Cao Xuequan

Cao Xuequan

Cao Xuequan (1574-1646) is a native of Hongtang Township, Houguan County, Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. He is an official, scholar, poet and book collector of the Ming Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the 23rd year of Wanli (1595). The Qing soldiers entered Fujian and hanged themselves for sacrifice.

Cao Xuequan collected thousands of books and wrote thousands of books. He has studied literature, poetry, geography, astronomy, Zen theory, temperament, various schools of thought, especially poetry. He is proficient in melody and Du qu. he once composed the main tone of Min opera, douqiang, which is regarded as the main melody

One of the forefathers of Min Opera

. Famous couplets:“

Every dog slaughters the righteous, but most of them are scholars who are ungrateful

”It came from Cao Xuequan.

Life of the characters

New job

Cao Xuequan was born in 1574, a small peddler's family in Hongtang Township, Houguan County, Fuzhou. His father, Cao Jiqu, made a living selling cakes. His mother died early and his family was poor. Cao Xuequan was studious when he was a child. He once went to school in Changle. He entered the government school at the age of 18. He was elected in the 19th year of Wanli (1591). After failing in the examination in the 20th year of Wanli (1592), he returned home and married Gong Yongqing's daughter. At that time, Gong Yongqing had resigned from office and was at home. With the help of Gong Yongqing, Cao Xuequan was able to get to know the gentry and celebrities. In the winter of the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), he went to Beijing to prepare for the next year's Chunwei exam, and had the opportunity to communicate with many celebrities. In 1595, Cao Xuequan won the entrance examination with 50 students in grade 2A. During the examination, he asked about the "car fight" and replied: "chennan people are not familiar with car fight, so please talk about it by boat." Therefore, the method of zhouzhan is detailed. Zhang weiqi, the examiner, was initially ranked the first. Because he could not make an exception, he was changed to the tenth and was granted the head of the household department. After Zhang Wei was dismissed, his family members and former officials did not dare to visit him. Cao Xuequan took a lot of dry food to the wharf to see him off. He was transferred to the official post of zuoshizheng of Dali temple in Nanjing, and later served as a doctor of the Ministry of household in Nanjing. During his seven years in office, Cao Xuequan carefully studied knowledge.

Be impeached from office

In the 37th year of Wanli (1609), Cao Xuequan was appointed to Sichuan right to participate in politics. At that time, when there was a famine in Sichuan, Cao Xuequan set up a factory to cook porridge to relieve the hungry people. He also reported the famine situation and approved the distribution of 3 million taels of relief money. "The people of Shu were surprised that they had not received any special favor in three hundred years.". In Sichuan, there are two kinds of taxes, one is from merchants, the other is from common people. After the famine, most of the people fled and had nothing to do with taxes. Cao Xuequan used the tax surplus of previous years to offset the tax for this year, which saved the people from the pain of competition. However, the corrupt officials complained because they didn't search for opportunities. The king of Shu asked local officials to raise 700000 Liang to repair the house, but Cao Xuequan refused to help Zongfan. The roads in Sichuan are extremely dangerous, and Cao Xuequan has raised funds to repair many roads and bridges, which are highly praised by the travelers. In the 39th year of Wanli (1611), Cao Xuequan was promoted to the post of commander in chief of Sichuan Province. In the 41st year of Wanli (1613), he was dismissed because he had offended the king of Shu and was slandered by him. That year, Cao Xuequan returned home and built shicangyuan in his hometown Hongtang, with a collection of 10000 volumes. He often invited literary friends, wrote poems, talked about the past and the present, and created a "Confucian class" in the drama society, which made the Chinese style in Fujian prosperous. In 1622, Cao Xuequan was appointed as the right counsellor of Guangxi. The imperial clan in Guilin has always been arrogant and often committed illegal acts. Cao Xuequan insisted on the law and ordered the officials in charge to investigate and deal with those who violated the law. He also personally repeatedly enlightened the imperial clan and made it solemnly abide by the law. Some people relied on the influence of the imperial clan to make coins privately, and Cao Xuequan was strict with them. Without a little leniency, the trend of making coins privately was restrained. The money Bureau engaged in malpractice and profited only a thousand dollars in two years. Cao Xuequan established a system and strictly controlled it, making a profit of 5000 dollars a year. There are many ethnic minorities in Guangxi. Officials and servants extort money, and the garrison is responsible for providing wine and food. They are constantly harassed and often arouse civil revolts. Cao Xuequan strictly restricted the officials and officers, changed the camp and town to other places, strictly prohibited the harassment of the garrison, and the situation soon returned to stability. In the autumn of the sixth year of Tianqi (1626), Cao Xuequan moved to Shaanxi as the deputy political envoy, but he had not yet taken up his post. In his unofficial history, Liu Tingzhi, a member of Wei Zhongxian's party, was impeached because of the fact that he wrote "the case of Li attack" in his unofficial history, which means "writing National History privately to confuse right and wrong". After 70 days' imprisonment, Cao Xuequan was demoted and the edition of unofficial history was destroyed. In the early years of Chongzhen (1628-1644), Cao Xuequan was appointed Deputy envoy of Guangxi. At that time, pirates were rampant along the coast of Fujian. Cao Xuequan suggested that the authorities should garrison troops, build blockhouses and organize residents to defend together in Meihua and Shuanggui areas of Minjiang Estuary. The authorities adopted his advice and the pirates fled. Cao Xuequan was enthusiastic about the public welfare of his hometown. He had raised funds to dredge the rivers inside and outside the city and the West Lake, and built three bridges in Hongshan, Wan'an and Tongkou. Feeling their virtue, the villagers set up a temple statue at the head of Hongshan Bridge.

Die for the country

In 1644, Li Zicheng's uprising army invaded Beijing and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. After hearing the news, Cao Xuequan committed suicide and was rescued by his family. The next year, Zhu Yujian, the king of the Tang Dynasty, became emperor in Fuzhou. Cao Xuequan came to see him and was granted the title of minister of Taichang temple. He soon moved to the Ministry of rites as a minister and a lecturer. In order to compile "Chongzhen record", into the Ministry of rites Shangshu, add Prince Taibao. At that time, all things were initially set up, and the major events in the court were decided by Cao Xuequan and the great scholar Zodiac Zhou. In the second year of Longwu (1646), Emperor Li Zan personally collected the lost land. Because he was too old to go, he donated 10000 liang of silver to help pay. In August of the same year, Emperor Longwu's personal expedition failed. When the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Emperor Longwu was captured and killed in Tingzhou. On September 17, the Qing army captured Fuzhou. The next day, Cao Xuequan bathed in Xiangtang, straightened out his clothes, hanged himself in his home in Xifeng and died. Before his death, he left a couplet of Jueming: "a pen in his life, a rope after his death." It is also said that he hanged himself in Yongquan temple in Gushan. After the death of Cao Xuequan, his home was copied by the Qing army, his family was arrested, and his books were robbed by the Qing army. He was named Wenzhong by the king of Lu. In 1746, one hundred years after the death of Cao Xuequan, the Qing government named him "Zhong Jie".

Literary achievements

All his life, Cao Xuequan studied literature, poetry, geography, astronomy, Zen theory, temperament, and various schools of thought, especially in the field of music

Work in Poetry

He is good at writing scenery and lyric poems. His

The private collection of books has reached tens of thousands of volumes

It is stored in "hanzhuzhai" and has "hanzhuzhai collection bibliography". Xu huobo wrote:“

Yu you, Deng yuanruo

Xie Zhaohe

Cao Xuequan and Cao Xuequan all have a passion for books

proofreading

Full volume, pillow deep.

”In the aspect of literature, he, Xu huobo, Xie Zhaozhe and others have made great achievements in poetry and prose, and led the quiet literary world in central Fujian since the middle of Ming Dynasty. He is regarded as the Reviver of Fujian literary garden in the late Ming Dynasty. He had contacts with Li Zhi, Jiao Hong and other scholars, who had a great influence on his thoughts. At the same time, he also accepted many Buddhist ideas. Although he has been in the officialdom for many years, his heart of fame is not too deep, and his heart is quiet. Cao Xuequan, who was dismissed twice, lived in "shicangyuan" and wrote a book for 20 years

Buddhism has

Buddha collection

Taoism has

Daozang

Confucianism is not alone.

He is determined to cultivate Confucianism and Tibet, and stand against it. Therefore, it took more than 10 years to collect and compile the books of Siku. He wrote more than 30 books in his life, including shicang poetry anthology of twelve dynasties. There are seven volumes of Zhouyi Keshuo, ten volumes of shuzhuanhuizhong, six volumes of book of songs query, twelve volumes of Chunqiu elucidation, three volumes of Chunqiu Yilue, six volumes of Shuzhong personage, one hundred and ninety-eight volumes of Yitong historical records, two volumes of Shuhan geography supplement, four volumes of Shujun Gujin Tongshi, four volumes of Shuzhong Fengtu, twelve volumes of fangwuji, and ShuHuaJi There are four volumes, ten volumes of the records of gods in Shu, ten volumes of the records of eminent monks in Shu, one hundred volumes of shicang poetry anthology, 888 volumes of shicang twelve dynasties poetry anthology, four volumes of Shuzhong poetry talks, and forty-nine volumes of Song poetry anthology,

All the works have 1329 volumes

. His works, such as Shi Cang Shi Wen Ji, were banned in the early Qing Dynasty. The famous works that still exist in the world include one hundred and ninety-eight volumes of Yitong historical sites and selected poems of shicang in the twelve dynasties

Fujian Normal University

Possession《

Collection of Cao Dali's poems and essays

》Twelve volumes (incomplete),

Tokyo, Japan

Possession《

Complete works of Mr. Cao Nengshi

》One hundred rolls. Fujian in the late Ming Dynasty was once the cradle of calligraphers and painters. It is said that in the lobby of Lin Zexu's "Seventy two peak building" in Fuzhou, the painting of Zhensong by Cao Xuequan is hanging. The style of Xiquan poem is gentle, gentle and calm.

Book collectors

During the apocalypse, the official Guangxi right counsellor moved to Shaanxi Deputy envoy. Liu Tingyuan, a member of Wei Zhongxian's party, impeached him for writing unofficial history in private and disturbing the national constitution because his unofficial history was not published. At the beginning of Chongzhen's reign, he became the Deputy envoy of Guangxi. He had seen through the filthy officialdom and could not resign. In the "shicang garden", he wrote for 20 years. The king of Tang ascended to the throne of Minzhong and was granted the Minister of rites. After entering Fujian, the Qing soldiers hanged themselves in the mountains. Xu huobo, a famous book collector, and Zhao Shixian, a litterateur, were in charge of the poetry circle in the middle of Fujian Province. The collection of tens of thousands of volumes, stored in "hanzhuzhai", compiled "hanzhuzhai collection bibliography". When Xu huobo, a Fujian book collector, recorded the collection characteristics of three Fujian book collectors, he evaluated them as: "Yu you, Deng Shenzhi, yuanruo, Xie Fangbo, Zhaohe and Cao Guan

Chinese PinYin : Cao Xue Quan