Qiao Dazhuang

Qiao Dazhuang

Qiao Dazhuang (January 16, 1892 - July 3, 1948) was a modern poet and seal cutter. Its original name was Zeng Zhe, and its character was big and strong. It was a line with its character, and it was called the Bo Wai Ju Shi. Sichuan Huayang county (now Shuangliu County) people. At the end of Qing Dynasty, he studied in Beijing CI Academy. In 1927, he went to Nanchang as secretary of Zhou Enlai. In 1935, he was a professor of Art Department of Central University. He has served as a professor of CI studies in the normal college of Chongqing Central University, Secretary of the Ministry of economy of the national government, counsellor of the Ministry of military training, counsellor of the Academy of supervision, and professor of Chinese Department of Taiwan University. Later, he was deeply stimulated by the assassination of his good friend Xu shoushang and sank under the maple bridge in Suzhou.

Profile

His grandfather Qiao Maoxuan had a reputation in the Qing Dynasty and collected the corpses of the Six Gentlemen in 1898. He went to Beijing Normal University (Peking University) to study classics, history, poetry and prose. He went back to the translation school and learned French. His tutor Gu Hongming called him a generalist. Besides Buddhist scriptures, he is good at writing poems. He studied Yu Shinan in his early years in calligraphy and took seal cutting in Qin and Han Dynasties as the method. You gong relies on the voice, and Tang Guizhang praised it as "a flying general in the CI world".

In 1915, he served as the Commissioner of the book examination and approval Office of the Ministry of education. In 1927, he went to Nanchang as secretary of Zhou Enlai. In 1935, he was a professor of Art Department of Central University. Later, he served as professor of Ci in Normal College of Chongqing Central University, Secretary of the Ministry of economy of the national government, counsellor of the Ministry of military training and counsellor of the Academy of supervision. In 1947, he was recommended by Xu shoushang, the head of the Chinese Department of the school of Arts of Taiwan University, and became a professor of the Chinese Department of Taiwan University. On February 19, 1948, Xu shoushang was killed in Taipei. He succeeded as the head of the Department and was dismissed for refusing to suppress the student movement, so he returned to Nanjing. On July 3, he drowned himself in Fengqiao, Suzhou. He is the author of "the movement of Bo Wailou", "the poetry collection of Bo Wailou", "the seal collection of Qiao Dazhuang" and "the calligraphy collection of Qiao Dazhuang". Huang Mogu compiled "Mr. Qiao Dazhuang criticizes Zhou Bangyan's Pianyu Ci" and so on.

Life story

Qiao Dazhuang's name may be strange to contemporary people. However, more than 50 years ago, he was a famous scholar, poet, calligrapher and seal cutter. He was praised by the world for his "patriotism and love of the people, for his concern for the country and the people, and for his indignation for the world".

Qiao Dazhuang, known as Zeng Zhe, is a strong man and laborer in the Department. In the evening, he was named Zhuang Weng and his room was named Bo Wailou. Sichuan Huayang (now Chengdu Shuangliu County) people. Born in 1892. Qiao's family has a long history of popularity in Shu. Qiao Dazhuang's grandfather served as the censor of Jiangnan Road during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. He was famous for the Qing government's efforts to redress the injustice of killing more than 2000 Liangmin in the "Huangya Massacre" in Shandong Province. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he took part in the reform of Kang and Liang Wei. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, the six gentlemen were killed, and they fought for justice. Liu Guangdi and Yang Rui, who were from Sichuan, were buried in the capital. Tan Sitong, a martyr, wrote a poem on the wall: "if you want to stop at the gate and think about Zhang Jian, you have to treat Du Gen with mercy to endure death. He also copied and spread the famous poem "Kunlun".

Qiao Dazhuang's father died early when he was young, that is, he was raised and supervised by his grandfather. Therefore, Qi Hui was very early, inherited his family background, and was deeply influenced by his grandfather's ideological and moral sentiment. When he was young, he was taught by Mingsu in Chengdu, Gu Yinyu, a former aide of Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, and later a general judge of Wuchang. He had laid a solid foundation in classics, history, primary school, scholars, literature and calligraphy. When western learning spread to the East, Qiao Dazhuang was admitted to the Beijing translation school (the predecessor of Peking University), specializing in French until he graduated. At this time, Qiao Dazhuang had won the praise of Zhu xiaozang and Gu Hongming. In the 1920s, he cooperated with Xu bingchang to translate the famous Polish writer xiankeweizhi's "where are you going?"? 》, published by the commercial press.

In the early period of the Republic of China, Qiao Dazhuang was the editor of the Ministry of education. He worked with Mr. Lu Xun, who was the minister at that time. Lu Xun was good at the study of inscriptions. At that time, Beijing was a place where famous calligraphers gathered. However, he asked Qiao Dazhuang, 11 years younger than himself, to write his own Lisao couplet: "don't be forced when you look at it, for fear that you will sing first". Today, the couplet is still hanging in the Museum of Lu Xun's former residence in Beijing Reading Lu Xun's diary, there are at least five descriptions of Qiao Dazhuang, which shows his deep friendship.

In 1927, Qiao Dazhuang went to Nanchang to assist Zhou Enlai in his work and was influenced by the revolution. After the Nanchang Uprising, he was forced to return to Beijing because of his family's tiredness and Zu Xun's inability to join the political party. After returning to Beijing, all the land contracts left by the ancestors will be burned to show their determination to break with the exploiting class and oppose getting something for nothing.

Mr. Qiao Dazhuang has profound attainments in classical literature, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. His poems are melancholy and lingering, quiet and beautiful, and catch up with the Tang and Song dynasties. Wang xuchu and Tang Guizhang, great masters of Ci poetry, also praised Qiao Dazhuang as a "flying General of Ci Poetry". Qiao Dazhuang is good at seal cutting. He imitates Qin and Han Dynasties and inherits Huang Shiling of Qing Dynasty. He has an ancient style and is called "South Qiao and North Qi" with Qi Baishi. His calligraphic works, just as they are called, combine poetry and prose, calligraphy and seal, which are called "three unique skills". He has been a professor in the Art Department of Central University and a professor of Ci, enjoying a high reputation in the cultural and artistic circles.

Mr. Qiao Dazhuang is a typical scholar and artist with self-discipline, fashion and dignity. During the Anti Japanese War, his family moved to the countryside of Chongqing, where he lived a poor life. When he learned that his friend, Professor Xu Senyu, was trapped in enemy occupied Shanghai, and he was living in a difficult life because he refused to take up a fake post, he decided to send all his savings to Xu Senyu.

At the time of national crisis, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang also worked in the Ministry of economic affairs and the supervisory yuan successively because of his livelihood and Mr. Yu Youren's elegance. But he has always been clean and never mixed with others. Once, Bai Chongxi asked him to write a preface to celebrate Chiang Kai Shek's 60th birthday, but he refused to sing praises for him. He sighed angrily: "I regret reading, so I am encouraged by my friends." However, Bai Chongxi insisted on pleading, but he could not refuse. Instead, he skillfully added four rhymes to the preface of a minister's poem to make a total of 60 words to wish him a full life. Bai Daxi, however, after reading the full text, found that there was a hint of irony in the poem, and he changed a few words of condemnation. Qiao Dazhuang protested to Bai Chongxi when he knew about it: "you are the chief of staff. I am a professor of literature. Each of you has his own line. If you tamper with my words, I can also tamper with your battle plan. Is that so? " It made Bai Chongxi extremely embarrassed and speechless. He just let it go. It was a good story for a while.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang returned to Nanjing with the Central University. Later, he was forced to leave the University for justice. In the summer of 1947, he went to Taiwan to teach alone at the invitation of Lu Zhihong, President of Taiwan University. In Taiwan, he criticized the current situation with famous professors such as Xu shoushang and Ma Zongrong, and participated in the Democratic Progressive Movement against hunger and civil war, which was hated by the authorities. In the spring of 1948, Qian Zhongshu traveled to Taiwan with historian Li xuanbo. When he arrived in Taiwan, it was Qiao Dazhuang who was the head of the Chinese department after Xu shoushang who was killed. Due to Li xuanbo's introduction, Qian Zhongshu went to Bo Wailou's residence to visit Qiao Dazhuang. He was very happy to meet him. Qiao Dazhuang entertained Li and Qian with great hospitality. In his later years, Qian Zhongshu recalled his affinity with Mr. Qiao Dazhuang in calligraphy, and he was also sorrowful in his mind. He said, "I'll ask you later. It is a kind of mourning that people and the sky are separated forever, mourning for the past and the past, and mourning for the future. Mr. Qiao Dazhuang left his post in Shanghai and Nanjing because he supported the student movement in Taiwan, which was not allowed by the authorities. At this time, Qiao Dazhuang deeply felt the difficulties of the country, the darkness of the society, and the difficulties of people's livelihood. On July 3, 1948, he sank under the Meicun bridge in Suzhou. He was only 56 years old. The next day, someone found his body in the river. A business card was hung on it. The book read "self responsibility" and another book read: "pay for cremation as soon as possible." Mr. Zhang's body was cremated in lingyanshan temple on the 12th, and was buried in the ancestral Tomb of PANJIAGOU in Huayang in November of that year.

Qiao Dazhuang's self sinking had a sign before. His good friend and writer, Tai Jingnong, once recalled that since the new year's eve of 1948, Qiao Dazhuang had "spent his days drinking instead of rice twice.". Once, Joe pointed to a pretty painted pottery jar he had just picked up from an antique shop. Looking around at all his friends, he said, "this is for my ashes." All the people laughed and thought they were joking, but one word turned into a prophecy.

Qiao Wujiang, Qiao Dazhuang's daughter, recalled: on July 2, 1948, Qiao talked with her all night and said, "what this society allows me to do is to take part in the civil war and do something harmful to the country. I'd rather die. How can I do injustice for eating?" In the morning of the next day, Qiao Dazhuang "visited his relatives and relatives, with a calm manner, as usual" and "unexpectedly, it was farewell".

In the sixth issue of Volume 3 of the Journal of literature published in November 1948, Qiao Dazhuang wrote a mourning article with the signature of "Fang Hui", commenting: "today, it is not easier for a dynasty, but for two times, where two cultures compete It is the so-called intellectuals who feel the most confused and depressed. There is a school that is not only nostalgic for the old, but also at a loss for the new. Those who are weak in will will end up drinking and drinking, and those who are strong in will end up living. "

In recent years, with the concern and support of relevant departments and publishing houses, the unremitting efforts of Mr. Dazhuang's second daughter Qiao Wujiang and the assistance of his late husband Wu Zhangshu, a famous scholar, poet and calligrapher, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang's posthumous works "Qiao Dazhuang's Poems", "Qiao Dazhuang's Ci", "Qiao Dazhuang's calligraphy" and "Qiao Dazhuang's seal cutting" have been published one after another. For us to understand a generation of patriotic scholars, to carry forward Bashu literature and art, should be the contribution of jiahuishilin, also can comfort Mr. Qiao Dazhuang in jiuquanxia.

Commemoration of later generations

April 5, from Shuangliu District

Chinese PinYin : Qiao Da Zhuang