Dai Fugu

Dai Fugu

Dai Fugu (1167-about 1248) was a famous poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. He lived in Shiping mountain in Nantang, so he was named Shiping and Shiping qiaoyin. He was born in Huangyan (now Taizhou, Zhejiang Province). His descendants are Dai Liankui, the Minister of the Qing Dynasty.

He once studied poetry from Lu You, and his works were influenced by the style of poetry in late Tang Dynasty. Some of the works express patriotism and reflect the sufferings of the people, which is of practical significance. In his later years, he summed up his experience in poetry creation and wrote ten poems in poetic style. He lived in seclusion after returning home. He died more than 80 years ago. His works include Shi Ping Shi Ji, Shi Ping Ci and Shi Ping Xin Yu.

Life of the characters

Birth environment

In 1167, Dai Fugu was born into a poor scholar's family in Pingshan, Nantang County, Huangyan County, Tiantai Road (Taiping County was established in Chenghua fifth year of Ming Xianzong, which is now xinhetangxia, Wenling City). His father, Dai Mincai, who is known as donggaozi, is a hard headed poet who "adapts himself to poetry, refuses to work for his son, and never regrets his poverty" (< I > preface to Dai Shizhi's poetry anthology by Lou Yao). He wrote many poems in his life, but few of them remain. He once wrote a famous poem Fu Xiaoyuan, and a famous sentence: "people wandering along the riverside road" was appreciated by Wei Qingzhi, who edited the poet Yuxie, and had a good reputation in the southeast poetry world at that time. On his deathbed, he also said to his relatives and friends, "I am very ill and will soon die. Unfortunately, my son is too young and my poem will lose its descendants." It can be seen that he is really fascinated by poetry.

Dai Fugu not only inherited Naifu's poetry fans, but also inherited Naifu's style, and carried it forward, just like a leader. What's more valuable is that he is just like a father. He refuses to do the inheritance of his son, but prefers to clothe himself for life. He is honest and upright, does not flatter, does not sell his soul but seeks fame and fortune, and is just like Naifu, who is poor but does not regret. In the era of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was really valuable.

Dai Fugu's era is just the era of "broken mountains and rivers, wind floating catkins", and the small Dynasty of Southern Song Dynasty is in a corner, struggling for survival. At the beginning of Zhao Gou's foothold in Lin'an, there were still various army units in the south, and there were also flames of war against Jin rebellion in the north. However, in the second generation of song Xiaozong, because of Zhao Gou's non resistance, disappointment, collapse, corruption and incompetence of the ruling group, he had long been content to live in a small imperial court that "made Hangzhou bianzhou". Dai Fugu was born in this second generation of small Dynasty. In such an era, Xin Qiji and Lu You are still idle, not to mention an unknown posterity. Therefore, even though Dai Fugu is "unconventional, generous and uninhibited" (< I > preface to Shi Ping Ji by Gong Shitai of Yuan Dynasty, < / I >), he has no place to serve the country with his loyalty! Poet Chen zhisui's poem "Dai Fugu's hometown, reading his tired tour back" says: "farewell to Jinling couple, Pingshan as master. Shade by the court wood show, plant see garden flower new. Double Pu flow poetry, a pool of wine dust. "I'll let go of Weng's sword, and I'll be alone." (< I > from < I > < I > Zai Jing Tang < / I > < I > collection · Jiang Nan Jing Shi's poems < / I >)

Due to the partial security of the Southern Song Dynasty, Taizhou became a relatively stable rear area close to the capital of the southeast coast, which made the remote and closed economic and cultural backward areas prosper rapidly. Especially in culture, a large number of famous scholars, such as Zhu Xi, Tang Zhongyou, Zhao Ruyu, you Mao and Yue Ke, came to Taizhou from the Enlightenment of Zheng Qian in Tang Dynasty and took important positions, which greatly promoted Taizhou culture. Zhu Xi and others attached great importance to education, running academies everywhere and giving lectures everywhere. As a result, the imperial examination became more popular and the number of people who won the imperial examination increased unprecedentedly. During the 153 years of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 550 Jinshi in Taizhou, one of the top scholars. Therefore, Xie duo, a famous Taizhou figure in the Ming Dynasty, said, "at that time, people in Taiwan started to be distinguished by their imperial titles. What's the limit?" (< I > preface to Shi Ping Ji < / I >)

In such a specific social and historical background, what path did Dai Fugu choose?

First, he inherited his father's ambition, became fascinated with poetry, and took poetry recitation as his career, leaving wealth and fame out of the sky.

According to his predecessor and close friend Lou Yao, "one day I visited Yu with a large number of poems and said," I passed on my father's work, but I was also poor because of this. " I answered: "husband poetry can help the poor, or only poor then work If you can only keep your poor, then your poetry will be prosperous. " Among the intellectuals in Taizhou who were keen on the imperial examination in order to gain fame at that time, it was unique.

Second, to visit teachers. According to the new records of Huangyan, "his poems are far from Shaoling, but near Jiannan." In particular, it is worth noting that "Lu fangweng ascended the three mountains again, and the poetry is advancing." It can be seen that he did visit Lu you as a teacher. Lu You, a patriotic and realistic poet who came down in one continuous line with Du Fu, was famous at that time. Jiannan poetry draft was a model for Dai Fugu to follow. Cheng menlixue finally came to visit his teacher. Under the personal instruction of a generation of masters, he "painstakingly studied" and "made great progress in poetry" to reach the realm of "own Qingyuan".

Third, read thousands of books and travel thousands of miles.

Gongshitai, a man of the Yuan Dynasty, followed his tracks, which can be summarized as follows: "to visit oumin in the south, to visit Wuyue in the north, to go to Kuaiji, to juezhongjiang, to float Pengli, to pan Dongting, to look at kuanglu, Wulao, Jiuyi peaks, and then to huaisi, so as to return to Weiyu (Huangyan Yushan) (preface to Shi Ping Ji) his travels were mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and he set foot in the Huaihe River Basin, the northern border with the Jin people at that time.

He had roamed three times for 40 years and spent half of his life all over the country.

Roaming experience

After Dai Fugu got married and had children, and became successful in learning poetry, he first went to the gate of mountaineering, and poetry became more and more popular. Then he began to travel with confidence, and the destination was Lin'an, the capital. He came to the capital jubilantly, hoping to become famous. However, the real life is cruel. At that time, the poet in the capital was already a group. How could he, an unknown young man, get in and out of the capital. After waiting for a few years, I was greatly disappointed that "the real dragon doesn't have to draw only pictures, but slaps the fence and sends three sighs." At this time, the quarrel in Phnom Penh of Song Dynasty had begun, and he went northward to Gongzhou and the Huaihe River valley near the front line. "Ten years of wandering in Huaidian, a pillow high sleep to Ezhou." If you want to find a way to join the army, the result is still "work for thousands of miles, empty talk for a cup of water."

During his trip to the front line, he personally experienced the situation of "our country is small day by day, and the wind is cold in the frontier". In October 1206, Jin sent his troops to the south to attack Song Dynasty, which broke Zhenzhou, Yunmeng and the Huaihe River area in Chuzhou. At this time, he wrote famous patriotic poems, such as drinking the water of Huaihe River frequently, after the soldiers of huaicun and looking to the north of Xuyi, which reflected the true suffering of the people in the war, and expressed the poet's deep feelings of loving the motherland and remembering the landless people in the Central Plains.

His dream of returning to his hometown was shattered by his activities during the past ten years. "He has been dreaming in Beijing for more than ten years", but "he knows how to make a fool of himself, but his return is always empty." I had to go home disappointed. Only when she came back did she find that her hairy wife had died of a disease. During the disease, she wrote two poems on the wall: "the white taro and the sorrow are woven, and the yellow flowers are covered by the door, and the hate is chanted." When he saw that the poem touched the scene and hurt his feelings, he continued to write the same poem "the title sentence of the dying room". When he was frustrated, he came back and lost his wife. It's really a double whammy. Facing the true image of his dead wife, he could not help singing: "seeking fame and profit, two boundless, thousands of miles back, he lost his wife." At that time, the two sons were only in their teens, which was really tear jerking.

After living at home for a short time, "it's not my business to close the door. The heart of white gull is near the five lakes." (< I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I >) he left home again. This time, he went from Wenzhou and Qingtian to Jiangshan and Yushan in the west, and then to Yuzhang. Taking Yuzhang as a foothold, he lived in Jiangxi for a long time, and walked between Ganjiang River, Yuanjiang River, Fuhe River and Xinjiang River. Later, he went to Hangzhou, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui. I'll be home in about 20 years.

First of all, he heard that many Beijing officials were transferred to Jiangxi. He went to Jiangxi to find a way out for his acquaintances, but he was disappointed. In his disappointment, he felt that "where is the mountain forest and the Chaoshi?" so he turned to the second goal - to make friends and learn from each other. This goal was unexpectedly achieved, and poetry creation achieved an unprecedented harvest. "When you come back, you can sit alone behind closed doors and win the poor recitation." In his first ten years, he gradually spread the name of his poems. At this stage, Shixian, officials, Jingren, and tourists vied to make friends with him. Senior officials such as louyao, qiaoxingjian, and weiliaoweng sometimes sang in harmony with him, and joined with poets of the same period, such as Zhao Ruteng, Bao Hui, tuziliang, Gong Feng, Zhao fan, Zeng Jingjian, Gao Zhu, Liu Kezhuang, Zhao Yifu, wengjuan, and sun Jifan, or commented on each other's poems In the literary world, the Poetry School of the rivers and lakes gradually formed. During this period, he wrote the most poems and made the greatest achievements: most of the patriotic and concerned realistic masterpieces were written at this time. In Hunan Province, Zhao Rutang compiled Shi Ping Xiao Ji, and Zhao Ruteng wrote a preface. This is the first anthology of Dai Fu's ancient poems published. He came to Jiangxi in the first half of 1227. In the book on the Wan'an River, he said, "you can't become a Buddha, you can't be an immortal, you can't spend 60 years on earth." "But the autumn wind moved Guixing, and the Ming Dynasty inquired about the boat going down the river." after moving Guixing, he asked Ni Zuyi and Zhao Ximai to make prefaces and postscripts for his poetry collection. Later, he visited Zhao fan brothers through Yushan and went home

This time, he finally appeared as a "professional poet" at the border, the front line, the government and the people, and had a profound experience: he placed his hopes on the officials of the Anti Japanese War faction and highly praised the high fighting spirit of the people, which was real and profound

Chinese PinYin : Dai Fu Gu