Ding Yaokang

Ding Yaokang

Ding Yaokang (1599-1669), a native of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, was born in the West and named Yehe. He was the son of Ding Weining, a novelist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, he was an alternate student. Many times to participate in the local examination, are in the Deputy list. At the age of 20, he became a student, touring Jiangnan and studying under Dong Qichang. In the fourth year of Shunzhi, he entered the capital and served as a teacher of inlaid white flag. He was appreciated by Gongqing and became famous. The imperial court successively served as Rongcheng Jiaoyu and Huian Zhixian. Considering that her mother was old, she didn't go to the post.

In December of the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), he died of illness at home at the age of 71. He was the author of Xu Jin Ping Mei, Tian Shi, add delete Bu Yi, etc.

Life of the characters

Ding Yaokang was born in a bureaucratic family. His grandfather was pure, and his father had been a Jinshi in Ningdu. His father was an official in Huguang, and he served as an assistant envoy in the army. Several of his six brothers were also named in the imperial examination.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, he was a student of Dr. Bu, and he was No. 1 in the local examination. According to Qianlong's Zhucheng annals, "after 60 years of age, the disease is "Geng Shu" and "Si Ku Zong Mu Yao" (from Ding Wei) lost their loneliness when they were young, and they were unconventional. The weak bandits lived in the south of the Yangtze River, visited Dong Qichang's gate, and joined the literary society with famous scholars. At the end of Ming Dynasty, he helped suoshan king Zuntan recruit thousands of soldiers to get rid of Anqiu.

Ding Yaokang has been brilliant and resourceful since his youth. But he failed repeatedly in the imperial examination field. Later, he was able to serve as a teacher, but he was depressed.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the state affairs were corrupt, the government was corrupt, and the contradictions between different stages and nationalities were very fierce. Before and after the Qing Dynasty's entry into Shantung, the flames of war spread to Shandong, and Ding Yaokang suffered from the war.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi, he entered the capital. He was sent by Shuntian to teach under the white flag. He built a room in Huayan Temple, named Lu Fang. In Japan, he wrote poems with famous officials at that time, such as Wang Duo, Fu ZhangLei, Zhang Tanggong, Liu Zhengzong, Gong Dingzi, etc. Later, he was instructed by Rongcheng and moved to Huian County, where his mother did not go.

Ding Yaokang is not talented and unrestrained. He wrote a series of influential works and became a cultural person with personality.

Ding Yaokang wrote a lot of works all his life. His poems were vigorous and passionate. Even his poems about scenery showed a style of pouring out resentment. It is not difficult to see his resentment towards the autocratic politics of the Qing Dynasty.

Ding Yaokang was "ambitious and proud" and diligent in writing. At that time, it was inevitable that he would cause trouble. In the early Qing Dynasty, literary inquisition was prevalent, and he could not escape misfortune.

In his later years, Ding Yaokang offended the imperial court for his book Xu Jin Ping Mei. In August of the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he was arrested and put into prison at the age of 60. In December, he was pardoned. The book was almost burnt down. The heavy blow made him blind. He died at home in the winter of the eighth year of Kangxi (1669). He was 71 years old.

As soon as "Xu Jin Ping Mei" appeared, he was arrested, held for 120 days, and released after rescue by friends. After his death, the Qing government banned the book many times.

Ding Yaokang was born at a wrong time. He had the courage to denounce the darkness of feudal rule. He paid attention to social life and sympathized with the suffering of farmers. In his works, he expressed his concern for the country and the people. Such a scholar who adheres to the integrity of intellectuals is worthy of respect and memory.

personal works

The continuation of Jin Ping Mei

Ding Yaokang has written 64 chapters of the novel Xu Jin Ping Mei. It is his famous work and has a certain position in the history of Chinese ancient novels. In Zhongxu's Jin Ping Mei, all the people return to the human world and repay the karma of the previous life. The book takes induction as its saying, and each chapter has its own introduction, which is to persuade the good to stop the evil. Because of the content of alluding to the Qing Dynasty and dissatisfaction with the Qing Dynasty, the book was banned by the Qing rulers. The artistic achievement of the book is inferior to that of Jin Ping Mei CI Hua, and it has a negative thought of promoting karma, but it is superior to many works in expressing the spirit of the world. The historical background of the book is the battle of song and Jin Dynasties, which reflects the sad reality of the change of banner in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He used novels as a literary form to mercilessly criticize the fatuous monarch, sycophant, bad politics and bad habits, and to attack the dark politics of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.

Among them, the action of Jin people's going south is quite similar to the suffering of Han people. It seems that the author is describing his own experience, which is very moving. Later, some people changed the names and titles of the people in the book, and deleted the words of cause and effect. The book became 48 chapters of the shadow of flowers across the curtain, also known as Sanshi Bao. The book was not finished, and it was banned as obscenity.

Theatre

There are four kinds of legends, including two volumes of Xihu fan, one volume of huarenyou, two volumes of juesheban and three volumes of chisongyou, which were submitted in Shunzhi. There are ten volumes of Ding Ye he's poetry notes in Si Ku Quan Shu Cun mu, including five volumes: Jiao Qiu Ji (two volumes), Lu Fang's poetry notes (five volumes), Jiang Gan Cao (one volume), Gui Shan Cao (one volume), and Ting Shan Ting Cao (one volume). Zhu Cheng Zhi also contains two volumes of Xiao Yao you, which are poems and articles. In addition, there are also a volume of notes on home economics, a volume of a brief account of robbery, 15 volumes of additions, deletions and supplements, a volume of humble opinions, a volume of collection of ancient books, and a volume of questioning Tianting Fangyan.

Ten volumes of the history of heaven is a compilation of good and bad deeds of the past dynasties. It was burned in Nandu. The copy of the book has been found.

The history of heaven is a kind of book that lists the misfortunes and auspicious disasters in the past dynasties and expresses the regret that it was not born at the right time. There are 13 chapters in a brief account of the robberies, which record some historical facts of Ding Yaokang's personal experience, that is, the process of the Qing army's entry and Ding's defection to the Hongguang regime in Nanming. Among them, Li Zicheng's Dashun army's activities in Jiaodong are of great reference value to understand the social situation at that time, especially the land policy of the peasant army.

The addition and deletion of Bu Yi

The book "add or delete Bu Yi" is entitled "old man wild crane". After the research of modern scholars, this book should be written by Ding Yaokang, a famous literary master in Zhucheng between Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.

The complete works of Ding Yaokang collated by Zhang Qingji is the most complete collection of Ding's works. The fifteen volumes of the complete works of Ding Yaokang, added or deleted from the book of changes, are entitled "the work of the old man Yehe, identified by Li Wuping, added or deleted by Li Wenhui". Before that, Ding Yaokang's preface (1668 A.D.), Zhang Wenwu's preface (1690 A.D.), Li Wenhui's preface (1690 A.D.), and Li mutang's postscript (1698 A.D.) . This book is a divination book written by Ding Yaokang.

As for the edition of this book, according to Zhang Wen's preface, "the old man Yehe has studied Taoism for decades, read extensively, judge things according to the books, collect extensively, check and verify the books, check and verify the books, keep them if they have been tested repeatedly, and delete them if they have not been tested We should try our best to open up the fallacies of all the books, only come up with the understanding of one heart, and enlighten the later generations of Yi Xiao. It's a pity that it didn't come out. Chueh Tzu could not bear to hide it in his pillow. He added and deleted it, and finished a book. He was eager to ask you for the order Press, Juezi, Li Wenhui. According to this, Li Wenhui tried to carve books. Zhang Qingji's "postscript to collation points" refers to the "complete works of Ding Yaokang" based on the "Qianlong manuscript of Li Wenzao, a bibliophile in Qingzhou." Zhao Xin said in his review of Ding Yaokang's complete works: "all the books in the book of changes have not been described, and his son Shenxing and the people who wrote the preface to them have not mentioned it. Mr. Zhang Qingji's visit is a transcript of the Qianlong reign recorded by Li Wenzao in Qingzhou. " It seems that Li Wenhui wanted to carve but failed to do so. He only handed down the manuscript to later generations.

However, the "simple and secret biography (an addition and deletion of Bu Yi) volume" in the sub part of Shandong bibliography is recorded, and the author and edition title are "written by Ding Yaokang (old man Yehe in Qing Dynasty)," added and deleted by Li Wenhui in Qing Dynasty, and "Manuscript of Li Wenhui in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty", which is now in Shandong Provincial Museum. Shandong Provincial Library has six volumes and four volumes of the book, both of which are entitled "written by the old wild crane". The six volume edition includes the qingchengwenxin edition, the Jinlu sanhuaitang edition of Daoguang Wuzi (1828 AD), the Guyue chongwentang edition of Daoguang Gengyin (1830 AD), and the four volume edition includes the Shanghai Guangyi Publishing House edition and the Shanghai Jiangzuo Shulin stone edition of Guangxu Gengchen (1880 AD). It can be seen that this book is widely spread.

Adding and deleting the book of changes is the painstaking effort of old Yehe in his whole life. He pays attention to practicality, and seldom uses vague words. Beginners can learn to read, beginners can be proficient in reading. According to it, although we can't draw 20 conclusions from one hexagram like others, it is very helpful to solve practical problems.

Supplementary examination of works

Ding Yaokang is a famous historical figure in Zhucheng, who wrote a lot of works all his life. In 1991, Shandong library quarterly published Mr. Lu Hai's article "Research on Ding Yaokang's works" (hereinafter referred to as "Lu Wen") in the first issue, which makes a comprehensive research on Ding Yaokang's works. However, with the deepening of Ding Yaokang's research in recent years, many Ding's lost works have been found, which makes the related academic research on Ding Yaokang further developed. In particular, the publication of the complete works of Ding Yaokang edited by Mr. Li zengpo made it easy for scholars to see the outline of Ding's works. Today, due to the lack of materials at that time, it is inevitable that Lu Wen will lose its simplicity. The author does not speculate that the cutting is crude, but only makes a supplementary description of the materials he has seen. I hope Fang family can correct the omissions.

The complete works of Ding Yaokang has been published (Zhongzhou ancient books publishing house, 1999.3).

Poetry

Ding Yaokang had a large number of poems in his life. According to Shandong literature bibliography, Qing history manuscript · Yiwenzhi, Shandong Tongzhi · Yiwenzhi, general catalogue of Sikuquanshu, summary of general catalogue of renewed Sikuquanshu, shangshuanji and its sequel, comprehensive catalogue of Chinese series and bibliography of rare ancient books of Beijing Library, Ding Yaokang recorded his poems in different types, including manuscript, copy and engraving

Chinese PinYin : Ding Yao Kang