Xu Wei
Xu Wei
Xu Wei (March 12, 1521-1593), Han nationality, was born in Shanyin, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. At the beginning, it was named Wenqing, but later it was changed to Wenchang. It was named old man of sinomeni, Taoist of sinomeni, tianchisheng, tianchishan people, Tianchi Yuyin, Jinlei, Jinhui mountain people, Shanyin Buyi, Baiyishan people, ebeishannong, tiandanshui and tianshuiyue. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, he was a writer, painter, dramatist and militarist.
Xu Wei once served as an aide to Hu Zongxian, helping him capture Xu Hai and lure Wang Zhi. After Hu Zongxian was put into prison, Xu Wei committed suicide nine times but did not die. Later, he was sentenced to death for killing his stepwife. After seven years in prison, he was rescued by Zhang yuanbian and other friends. After that, he traveled to Jinling in the South and to the valley in the north. In his later years, he suffered from poverty and illness, and thousands of volumes of books were sold out. He called himself a "Southern tune and Northern tune" and died in 1593.
Xu Wei is versatile, and he is unique in poetry, drama, calligraphy and painting. Together with Xie Jin and Yang Shen, he is known as the "three talents of Ming Dynasty". He is the founder of China's "great ink impressionistic painting school", and the founder of "sinomenine painting school". His paintings can absorb the essence of the past and reappear without any resemblance to the spirit. The landscape, figures, flowers and birds and bamboo stones have no jobs, and flowers are the best. They create a generation of painting styles, which greatly influence later painting circles (such as the eight great mountain people, Shi Tao, Yangzhou eight weird, etc.). He is known as "a talented person of the Ming Dynasty"; he can play the piano and is familiar with the music; he loves opera, and his "Naru of nanci" is the first theoretical monograph on Nanxi in China. In addition, the Zaju Si Sheng ape, Ge Dai Xiao and anthology are handed down.
Life of the characters
It's early to be famous
Xu Wei was born on the 4th of February, the 16th year of Zhengde reign of Ming emperor Wuzong (March 12, 1521) in a declining family in the east of Mahayana an, Guanqiao, Shanyin County, Shaoxing. His father Xu was a former Tongzhi of Kuizhou prefecture (now Chongqing). Xu's original mate, the Tong family, gave birth to two sons, Xu Huai and Xu Lu. Xu Wei was born when he was a concubine in his later years. Xu Wei was raised by his mother, Mrs. Miao. One hundred days after Xu Wei was born, he died. At the age of ten, Xu Wei's biological mother was expelled from the family by the Miao family, and his flesh and blood were separated, which was quite exciting for him. When Xu Wei was 14 years old, Mrs. Miao died. Xu Wei lived with his elder brother Xu Huai. They are more than 30 years old apart and lack brotherhood. They don't get along very well.
Xu Wei was not loved by his parents when he was a teenager, so he had a low status in his family life and a sense of dependence. However, he was extremely intelligent and quick in writing. He studied at the age of six and could write at the age of nine. When he was in his teens, he imitated Yang Xiong's jieji and wrote Shikui, which is well-known. Local gentlemen called him a child prodigy, and compared him with Yang Xiu in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Liu Yan in the Tang Dynasty. In the coldness of the world, Xu Wei has formed a character of being both proud and depressed.
When Xu Wei became an adult, he was "handsome, fat and white, and his voice was as loud as a crane". He often roared in the middle of the night to vent his indignation. His poems reveal his mind freely and are extremely arrogant, with a sense of uninhibited beyond the ages. In 1541, 21-year-old Xu Wei joined the pan family, a wealthy family in Shaoxing, and accompanied his father-in-law, pan kejing, to Yangjiang (now in Guangdong), where he was an official. He helped to handle official documents and began to understand the situation of officialdom. Soon, he returned to Shanyin to take part in the local examination, and traveled between Zhejiang and Guangdong.
On the way to and from Zhejiang and Guangdong, Xu Wei also ascended Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang and visited Guanyin cave in Meiling. Along the way, he recited poems and Fu Ci, which showed the optimistic emotion rarely seen in his life. He also formed a literary society with Shen Lian, Xiao Mian, Chen he and Liu Wen, who were called "ten sons of Yue Zhong". In the activities of making friends, Xu Wei turned to learn from others, and his accomplishment of literature and art improved rapidly. Shen Lian once praised him and said, "this is the only one (Xu Wei) who closes the gate."
Ill fated
Xu Wei was famous for his talent when he was young, but he suffered many setbacks on the road of imperial examination. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), at the age of 20, he was admitted as a scholar. After that, Xu Wei took the Shaoxing provincial examination twice. Until he was 41 years old, after eight examinations, he failed to win. In addition, at the age of 25, the Xu family's property was seized by the gentry and rogues, and their real estate and countryside were gone. At the age of 26, his wife pan fell ill again and died early. Xu Wei was at a loss because his family was broken and his reputation was not high. In order to make a living, he left his hometown and came to Taicang (now Jiangsu Province), but he had no idea and had to return in vain.
In the 27th year of Jiajing (1548), Xu Wei opened "yizhitang" to recruit students, teach private schools to make a living, and began to follow Ji Ben and Wang Ji to study Wang Shouren's theory. The next year, regardless of worldly prejudice, Xu Wei took his mother back to his home.
At the same time, Xu Wei was very concerned about the political situation. In the autumn of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), anda, the leader of Mongolia, led the army to plunder Beijing, which is known as "the change of gengxu". After hearing this news, Xu Wei was filled with righteous indignation, wrote today's song and Er Ma Shi, and denounced Yan Song, the Minister of power, for his country's failure.
In 1552, Xu Wei took the first examination of the middle school entrance examination, and was appreciated by Xue Yingqi, the Deputy envoy of Zhejiang Province. He ranked first and was added as the county student. But in the re examination, Xu Wei has not yet won.
From military to prison
In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), the Japanese invaders invaded the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Shaoxing became a beacon. Xu Wei, who was good at military parade, took part in the battles in keting, Gaobu and nichan, and gave advice, which initially showed his military ability. At this time, Xu Wei attracted the attention of Zhejiang governor Hu Zongxian.
Hu Zongxian, who was promoted to governor of Zhejiang and Fujian in the winter of 1558, admired Xu Wei's talent. After many times of mutual invitation, Hu Zongxian finally recruited Xu Wei to serve as his staff.
At the beginning of the curtain, Xu Wei created the watch of entering the white deer for Hu Zongxian, which was appreciated by Zhu Houfu, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. Since then, Hu Zongxian has been more dependent on him.
Xu Wei was dissatisfied with Hu Zongxian's dependence on Yan Song, but admired Hu Zongxian's courage to resist Japanese aggression and his trust in himself. After some hesitation, Xu Wei entered the governor's office.
Since then, Xu Wei moved to Ningbo, Hangzhou, Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang) and Chongan with the governor's office. He "knew his troops and was curious about his plans" to help Hu Zongxian capture Xu Hai, the leader of Japanese pirates, and appease Wang Zhi, a pirate.
In 1562, Yan Song was removed from office and Xu Jie was appointed as the first assistant of the cabinet. Under the instigation of Xu Jie, Hu Zongxian was impeached and arrested to Beijing the next year (later, he was dismissed for his meritorious service in pacifying the Japanese), so Xu Wei left the governor's office.
In 1563, Xu Wei went to the capital at the invitation of Li Chunfang, Minister of rites. The next year, because of his incompatibility with Li Chunfang, he left for his hometown. Unexpectedly, Li Chunfang could not tolerate Xu Wei's resignation and threatened Xu Wei to return to his family. Xu Wei had to go back to Beijing and ask his old friend to say something before he settled the matter.
In 1565, Hu Zongxian was arrested again and died in prison. Several of his former staff were also implicated. Xu Wei was a bit extreme in nature. Because he failed in the exam for many years, and he was very unhappy in spirit, he was deeply distressed that Hu Zongxian had been trapped and died. He was even worried that he would be persecuted, so he was completely disappointed in his life and even went crazy. He wrote an indignant epitaph for himself, then pulled out the iron nail on the pilaster and hit it into his ear, bleeding like a burst, and recovered after several months of treatment. After that, he hit the renal capsule with vertebra, but he didn't die. So repeated attacks, repeated suicide as many as nine times.
In 1566, Xu Wei was killed for suspecting his stepwife Zhang's infidelity during another attack of mania. Therefore, he was put in prison and served seven years in prison. In prison, Xu Wei completed the annotation of Zhou Yi can Tong Qi, trying to figure out the art of calligraphy and painting. Xu Wei had been in prison for seven years, but only got out of prison for a short time when his mother died in 1568.
After Xu Wei was put into prison, his friends gave him help one after another. Among them, Zhu dashou, the Minister of rites, and Zhang yuanbian (the great grandfather of Zhang Dai, a famous essayist in the late Ming Dynasty) were the most powerful helpers. They were all close friends of Xu Wei, and they all came from the number one scholar. With the help of these friends, Xu Wei was finally released on the occasion of Zhu Yijun's accession to the throne. This is the first year of Wanli (1573), when Xu Wei was 53 years old.
In the third year of Wanli (1575), Xu Wei took part in the compilation of Kuaiji county annals presided over by Zhang yuanbian.
Poor old age
After his release from prison, Xu Wei first visited Hangzhou, Nanjing and Fuchunjiang. He recovered slightly and made many friends of poetry and painting. In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), Wu Dui, a friend of Xu Wei's youth who had already taken on the important task of northern border defense, invited him to go north, and he went to Xuanhua prefecture to serve as an official. Xu Wei had been in Xuanfu for less than a year, but he left many poems describing the scenery, folk customs and military life in the north. In his preface to many officials, he likes to discuss political affairs, especially the strategy of border defense.
In the early years of Ming Shenzong's accession to the throne, Zhang Juzheng, a cabinet minister, presided over the state affairs. Zhang Juzheng's policy of pacifying Mongolia was appreciated by Xu Wei. After Qi Jiguang's introduction, he went to Liaodong to find Li Chengliang, teach his son Li Rusong's art of war, and met the third wife of the Mongolian leader anda. Although Xu Wei was respected by Wu DUI and others, due to his poor health, he had to go back to his hometown Shaoxing by Beijing in the next spring to annotate Guo Pu's burial book.
When Xu Wei was 60 years old, he was invited by his good friend Zhang yuanbian
Chinese PinYin : Xu Wei
Xu Wei
