Cao Pi

Cao Pi

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Cao Pi was a litterateur in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word auxiliary, Qiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) people. The year of birth and death is unknown. Cao Xiu, his great ancestor, was the great Sima of the state of Wei. In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, Cao Pi successively held the posts of Zhuolang, gouzhangling, Taixue doctor, shangshulang, xiapi Taishou, etc. Later Lei moved to guangluxun. Cao Pi devoted himself to literary creation because he was not satisfied with his official career. He is good at writing Ci and Fu, and has a lot of literary talent. He once wrote "Yangzhou Fu" and spread it all over the world. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains 15 volumes. Today, there are Fu on the river, Fu on Qiuxing and Fu on kongho, which are included in Yi Wen Lei Ju and Chu Xue Ji. His poems are more famous, such as night listening to pounding clothes, which are recorded in Yutai Xinyong.

Characters and deeds

Cao Pi's "less good literature, good Ci Fu", known for the world. However, sun Chuo said that he was "not without literary talent, cool without cutting system" (Shishuoxinyu · Literature). His existing works are really complicated. His article is characterized by "to Confucianism". This article was written in xiapitaishou's office. It is similar to Xia houzhan's "Dui Yi". Most of his poems are works of chanting things, and there are vivid sentences when describing scenery. The theme of yetingmaoyi is novel. Among them, it was written: "the cold is the best way to control Wansu, and the beauty is the best way to control the skirt. The winter night is clear and eternal, and the bright moon shines on the hall. The hand is thin and light, the pestle is long and the anvil is ringing. Qingfengliu numerous Festival, back to the wind sprinkle micro Yin. Oh, this Jiayun speed, mourn that Youzhi heart. The feeling of two things is more than sound and sound? " This is an earlier boudoir complaint poem with the theme of pounding clothes. Later poets such as Xie Huilian, Liu Yun and Yu Xin all wrote poems of pounding clothes. Although they have their own characteristics, their styles are similar to those of Cao Pi. The artistic conception of "a moon in Chang'an, the sound of ten thousand households pounding clothes" in Li Bai's midnight Wu Song in Tang Dynasty is similar to Cao Pi's poem.

Literature

The biography of Cao Pi in the book of Jin contains 15 volumes, which have been lost. Today's poems and essays are collected from the complete works of three dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties compiled by Yan Kejun and the poems of pre Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Nan and Northern Dynasties compiled by Fu Qinli.

Cao Pi was appointed as a doctor after he was promoted to Xiaolian, and was soon promoted to Zuo Zhuolang. He resigned because of his father's death. Later, he served as a famous Zhang Ling, a doctor of Taixue, a senior general of shangshulang and Zhendong, and engaged in Zhonglang and xiapi Taishou. Because Cao Pi was not famous as an official, he wrote to Confucianism to explain himself.

Historical records

Biographies of Wenyuan in Jinshu

Cao Pi, the assistant of the word, is also from the state of Qiao. Gao zuxiu, Wei dasima. Father, right army general. He is good at literary works and good at Ci Fu. In addition to the doctor, Cai moju was the assistant writer. My father is worried about leaving his job. Fu Kai, moved the order of Ju Zhang, and asked for the doctor of Taixue. At that time, Zhang Shuo of Guiyang was descended by Du Lanxiang, the goddess of heaven. He ridiculed him with two poems and continued ten poems of Lan Xiang's songs. He also wrote Yang Du Fu, inferior to Yu Shan. Leiqian shangshulang and Zhenjun general engaged in Zhonglang and xiapi Taishou. He wrote Dui Ru to explain himself. His words are as follows:

Or he asked Cao Zi, "the treasure of Fu is precious, the treasure of scholar is noble, the treasure of Lin is rare, the frost of pine is meaningful, the orchid is the source of the stream, and the jade is the source of the Ren.". Therefore, Zizhou is full of waves and dragons, Wuji is full of seals, yugongqian worships the rocks to protect the gods, liangshengshi is cautious in Nanyue, so as to keep the peace, and Yiji and Dongrun, lingdongyangfang and snowing are the main reasons.

"Today's young son is very weak and pretty, especially when he is young. If you spit out words, you will fall into the Yang class; if you resist heart, you will imitate Gao Hong; if you taste good, you will run through the zhuangsi; if you study wonderful, you will win the edge. It is necessary to take punishment and etiquette as one's own duty and apply to Korea as one's great communication! He not only went to the east to see history, but also studied Confucianism according to Taixue. There was no mysterious rhyme, indifferent, yiqixu cave, Yangcai Youyi, Huiming Menglong. They don't pursue the forest habitat, they don't want to hold the dragon of scales, they don't practice the skill of truth, they don't admire the intelligence of internal listening. In addition, he uses nuclear materials in the pan position, uses self-cultivation in the fan dust education, uses the negative salt cart to show his power, and uses himself to be respectful. They can't live in the lacquer garden, they can't sneak out of the city, they can't swim in the graceful room, they can't hope to see the trace; they only use a little heart to complete the name of the book, and they can cover the amount of the flood in Beichuan.

"If you call me evil? There is no need to conform to the customs. Is the fruit not evil? Then we can not follow the custom. It's not the same as holding the bridle of decay to control Yisi, bearing the strong wind to hold qiupeng, serving the tranquil nature to fill the labor house, and coupling and complaining to the masses? Zi did not hear the Yings of the final army, Jia Shengcai, Baqi Shandong and Yuying Hantai. He could be said to be shocked by the sound, but saw the destruction of Jiangguan's mouth. In this way, it is called Shi bin. Fu Meng is a mischievous child. In the morning, he will be in glory. In the evening, he will return to the dust. If he is not clear, he will have an open mind in Xuanpu. If he is in Penglai, he will have a wonderful life. If he is in cangchuan, he will have a long life. I'm confused by theft. 」

The master beamed and said with delight, "the husband and the wife are both enlightened, yin and yang are rich in perspiration, and the five talents are used repeatedly, which leads to chaos. All kinds of clouds, which one can predict their omens! So instead of climbing on the Langfeng, you can see it in the shape of a special eye? If you don't go to the scenery, how can you see the outline? It is to follow the wisdom of the one who is confused with the rough, and to keep the correction of the other, who knows that the fire forest is full of fire and the ice is full of grass! Therefore, adults are optimistic, and they are not very hardworking when they go out. They are both Confucianists and Taoists. When they are in trouble, they will bend to the bright light. When they are in trouble, they will disperse their dragon algae. This is an unusual treasure to use.

"Today, the three Ming Dynasties reflect on each other, and the two Qi carry the propaganda. The metaphysics is set in the evening, the wind is bright and the morning is fresh. The way is smooth and the reason is complete. Therefore, the Five Canons conquer the Ming Dynasty in Bai Kui, the sound of Yu Qi rings in Wu Xian, the sound of an Qi dissolves in Xiulin, and the fisherman hooks in Changchuan. In this way, all of them are integrated, all of them are extended, the wind is clear in the common, and the waves are clear in the Sichuan. Fang Jiang danced Huang Qiu in Qingyun, recruited Yi Feng in Lingshan, flowed jade and Li in Huakai, and showed red grass in front of the court. What's the trouble of disobeying reason? I'm really tired! In the Ming Dynasty, the source of the bacteria could not be overstepped. The Squilla could not observe the new year, which was not described by Guan Han. The final part of the article is about talking and respecting. 」

Tired moved to guangluxun, dead. The fifteen volumes written by fan are handed down to the world.

dispute

Cao Pi, a character assistant, was born in Qiaoxian County of the state of Qiao, the great Sima of the state of Wei, and the xuansun of Cao Xiu, a writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "The biography of Wenyuan in the book of Jin" discusses the literati of the two Jin Dynasties: "as for Jifu and Taichong, they are the talents of Jiangyou; Cao Pi and Yu Shan are the talents of Zhongxing." Cao Pi, Ying Zhen, Zuo Si and Yu Cheng are regarded as the representatives of the literary circles in the Jin Dynasty. Cao Pi is able to write poetry, Fu and prose. In the biography of Wenyuan in the book of Jin, it is said that "all the writings written in 15 volumes are handed down to the world.".

On the issue of the year of Cao Pi's death, Cao Daoheng's article "six examinations of Jin Dynasty writers" mentioned: "the year of Cao Pi's death can't be known. However, according to the biography of the book of Jin, he moved to guangluxun after he was appointed as the next PI NEISHI, so he is likely to live to the period of emperor Mu Shengping (357-360) or later. " Zhang Keli's article on the year of Xu Xun's birth and the year of Cao Pi's death demonstrates that his death must have been after the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (383) Nowadays, many people agree with Zhang Keli's views on the year of Cao Pi's death, such as Ren Lili's textual research on the year of Cao Pi's birth and death, Li Jianguo's biography of goddess, biography of Du Lanxiang and biography of Cao's works, Wang Shaojie and Li Meng's new collection of Soushenji, deleting the article of Du Lanxiang, and Jia Jingjing's research on biography of Jinshu Wenyuan It's clustered.

There are two proofs for Zhang Wen to date Cao Pi's death after the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. First, according to the content of the article "please rain text" written by Cao Pi in the history of xiapi, it is concluded that the summer drought in this year is extraordinary and belongs to severe drought. Then, based on the study of the five elements annals of Jin Dynasty, from the first year of emperor Jianwu (317) to the last year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there are two severe summer droughts, one is the year of yongchangyuan (322) and the other is the fourth year of Taiyuan (379) In the fourth year, the time when Cao Pi took office in the internal history of xiapi should be about the fourth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty, so his death must be after the fourth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty.

Assuming that this year's summer drought is a severe drought, Cao Pi was appointed as the internal historian of xiapi in the fourth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. According to Fu Rui Xia of Song Dynasty, in September of 342, Emperor chengdi of Jin Dynasty, a jade tripod appeared in Lujiang County, which was written by Lang Cao Pi. Volume 58 of Beitang shuchao quoted Cao Pi's five character poem Preface: "I changed from Zhongshu to Huangmen. I was in zhiduohuai, and I wrote poems and books to screen the wind and cloud." "Taiping Yulan" 237 quoted he Fasheng's "book of Jin Zhongxing" and said: "Yu Tan, Chen Lue, Cao Pi, Mao Anzhi were all left guard generals." It can be seen that Cao Pi had been the Minister of Zhongshu, the Minister of Guishi Huangmen and the general of Zuowei. "Taiping Yulan" volume 220 quoted "Jin livingzhu" records that in the eighth year of Taikang, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, the imperial edict said: "today's scholar bureaucrats are not happy to go out to slaughter herdsmen, but to be good internal officials. Today, they all first pass through external officials and govern the people, and then they become Chang bonayan, classic soldiers, Suwei and Huangmen scattered riding zhongshulang." Then Cao Pi was the Minister of Zhongshu, the Minister of Guishi Huangmen, and the general of Zuowei. According to the "Jin guanpin" in the 19th book of Tongdian, Zhuolang is the sixth grade, and the internal history of the prefecture is the fifth grade. Cao Pi moved from the sixth grade to the fifth grade, and lingered for 37 years. However, he moved to guangluxun with the age of about 60 years.

According to the biography of Wenyuan in the book of Jin, Cao Pi "moved to shangshulang, general of Zhenjun, Zhonglang and Taishou of xiapi". It shows that Cao Pi's appointment as the prefect of xiapi was not long after he worked as Zhonglang for the general of the town army. "Zhen Army General" refers to Sima Xi, king of Wuling. According to the records of Mu Di Ji in the book of Jin, Sima Xi lived in the first year of Yonghe (345)

Chinese PinYin : Cao Pi