Hengchao

Hengchao

Heng Chao, an eminent monk of the Five Dynasties, came to Kaiyuan Temple in Wudi County, Shandong Province in the second year of Longde (922). In 738, the 26th year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the representative Buddhist temples and Taoist temples in each state to be renamed Kaiyuan Temple or Kaiyuan Temple, and the new founder was also named Kaiyuan as the state organ controlling Buddhism and Taoism In the north-east corner of Kaiyuan Temple, another courtyard was set up to preach scriptures. He has lived together for more than 20 years, preaching and discussing classics for more than 30 times. In the second year of Qianyou in the later Han Dynasty (949), he died at the age of 73. With tea ceremony, more than 200 pieces of relic were collected and distributed. Fifty of them were buried in the pagoda.

Life of the characters

"Biography of song eminent monks" Volume 7. Biography of Hengchao in Kaiyuan Temple of Dizhou in the Five Dynasties: "Hengchao's surname is Feng and he is from Fan Yang. He has been a noble man for more than 20 years. " "After emperor Hanzu gave him purple clothes, he was not happy. In the second year of Qianyou, he died at the age of 73 and became a monk. With tea ceremony, more than 200 pieces of relic were collected and distributed. Fifty of them were sealed outside and buried in the pagoda of our hospital. "

Achievements and honors

Master Hengchao, with a common surname of Feng, was born in Fan Yang (now Beijing). The ancestors and fathers practiced Confucianism and Taoism, and the family was very rich. Hengchao inherited his family tradition and studied poetry books since he was a child. At the age of 15, he had learned six classics, especially Fengsao. The poems and Fu are fresh in tone and have been spread far and near. Later, when I read the Buddhist scriptures, I suddenly realized that life's wealth is like a bubble. Only Buddhism can liberate people, so I became a monk.

personal works

After he became a monk, Heng Chao studied hard and read Buddhist scriptures day and night. Three years later, his master passed away. He followed the Buddhist funeral rites, mourned for his master and won people's praise. After his release, he went to Mount Wutai to receive muchajie (a kind of commandment, also known as biejiejie), and then traveled around to study, looking for famous teachers. At that time, when the Zhu regime of the Later Liang Dynasty and the Li group of Shatuo fought for years, the road to the South was blocked. Hengchao could only learn the great and small sutras, laws and theories between Wei, Bo, Bing and Fen (today's Hebei and Shanxi areas). Nevertheless, through his unremitting efforts, he has achieved profound attainments in Buddhism and is well-known. At that time, the two masters of Buddhism in Shanxi, suwang Xichen and Zhenbian, praised and said after contacting Hengchao, "the head and horn of Yilong are complete. It's time to fly and fight for rain!"

Other personal information

Hengchao's scholarship is characterized by combining Confucianism and Taoism with Buddhist doctrines, paying special attention to integrity, disdaining fame and wealth, and maintaining an indifferent and detached mind. In 922, he came to Wudi County, Shandong Province. This place is adjacent to Zou Lu, the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. He felt very satisfied, so he kept Kaiyuan Temple in his county and set up another courtyard in the northeast corner of the temple to preach scriptures. He has lived together for more than 20 years, preaching and discussing classics for more than 30 times. His elegant demeanor and easy manner set a good example for the local monks. When speaking, he speaks slowly and gently, with simple words and natural attitude. He never scolds harshly or exaggerates deliberately. On the contrary, he is respected by Taoism and enjoys high prestige.

Previous official posts

The former state officials and envoys admired Hengchao's profound knowledge and noble personality and often visited the temple. But Hengchao didn't want to deal with these officials and dignitaries. He always let the waiter stand in the way, saying that he was busy talking and had no time to receive them. These noble people were shocked and annoyed when they were shut up. Hengchao never mind, always adhere to their own rules of life. For a long time, the dignitaries who were treated coldly had to admire Hengchao's noble integrity.

Students all over the world

Scholars between Qi and Lu often came not far away to discuss knowledge, and some even came to question Heng Chao's theory. For these people, no matter how busy Hengchao is, he should receive them warmly and discuss with them frankly. Visitors see Hengchao's extraordinary appearance, and then hear him talk about life, refer to the history of Zi, and prove Buddhism. They are all convinced. Hengchao sometimes answers the questions raised by the learners in the form of poems. For example, when someone asked him about Yinming, Hengchao wrote a poem in reply, which was admirable.

Character story

Hengchao's learning is getting better and better, and his name is getting better and better. There is a sheriff surnamed Li, who has always respected Hengchao's Gao Feng, and proposed to perform to the court. Please give Hengchao purple cassock as a token of honor. It turned out that the feudal society attached the most importance to the classification of grades, and even the clothing was strictly according to the grades, and different colors and shapes were adopted. Of all the colors, bright yellow is the most precious, which belongs to the emperor's exclusive use; purple is the most precious, followed by vermilion, followed by scarlet, white is the only color for common people, and soap is the only color for slaves. The family members were free from worldly affairs and could have ignored the feudal hierarchy. But the feudal rulers had to put their values into Buddhism, and Fang Wai Shizi could not get rid of the feudal hierarchy. He not only divided the strict hierarchy among the five monks, but also dragged the princes and ministers forward. As a result, in the northern and Southern Dynasties, the emperor had already given some monks and generals names and titles, and in the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian also gave them purple cassocks. From then on, those snobbish monks who were in the empty door and were eager for glory and profit dreamed of getting purple from the imperial court as a great honor. It was in this social custom background that the sheriff Li Gong volunteered for the honor of giving purple to Hengchao. I didn't expect that Hengchao was not that kind of popular monk. He regarded wealth as a floating cloud and avoided fame and wealth. When he heard Li Taishou's intention, he was shocked. Then he laughed. He picked up his pen and wrote a poem of Ming Zhi: "if you are an old man in brown clothes, you can't make a floating cup.". Vow to preach the scriptures on death, not to gain fame and life. I hate the trees to cover the mountains, but I pity the window to the moon. When he was with Fan Li, he lived in the Qing Dynasty.

High ambition

It expresses the ambition of dedicating to Tao and retiring after success. Hengchao sent someone to give the poem to Li Taishou. Li Taishou didn't give up after reading it. He sent someone to persuade Hengchao to express his willingness to accept the imperial grant. Hengchao was determined to say, "if I want to talk about it again, I'll have to stay away from the great wall of Lulong (north of xifengkou, Hebei Province today)" After hearing this, Li Taishou made a strike.

Social evaluation

Feng Dao, the prime minister, was a bureaucrat who ignored the rise and fall of the country and only kept his high official position. Since the late Tang Dynasty, the country has changed its surname again and again, but he is still in high position. People despise him, but he himself is not ashamed, but proud. When he heard the name of Hengchao, he came to talk about the same clan and establish relations. Heng Chao said to the messenger who sent the letter for Feng Dao: "I am a idle man. I gave up my parents early and vowed to practice. I just wanted to practice hard and go to Maitreya pure land, but I didn't expect that the name would spread to the prime minister. Please tell the prime minister that I dare not touch the light of the prime minister. Fame and wealth on earth are useless to me. " For fear of offending the prime minister, the disciples advised Hengchao to be more easygoing and at least deal with Feng Dao in face. Hengchao, against the public sentiment, had to write a reply to Feng Dao. Feng daodexin, more and more energetic, on the table to later Han Emperor Liu Zhiyuan, for Hengchao obtained a royal purple cassock. Hengchao received the purple cassock from the emperor. It was neither good nor bad to wear it, and it was against his own self-interest. He was depressed and could not afford to get sick. He died in our hospital in February of the second year of Qianyou (949) of the later Han Dynasty at the age of 73. During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there were many people who were engaged in wars, many people were in pursuit of fame and wealth, and few people were in full compliance. Hengchao is a monk, but he is able to preach with all his heart. He is a king of dung. He is a good example for the world. Finally, he became famous in the history of monks and warned later generations. Hengchao (Kaiyuan Temple, Dizhou, Han Dynasty), Volume 7 of biography of eminent monks of the Song Dynasty. The surname is Feng. Fan Yangren also. My grandfather is not an official. The world practices Confucianism and Taoism. The family is rich. He was born and intelligent. Live in the childish group, not greedy tease. In the 15th year of the year, he got six books in the morning, especially good at coquettishness. The new tone of the speech spreads the population. Suddenly one day, he was enlightened by reading Buddhist scriptures. He sighed. The metaphor of wealth in life. Only the real passengers can board and carry. So he went to Zhubi temple and became a folk. It is suggested that we should study day and night. But the teacher died. He also obeyed Shi's funeral rites. There is no slackness in keeping etiquette. The name of filial piety is the beauty of Yan people. In the third year of Liang Qianhua's reign, he went to Wutai Mountain to receive the wooden fork commandment. By Zhi you. Ask and think. The Russian chapter on logging. And meet with friends of others. It's a long way to seek a famous craftsman. Between the two rivers. The road is blocked before the soldiers are out. In the south is the ancestor of Liang. North is Zhuangzong. Before weight. It's a matter of survival. When it is. Beyond Wei Bo and Fen in this state. Learning the law of the great and small multiplication. Ji Qiben talks about meditation in Yongluo. The famous teachers of Liang and Song dynasties were isolated. Although the itinerary is not far away, it's not smooth, it's not perfect. You can see the name of Yifei. Therefore, it is the combination of the two. Both words and deeds are perfect, and there is a place for practice. When he saw Chao, he sighed. The head and horn of Yilong are complete. Waiting to fly, striving for rain. There are many such topics. In the second year of Longde's reign, he was born in Wudi. Chao said. This is a good neighbor in the old land of Qi. Then it stopped at the northeast corner of Kaiyuan Jialan. Zhi Yuan talks about various classics. More than 20 years of propaganda. More than 30 times each. The moral integrity is high and the action is slow. I have no fear of seeing it. The voice is not powerful, the language is not extravagant. come very naturally. And it's not the result of bullying. The envoys of the former and later prefectures. Xiang yuqinfeng is a famous doctor. The most important gift is to stop the boy. The speech is related to Guan Han, who was right. At the beginning, it had a certain height, but at the end, it was high. It's not far from Qilu to build a show. Make the door to question. When you see it, you can listen to it. Referring to the history of Confucius, we can prove the Pope. Or ask Yinming. Chao answered with a poem. The words are new, the reason is wonderful, and we all know that they are falling. At that time, Li Junsu, the prefect, attached great importance to Gao Feng. If you want to fly, give me purple clothes. Hearing of the astonishment, Chao ordered his writing to be a poetic cloud. Old in brown. Floating cup road is not successful. Death by oath. It's not good for fame. I hate trees to cover mountains. Pity the window to the moon. He is always on the move

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