better known as Mao Dun

Mao Dun

Mao Dun (July 4, 1896 - March 27, 1981), formerly known as Shen Dehong, was born in Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. His pen names are Mao Dun, Lang Shu, xuanzhu, Fangbi, Zhijing, Pulao, Weiming, Shen Zhongfang and Shen Mingfu. Chinese modern famous writers, literary critics, cultural activists and social activists.

Mao Dun was born in a family with novel ideas and received a new education from childhood. He was admitted to Peking University and worked in the commercial press after graduation. From then on, he embarked on the road of reforming Chinese literature and art. He was a pioneer of the new culture movement and one of the founders of Chinese revolutionary literature and art.

His representative works include the novel midnight, spring silkworm and the literary review night reading I Ji.

On March 14, 1981, Mao Dun donated 250000 yuan to set up the Mao Dun literature prize to encourage the creation of contemporary excellent novels.

Life of the characters

Character experience

Born in Wuzhen, Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province on July 4, 1896. In 1913, Mao Dun was admitted to the first class of preparatory course of Peking University. After graduating from the preparatory course, I worked in the commercial press. At the beginning of 1920, he presided over the editorial work of "novel trendy column" of "Novel Monthly". In November of the same year, Mao Dun officially took over the compilation of the novel monthly. In January 1921, he participated in the organization of the "Literary Research Association" to edit and reform the novel Yu Yue Bao. In July, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded and became a full member from the Shanghai Communist group. In 1923, he resigned as editor in chief of the novel monthly and transferred to work in the National Culture Department of the commercial press. In 1925, he was elected to attend the second National Congress of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou. In 1926, he worked in Guangzhou as secretary of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In March, he returned to Shanghai. In January 1927, he went to Wuhan as an instructor of Wuhan Branch of the central military and political school. In April, he was chief editor of the Republic of China Daily in Hankou. In July, it was not smooth from Wuhan to Nanchang, blocking Guling. In August, Nanchang Uprising failed, trying to get in touch with the party organization but not, and then lost contact with the party organization. In September, he published the novel disillusionment under the pseudonym of Mao Dun in Shanghai. In 1928, in January, he finished in June, and successively completed the creation of wavering and pursuing, namely the trilogy erosion. In July, he traveled to Japan, during which he wrote the novel Rainbow (unfinished) and from Guling to Tokyo. In 1929, his paper reading Ni Huanzhi was published. In April 1930, he returned to Shanghai. He soon joined the left wing writers' League of China. In 1931, he began to write midnight. In July 1932, he published Lin's shop. In November, spring silkworm was published. In 1933, midnight was officially published. From April to July, he created autumn harvest and last winter and published them. In 1935, the paper "a series of Chinese New Literature · a collection of novels · introduction" was published. In February 1937, Zhou Enlai came across him to resume contact with the party organization, but his identity as a party member was not clear. The national salvation daily and Nahuo (later renamed "beacon") started publication in Shanghai. At the end of the year, Shanghai fell and Mao Dun left for Changsha. In 1938, from January to February, he held activities in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Wuhan and other places. In March, the all China Association of literary and art circles against the enemy was established and elected as its director. In April, the literary front, edited by him, was first published in Guangzhou, and the Libao Yanlin, edited in Hong Kong. In December, at the invitation of Du Chongyuan, he went to Dihua, Xinjiang. In March 1939, he arrived in Xinjiang and taught in Xinjiang University. In April, the Xinjiang cultural association was established and elected chairman of the association. In 1940, he left Xinjiang at the end of April and arrived in Yan'an via Lanzhou and Xi'an. He gave lectures at Yan'an Lu Xun art and Literature College and Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region Cultural Association. In October, he arrived in Chongqing from Yan'an as a member of the Standing Committee of the Cultural Work Committee presided over by Guo Moruo. At this time, he completed the creation of excellent prose "landscape talk" and "praise of Poplar". In 1941, he left Chongqing for Hong Kong. In May, he served as the editorial board member of public life and began to write corrosion. In September, he edited Bi Tan, a semi monthly magazine with seven issues. In December, he left Hong Kong for Guilin. During his stay in Guilin, he wrote a long poem "frost leaves are as red as February flowers". At the end of 1942, he went to Chongqing again. In April 1945, he began to write the play "before and after Qingming". In June, the literary and art circles held a celebration meeting to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Mao Dun's creative activities, and initiated Mao Dun's literary and art prize essay solicitation. In 1946, he visited the Soviet Union. In April 1947, he returned to Shanghai. At the end of the year, I will go to Hong Kong again. In July 1948, he participated in the editorial work of the novel monthly, and in September, he edited Wen Wei Po · literary weekly. At the end of the year, he left Hong Kong. in February 1949, it reached Peking. In July, he was elected vice chairman of the Chinese Federation of literary and art circles and chairman of the Chinese writers' Association (later changed to the Chinese writers' Association). In October, he served as Minister of culture of the Central People's government and chief editor of people's literature. In January 1951, he was elected a member of the world peace council. in January 1958, he began to write the night reading diary. In March, the first volume of Mao Dun's collected works was published by people's Literature Publishing House. In 1961, ten volumes of Mao Dun's collected works were published. In the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Dun always stood with the party and the revolutionary people. on March 27, 1981, he died in Beijing. On March 31, the CPC Central Committee decided to resume Mao Dun's membership in the Communist Party of China at the request of Mao Dun's life. The party's age began in 1921. from 1984 to 1997, people's Literature Publishing House published 38 volumes of complete works of Mao Dun.

Love and marriage

Mao Dun and his wife, Kong Dezhen, have been engaged since childhood. In the Spring Festival of 1916, Mao Dun returned to his hometown from Shanghai and got married to Kong Dezhen. Since then, they have been together. Mao Dun concentrates on his career, while Kong Dezhen takes care of his life. Until 1928, when Mao Dun went to Japan, a female student named Qin Dejun accompanied him. Because they both came to a strange place alone, they had a close relationship and had feelings. In this case, Mao Dun and Qin Dejun lived together. When the news reached Shanghai, Kong did not believe it at first, but after it was confirmed, he burst into tears. Her mother-in-law advised her: "Mao Dun will change his mind." Sure enough, in 1930, Mao Dun and Qin Dejun returned to Shanghai together and broke up. After liberation, Mao Dun became the first minister of culture of new China. Kong Dezhen devoted himself to housework, while Mao Dun devoted himself to work. After the beginning of the cultural revolution, Mao Dun was copied from his home. Kong Dezhen is worried about this disaster, which makes her diabetes relapse. Mao Dun, in his 70s, took care of her with him. In the early morning of January 29th, 1970, Kong died in the hospital due to ineffective medical treatment. Since then, the two ended their 44 year marriage. From then on, yin and Yang separated and Mao Dun died in 1981.

Anecdotes of characters

Aspire to the swan

At the age of 8, Mao Dun went to Lizhi primary school in Wuzhen. Later, he transferred to Zhicai senior primary school and became the first class student of the school. In school, Mao Dun's subjects are among the best, especially his composition is excellent. Influenced by his parents, Mao Dun cherished the world at a very young age. At the age of 12, Mao Dun wrote his lifelong pursuit and belief in the composition of the HKCEE: "a man should take the world as his duty.". Encouraged by his parents, 13-year-old Mao Dun stepped on the train to Huzhou and began his middle school life. Once, the homework assigned by my husband was writing on my own topic, and many students were at a loss. However, Mao Dun drew lessons from the moral of Zhuangzi's xiaoyaoyou and wrote a five or six hundred character article "aspiring to the swan". The article describes a big bird flying high in the air, laughing at the hunter who looks up but has no choice. Mao Dun showed his youth ambition by describing the big bird. Moreover, the title of the article coincides with the name of Mao Dun, Dehong, which is vivid and vivid, so it is used to express one's own feelings. Mr. Wang was very appreciative and praised him as "a writer in the future".

Scribble

In the summer of 1913, Mao Dun graduated from middle school and applied for the first class of Peking University. He thought he had done well in the exam, so he went home to wait for the news. Unexpectedly, there was no Shen Dehong's name when the list was published. Mao Dun was very disappointed. But soon, he unexpectedly received the admission notice from Peking University, which was written by Shen Deming. Mao Dun rushed to the registration office to look up the list of newspapers and found that when he filled in the list, he scribbled the word "Hong" like "Ming". This event touched him a lot. From then on, he wrote every stroke in a correct way. He never wrote his memoirs rashly until he was over 80 years old. He also wrote in block letters with a writing brush. His handwriting was clear and beautiful.

Denounce the editor

Mao Dun has always been gentle, but he was sometimes provoked to anger. In 1978, the new edition of the national general textbook was revised, which included Mao Dun's prose on scenery. The compilation team sent the revised textbook layout to Mao Dun for reference. Mao Dun found that his 3500 word essay had been revised more than 100 times. In response, Mao Dun was extremely angry and immediately replied a letter to the writing team: "you have changed words and sentences, and added words and sentences in hundreds of places. I don't know why it is necessary. Maybe you think how to write an article, there is a set of norms, not your norms, you have to change. So, why choose the writer's article as a textbook? Every writer has his own style. It's too easy for you to do this

Chinese PinYin : Shen Yan Bing