Xu Guang

Xu Guang

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Xu Guang (352-425) was born in the eighth year of Yonghe, Emperor mu of Jin Dynasty, and died in the second year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, aged 74. Xu Miao's younger brother.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Xu Guang, a native of Kumu, Dongguan, has been fond of reading for generations. By Xu Guangshi, the research was particularly profound. All the schools of thought and the number of yin and Yang skills have been studied.

Xie Xuan was the governor of this prefecture, and Xu Guangwei was employed as the governor of Western Cao. He joined the army in the north of simatian town as king Qiao. Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty appointed Xu Guangbo as his secretary because he had many talents. He collated books in the secret Pavilion and added assistant officials to him. When he was transferred to be a member of the court, he was still studying.

Office in the imperial court

During the reign of Long'an, the minister ordered Wang Xun to recommend him as the Minister of ancestral temple.

Sima Yuanxian, the son of King Kuaiji, wanted to ask all the officials in the court to pay homage to him. Xu Guang suggested that both the internal and external ministers should observe the etiquette of their subordinates and pay homage to Sima Yuanxian. Xu Guang is often filled with remorse. Sima yuan recommended him to join the central army and moved to the post of commander Shi.

Huan Xuan assisted the Jin Dynasty and used Xu Guang as a literary sacrificial wine.

Compiling books

In the early years of Yixi's reign, Liu Yu asked him to write notes on chariots and costumes, so he was appointed as a counsellor of the town army, a member of the army and a recorder. He was named the fifth Marquis of Lecheng county. Then he was transferred to be a member of the court, a regular official and a writer.

In the second year of Yixi reign (406), Shangshu said: "my ministers heard that the left historiographer recorded words and the right historiographer recorded things. Cheng, Zhi and other books are famous in the state of Jin and Zheng, and Yangqiu is famous in the state of Lu. Since the establishment of the royal family, the literary and moral atmosphere and the imperial books and records of the Jin Dynasty have flourished in the history books. And from Taihe below, has experienced three emperors, romantic Daoyun sages deeds, almost into ancient history. We, these people, have discussed that we should ask the author to write the history of the country. " The imperial edict said: "the great virtues of the first dynasty were widely spread, but they were not written in the historical books. They should be written down and left to later generations forever. You can ask Xu Guang to write them."

In the sixth year of the reign of Yixi (410), Xu Guang served as a regular official of Sanqi, and then as a regular official of dazhongzheng in Xuzhou. Xu Guang went on to take the post of grand silon. His concurrent work is still the same.

In the 12th year of the reign of Yixi (416), Jin Ji was successfully written in 46 volumes. Xu Guangshang presented himself to the imperial court, while he moved to the post of Secretary Supervisor.

At the beginning, Huan Xuan usurped the throne and Jin'an emperor moved out of the palace. Xu Guangpei was very sad at the same time and deeply moved the people around him.

Being an official in the Song Dynasty

Gaozu Liu Yu accepted the abdication of Jin'an emperor. When Jin Gong abdicated, Xu Guang was very sad and tearful. Seeing this, Xie Hui said, "Mr. Xu, this is a little too much." Xu Guang stopped his tears and replied, "unlike you, you are the new emperor's hero. You have a good chance for thousands of years. I have been greatly favored by the Jin Dynasty, and I am really attached to the old master." So more sad exclamation.

In the first year of Yongchu (420), Emperor Gao issued an imperial edict, saying: "Secretary Supervisor Xu Guang is knowledgeable and simple in character. He is respectful and serious in his tenure, and can be appointed as a doctor of zhongsan."

Good at learning

Xu Guang on the table refused, the request was Gaozu agreed. Give him a lot of material. Xu Guang has always been a studious man, and he never let go of it when he was old.

In 425, Xu Guang died at the age of 74. He wrote more than 100 answers to questions, which are still being used today.

Character evaluation

Liu Yu: Secretary Supervisor Xu Guang is knowledgeable and simple in character

Main achievements

Hail damage

There were strong winds and hail at that time. Xu Guang wrote a letter to Gaozu, saying: "wind and hail are not necessarily natural disasters. Ancient sages always cultivate virtue because of fear. This is actually a way to revitalize politics and prosper the imperial court. I used to work for your subordinates, and your deep kindness has never been forgotten. I hope to do my best, so I speak frankly. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty's uprising, Shenwu Superman was obedient to the people and quickly pacified the rebellion. He is modest and prudent, thrifty and simple, and works hard day and night, so that the people can quickly restore stability, and the effect is remarkable. Recently, there have been a lot of affairs and achievements. Some people's contributions are not easy to be recorded. There are thousands of national policies. Naturally, it is difficult to solve all kinds of miscellaneous problems at once. Some of the decrees were too detailed, and the officials in the court were afraid. There is a lot of grain and the price is very low, but the character of the people has not changed. On the contrary, thieves often appear and robberies occur from time to time. It's really because it's not easy to change the bad customs, and it's not easy to eliminate the resentment of some people. Recalling the early years of Yixi, it's different from now. Why? Love stability is the nature of the people, accustomed to tradition, hate heresy, is the common ground of human nature. In short, rewards and punishments should conform to the people's feelings, praise and criticism, and obey the people's hearts. Then the court and the people will be safe, and the public's reputation will be even higher. My opinion has no deep meaning. I just hope that the Duke of Ming will quietly realize my loyalty. "

On the list of official posts

Xu Guangshang said: "I am old and weak. I am always absent from pilgrimage. Living in the capital will only increase my laziness. My family's ancestral tomb is in Jinling, and I grew up in Jingkou. I often remember my old days. Recalling those years often moved me deeply in my old age. My son, Xu daoxuan, is not very talented, but he has received the favor of the emperor and is working as a county magistrate in Jingkou. I ask to accompany him there and return to his hometown for the aged. If my mind can be realized, there will be no resentment even if I die. "

Organize the collection of books

Diligent learning, erudite, a hundred mathematicians, all of them can learn from each other. Emperor Xiaowu (after 373 years), with his erudition, except for secretary Lang. In the first year of Ningkang, there were four books, 3600 volumes. In addition, the staff of the national library will be added to strengthen the power of proofreading and sorting. When the official came to the court, he rode on the wailang. He still received the school books as before, which were collected by the Secretary province. At the beginning of the reign of Yixi, he became a Marquis of music and received his works. He was ordered to write "national history" and "notes on chariots and costumes". During this period, he presided over the compilation of the catalogue of the four secret pavilions in the fourth year of the reign of Jin Yixi, which was the general catalogue of national books in this period. It has been lost. In the 12th year of the reign of Yixi (416), it was compiled into 46 volumes of Jin Ji, which has been lost. From the official to the secretary. Liu Yu usurped the Jin Dynasty to change the Song Dynasty, and he resigned and returned home. He has 5 volumes of anthology and 12 volumes of historical records. All are lost.

Anecdotes and allusions

After the death of Empress Dowager Li, Xu Guang talked about mourning and said, "the Empress Dowager is Zhongzheng, the emperor's biological father and grandmother. Yangqiu holds that the mother is honored because of her son. Since it is called Lady, the dress should be treated as a formal queen, so the name of lady in Chengfeng was written, and Wengong was filial to her for three years. Sun Tzu is close to his father's biological mother and has deep affection. Besides, respecting grandparents does not oppress grandchildren. Originally, filial piety should not be compromised, but due to the situation, the rules of etiquette. If you think that there is no express provision before, then you should choose the one with heavy ceremony. It should belong to the descendants of a grandmother who have been filial to her for three years. " At that time, the Court adopted his proposal.

Personal works

Xu Guang's Jin Ji (45 volumes) is the reference material of Jin Shu. By the time of the Anshi rebellion, as the main blueprint for the compilation of "Yushi" Jin Shu, Zang Rongxu's "Jin Shu" was missing, and the remaining 22 Jin history books (including Xu Guang's "Jin Ji" 45 volumes) were also missing. He also wrote "answering questions" and so on.

Historical records

The 15th biography of Volume 55 of the Song Dynasty

Family members

Father: Xu Zao, the water messenger of guanzhidu.

Elder brother: Xu Miao, the crown prince, is an avant-garde commander.

Chinese PinYin : Xu Guang