Zhiyu

Zhiyu

Zhiyu (250-300), whose name is zhongqia, was born in Chang'an, Beijing (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). He was the son of Qing Zhimo, a servant of the state of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, a famous genealogist in the Western Jin Dynasty, and one of the 24 friends of Duke Lu. His works include ten volumes of clan surname Zhaomu, four volumes of article annals and annotation of Sanfu Juelu.

In the first years of Tai Dynasty, he was appointed as Zhonglang and later as Sheren, Wenxi County Magistrate and shangshulang. During the reign of Yuankang, he moved to be a friend of the king of Wu, and then successively served as Secretary Supervisor, Wei Weiqing, guangluxun and taichangqing. He died of starvation.

Life of the characters

Reply to Emperor Wu

When Zhiyu was young, he served huangfumi, had a wide range of talent and knowledge, and wrote tirelessly. He was selected as the main book in the county. Later, Zhiyu was recommended as a virtuous person, and he was selected as a junior with Xia houzhan and other 17 people, and was awarded the position of Zhonglang. The imperial edict of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty said: "it depends on the wise people's correct answers. Although the methods mentioned are different, they are all clear to the justice of the king and beneficial to the political way. I'd like to have a detailed understanding of your coping strategies and the good intentions of the virtuous officials. " So he issued an imperial edict to all the wise men to speak frankly. Just as he was asking in the East Hall, Emperor Wu of Jin said: "not long ago, there was a solar eclipse at noon, and floods and droughts caused disasters. What will be done to change the disaster? And what are the things that are not suitable for today's laws and that are worrying about the hardship of the public and private? However, in the world of peace, it is to obtain talents, and the way to obtain talents is to listen to the ears and observe the eyes. If there are civil and military talents who are beneficial to the current affairs and who have not declared their positions, they should recommend them separately, and if they have been slandered by the time and the customs and should be eliminated, they should also speak up separately. " Zhiyu replied, "I heard that in ancient times, when shengshiming was a sage, he studied the primitive in order to get a good end, and observed the end. Therefore, we should worry about improper legal system instead of worrying about the loss of characters; we should worry about the loss of characters instead of worrying about the prevalence of disasters. If we seek by law, all things can be governed; if people live in harmony, disasters will be eliminated. If there is something wrong with the sun and the moon, or if there are floods and droughts, we should reflect on our own audio-visual experience, seek the cause of its occurrence, look at things from a distance, and examine ourselves closely. Is there anything that covers the ears and eyes? I'm afraid there is a phenomenon of overturning the common way in the policy and order! Is there any improper appointment of a senior official? Is there something wrong with the rise and fall of rewards and punishments? Is there anyone who lives in seclusion in the mountains by the river without being perceived by dreams? Is there any famous and outstanding talent in remote and remote places without the favor of the imperial court? Push this and so on, for reasons, ask the facts, examine the speech, and strive to be in line with the facts, then the feelings of heaven and man can be seen, and the signs of disaster can be remedied. If the analogy to all things without violation, seeking from themselves without fault, all things straightened out, internal and external appropriateness, the official sacrificial speech fair and honest, then the sun and moon run disorderly, diseases and natural disasters can not be cured, this is only a matter of yin and Yang, not the existence of good and evil. Transportation and degree are natural duties. Originally, they are not provided by human resources. They are just opening warehouses to release grain, accumulating wealth and saving food. Therefore, if luck really happens, then even Tang Yao and Shang Tang can't change it; if it's not that luck, then even the monarchs of the song and Wei States and the prime ministers of the vassals can be influenced. I hope your majesty will carefully examine the cause of the appearance of the evil omen, and exhaust its reason, then the world will be lucky. I grew up in a poor family. I have never met anything new. Even if I have talents, I have never made friends. I dare not talk nonsense. I have nothing to answer the emperor's questions. " After Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty appreciated Zhiyu's words, he was selected as Prince Sheren and granted Wenxi County Magistrate.

Dig the ancient ruler

In the Taikang period (280-289), Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty paid attention to the political way, and because the state of Wu had just been pacified and the world was stable, Zhiyu presented Ode to Taikang to Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty to praise the holy virtue of Jin Dynasty. He resigned because of his mother's death. After a long time, he was called back to the imperial court to serve as shangshulang. Chen Xie, the great craftsman at that time, dug the ground and got an ancient ruler. The book of history says, "the ruler is longer than the ancient ruler, so the ancient ruler should be the right one." Pan Yue believes that the ruler has been used for a long time and should not be changed. Zhiyu retorted: "the ancient sages felt the subtlety of the world and compared it with its appearance. They molded things and made utensils for the use of time. Therefore, in the hexagram of the book of changes, the odd number is in the sky, and the even number is in the earth, so that the principle of arithmetic is correct; according to the law, the length of the number is determined. It's made according to rules, so it's used in good faith. If we follow the example of heaven and earth, there is nothing to hide the feelings of heaven and earth; if we take the sun, moon and stars as the standard, there is nothing to accommodate the fallacies of celestial phenomena; if we apply it to the temperament of gold and stone, it is harmonious; if we put it in the regular size, it is appropriate to use it. If a fundamental principle is correct, everything is right. When there is a mistake, everything is wrong. Today's ruler is almost half an inch longer than the ancient ruler. When the Yuefu official uses it, it is not suitable for the temperament; when the historian uses it, the calendar can not be measured; when the medical official uses it, the acupoints are wrong. These three categories are the reasons for the emergence of measurement. The things we gain and lose from each other are not compatible, so we should change the present system and start from the ancient system. In Tang Yao's and Yu Shun's Canon system, weights and measures, Lu Qi Tong's, Confucius's precepts, respectfully weigh and judge. Now, if we use two feet together, we can't call them the same; if we know the mistakes and implement them, we can't call them prudence. It is not the way to unify all things, carry forward the canon law and show the best law to others. There are many things that are easy to change, some few things that are difficult to accept, some things that are difficult to change, and some things that are easy to change. Measurement is used by people, but the length of the size is not loved by people, which is easy to correct though many people use it. To correct mistakes, to gain benefits, to return the evil music to the right path, to change for a while, to make it permanent, that is, to change now is to make it easier. As for the system of the last generation, the use of heterodox and heterodox should be changed on time, and it should be exclusively based on the ancient system. I think it should be like Shangshu. " After that, Zhiyu went up to talk about Fengchan.

The imperial edict followed the advice

Because of the confusion of funeral rites in the last years of Han Dynasty, the notation lost a lot, and even the descendants could not understand their ancestors. Zhiyu wrote ten volumes of clan surname Zhaomu, which he thought was enough to prepare for practical use and was beneficial to broaden his knowledge. Because dingpinzhi violated the legal system, he was impeached by situ, but Emperor Wu of Jin forgave him. at that time, the ancestral temple of the emperor had just been built, and the imperial edicts were issued to increase the rank of nobility. Later, because the person in charge did not act according to the imperial edict, it was discussed to abolish it. Zhiyu said: "I heard that the ancient Saint Wang Mingjun did not grudge the kingdom of Qiancheng, but cherished the reputation of Tongye Fengdi, which was to respect the supreme Edict and reach the integrity of all nations. Some time ago, the Yisi amnesty Book carried forward the grace left by the former Emperor, and generally increased the rank of first class in order to repay the loyalty of the world. There is no one who is not jubilant and joyful to receive grace when the imperial edict is spread in the post station. Now, once the person in charge takes back the previous imperial edict and takes away the benediction that has been given, I think it should not be because of his careless diction. " Emperor Wu of Jin issued an imperial edict and followed his advice.

On funerals

During the reign of Yuankang (291-299), Emperor Huidi of Jin Dynasty moved to be a friend of the king of Wu. At that time, Xun Yi wrote "new rites" for Zhiyu to discuss the gains and losses and then put them into practice. When Yang Yan, Empress of Wu Yuan, died, Du Yu sang: "the system of emperor's mourning began in ancient times. Although there is no written record of King Wuding's mourning, it can only show that the text is in line with the reality. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty prescribed 36 days of mourning. After the Wei Dynasty, both burial and sacrifice were considered as a festival. The crown prince should take off his mourning clothes when he is one with the country. After crying, I'll get rid of it. " In his reply to Du Yu's letter, Zhi Yu said: "in the Tang Dynasty, Tao was called hermit, while in the Shang Dynasty, it was called Liang An. They named their affairs by their own names. It's not that they mourned after they were buried. Since the Zhou Dynasty, it has been called mourning clothes. Mourning clothing is to express mourning with clothing. Now that the emperor is managing everything every day, the crown prince has a great responsibility to take care of and pacify the world. He should change the funeral rites at the right time. After the funeral, he should get rid of his clothes. He should change the etiquette system, and understand the truth. The code system will spread to the future. Why should it be attached to the ancient times and make the old Confucians quarrel? " Sima Shang, the emperor's grandson, died, and he was dressed in mourning clothes for a year. An edict was issued for the doctor to discuss. Zhiyu said: "if the prince is alive and holds a rite of becoming an adult, then the death of a minor should be removed from mourning. The emperor's great grandson is also the successor of the monarch, who has passed on the important post. With the achievement of his status, his mourning is complete. It is not calculated by years and years. " The imperial edict complied with his opinion. Zhiyu also talked about the establishment of the two societies.

The poor starved to death

Later, Zhiyu successively served as Secretary Supervisor and Wei Weiqing, followed emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). When the army of Kanto came to meet emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, all the officials ran away, so Zhiyu fled to the areas of Wei and Du, and moved into Nanshan. The food was cut off, and he was very hungry, so he picked up acorns to satisfy his hunger. Later, he was able to return to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) and successively served as guangluxun and taichangqing. At that time, Sima Chi, Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty, held a suburban sacrifice in person. Since the reign of Yuankang (291-299), the emperor did not offer sacrifices in person, and the etiquette was abandoned. Zhiyu researched the old scriptures, and the ritual supplies were in order. When Luojing was in chaos, thieves were rampant and people were hungry for each other. Zhiyu was always poor and eventually starved to death.

Anecdotes

Zhiyu was good at observing the sky. He once said to his friends, "now the world is in chaos. I'm afraid the only place where he can take refuge is in the cold." He is fond of scholars by nature. He often speaks for the recommended performance. In Dongping, taishuguang was eloquent, but Zhiyu couldn't deal with the problems taishuguang talked about; in Zhiyu's writings, taishuguang couldn't answer them, so he laughed at each other and fought for the world one after another.

Ideological theory

Zhiyu used to think that life and death had a destiny, and wealth was in heaven. What Heaven blesses is morality and justice, what man helps is honesty and faith, and what is honest and obedient to heaven's destiny is justice

Chinese PinYin : Zhi Yu