Xu Yongyi

Xu Yongyi

Xu Yongyi (October 22, 1826 - August 11, 1900), a native of Haiyan, Zhejiang Province, was named Jifu and Xiaoyun. He was a famous official in the late Qing Dynasty.

In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859) of the Qing Dynasty, there were many people. Tongzhi first year (1862) for military aircraft Zhangjing. The next year, he served as prime minister and walked in the Yamen of national affairs. Guangxu three years (1877) for Taipusi Shaoqing, moved to Dali Temple Qing. In his book "rectifying the Yuan Law", he put forward the suggestion of rectifying the money law. For 20 years, he was Minister of military aircraft. In that year, the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895 broke out. Xu Yongyi, Li Hongzhang, sun Yuwen, etc. agreed with each other and advocated peace. In conflict with Weng Tonghe, the main fighting faction, Xu Yongyi was impeached as "Peng Bi's loss of the country" and withdrew from the military aircraft office and the premier's national affairs office.

Guangxu 24 years (1898) was ordered to be prime minister again, national affairs yamen walk, and served as vice president of the hall. Later, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war.

Later, it was contrary to the opinions of Aixinjueluo Zaiyi and others who advocated the use of boxers to exclude foreign affairs, which attracted more hatred from Cixi and others. In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1900), he was beheaded in Caishikou, Beijing, together with Lishan, Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, and Lian Yuan, a cabinet bachelor. He was also known as the "five ministers of gengzi who were killed" with Yuan Chang and Xu Jingcheng. After the xinchou treaty was signed, Emperor Guangxu issued an imperial edict to rehabilitate him. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he was named Zhongshu. He was buried in shaowan, Shupu (now Liuli township). Zhejiang people set up an ancestral hall for him in the West Lake, which is called "Sanzhong" together with Xu Jingcheng and Yuan Chang.

Xu Yongyi once compiled Haiyan County annals for publication, and wrote zhuyinlu Shicun, etc.

Life of the characters

Stepping into official career

Xu Yongyi was born on September 22nd, 1826, and passed the Shuntian rural examination in 1859. In the early years of Tongzhi, he served as Zhang Jing, a military aircraft, and worked part-time in the premier's national affairs office. After the rise of Honglu Temple Shaoqing. In 1877, he served as Shaoqing of Taipu temple and was promoted to Dali temple. As in the past, he was in charge of the military aircraft department. Later, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of work, and served as Minister of the national affairs yamen of the prime minister. He successively served as Minister of the Ministry of war and Minister of the Ministry of civil affairs, and was finally appointed Minister of military aircraft. In his book "rectifying the Yuan Law", he put forward the suggestion of rectifying the money law.

Ups and downs of official life

In the first month of the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), he was granted the title of Prince Shaobao. At that time, on the eve of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the whole court was debating whether to make peace or to fight. After sun Yuwen, the principal Minister of the peace party, was impeached and dismissed, Weng Tonghe took over. Weng Tonghe was the principal of the war party and had a conflict with Xu Yongyi of the peace party when discussing political affairs. Xu Yongyi was expelled from the court and dismissed from all official posts. In 1898, after the 1898 coup, Empress Dowager Cixi was in power again, and Xu Yongyi returned to his post and recommended Yuan Chang, the Minister of Taichang temple. Just as Xu Jingcheng returned to the capital, they were both ordered to work with Xu Yongyi in the premier's national affairs office. Xu Yongyi was also the vice president of Huidian hall. In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), he was transferred to zuodu imperial censor of duchayuan and served as Minister of the Ministry of war.

Gengzi Wuzhong

In 1900, the Boxer Movement rose. It was Emperor Guangxu who first promoted the 100 day reform and new deal, which was approved by both China and foreign countries, but there was no candidate for the crown prince (Emperor Guangxu had no children). When Duan Wang Zaiyi came to power, he wanted to abolish Emperor Guangxu, but he was afraid of foreigners' opposition. He heard that Yihetuan's "boxers" had magical power and hated western religion. He wanted to help suppress foreigners and call them into Beijing. As a result, Yihetuan was protected by the government and grew stronger. Xu Yongyi proposed to strictly ban the Boxer Movement, but it was not accepted. After klinder, the German imperial minister, was killed, Xu Yongyi said with fear: "this is the beginning of the disaster!" He also advised Prince Yizhe to bury clinde. Later, the warships of various countries arrived in Jingu, and the imperial court called together the officials to discuss whether it was peace or war. Xu Yongyi, Xu Jingcheng, Yuan Chang, the minister Lishan, and the cabinet scholar Lian Yuan wrote together, saying: "traitors should not be allowed to indulge, and foreign quarrels should not be provoked." He believed that it was necessary to strictly show off the boxers of Yihe who caused the trouble and negotiate peace with the Allied forces of the eight countries. However, Zaiyi and others were very powerful, and the court ministers accepted the idea. Xu Yongyi was ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi to go to the embassy to discuss the issue of delaying the troops, which was regarded as treacherous by the main war faction. On July 29, Xu Jingcheng and Yuan Changxian were killed. Xu Yongyi knew that they were going to be killed, but she was still at ease. On August 11, Xu Yongyi was arrested and sent to the residence of Zhuang Wang Zaixun. Xu Yongyi did not refute, but said: "when disaster comes, what about death?" Together with Lishan and Lianyuan, they were executed at the entrance of the vegetable market. Three days later, the Allied forces entered Beijing, while Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu left the capital in the West.

Zhaoxue after death

Cixi regretted that she did not listen to Xu Yongyi and other people's words, which led to such a huge loss. In December of the same year, Emperor Guangxu issued an imperial edict to rehabilitate Xu Yongyi and other five ministers and restore their old official names. Xuantong first year (1909), the posthumous title "Zhongmin.". Zhejiang people set up a ancestral hall for him in the West Lake, which is called "three loyalties" together with Xu Jingcheng and Yuan Chang.

Anecdotes and allusions

Funding Zhang Yuanji

After the 1898 coup, the reform movement failed, and Zhang Yuanji, the premier's national affairs yamen, who actively advocated the reform, was dismissed and never used. At that time, Zhang Yuanji was 31 years old, so he left Beijing with his family. This was the most difficult time in his life. Before leaving, Xu Yongyi, then 72, presented two hundred liang of silver. This money solved the cost of Zhang Yuanji's family's moving to Shanghai. Zhang Yuanji always thought about it in his later years.

Compilation of county annals

In 1876, Xu Yongyi and Ding you wrote 22 volumes of Haiyan County annals (compiled together with Wang Bin, magistrate of Haiyan County), including the first volume and the last volume. There are still many copies. Today, both the mainland and Taiwan have published their local records photocopies. Xu Yongyi said in his preface: "the book is composed of charts, examination records and biographies, and has four volumes. Five tests: the first place is the place of divination, the second place is food and goods, the second place is Tusi, the second place is money, the second place is ceremony, the second place is wealth, the second place is military, the second place is auspicious and different, the third place is the change of heaven. In the geographical survey, water conservancy and seawall are closely related to the interests of the city. After the tour, the common people know how important it is. " This Guangxu version of Haiyan County annals has rich and accurate information, almost including all aspects of Haiyan County information before the Qing Dynasty.

Historical evaluation

The draft of Qing Dynasty history: in Qing Dynasty, it was rare to punish the courtiers. Is it not the emperor's will to be loyal and admonished when the disaster of boxing arises? How ignorant is it that you can't return to the truth when you look at the power and interests of the things you have discussed? It's a great festival passed down from generation to generation, and it's called "Wuzhong". In a few days, it's Zhaoxue! Yan Fu: he is good at fighting and good at defeating, but he is good at fighting and good at defeating. He discusses the court's tactics; he is worried about the humiliation of his subjects, and he humiliates his subjects to death. Zhu Fushen: Hoo Hoo! The death of the Duke is more important than that of Mount Tai. It was announced by the imperial edict, and the literati and bureaucrats wept when they heard it. They mourned whether they knew it or not, and Lingyu moved southward. There were sacrifices along the way from the capital to the countryside. Chinese and foreign visitors wept at the sight of xiantaixi. Their loyalty and righteousness were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Life, glory and death, in the public should be no regrets, but the public out of silence, the so-called gentleman's way, how can also die. Only Fu Shen knows the most. He has something that others can't say. He can be silent in Shen Wu! When the Duke was in the Privy Council in the eastern part of the Jiawu period, the main fighters rose, and the rate was all concentrated in Jining. Yang Yiming: the green pool reflects idle clouds all day long, the stone beast is desolate, and the grass is fresh. The old minister who died unjustly was promoted, and the holy grace was given to the minister's tomb.

Tomb site

Xu Yongyi's tomb is a large-scale ancient tomb in Haiyan County, with the full name of "Xu Yongyi's Tomb of Shang Shuzhong, Prince Shaobao's military department". Covering an area of about 1500 square meters, it is grand in shape and solemn in weather. On the central axis, there are tomb path, Huabiao, stone memorial archway, stone pavilion, banyuechi, sacrificial archway, tomb house, stone beast, shiwengzhong, sacrificial table, tombstone, tomb, etc. "Imperial edict" is written on the stone archway, and the couplets on the stone pillars on both sides are "Hongji, a difficult minister, takes the opportunity to frame shengxinzhi".

Chinese PinYin : Xu Yong Yi