Pengcheng

Xuzhou

Xuzhou, abbreviated as "Xu", formerly known as Pengcheng, is a prefecture level city in Jiangsu Province, a national historical and cultural city approved by the State Council, a national comprehensive transportation hub, and a central city of Huaihai economic zone. By 2019, Xuzhou has five municipal districts, three counties and two county-level cities with a total area of 11258 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 8.8256 million.

Xuzhou is located in the southeast of North China Plain and the northwest of Jiangsu Province. The Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal passes through the area. The two main lines of Longhai Railway and Beijing Shanghai Railway meet here. It is known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces". Xuzhou city city one belt, one road city in East China, is also an important city of "one belt and one road", an important city in the northern part of the Yangtze River Delta, a core city in Xuzhou metropolitan area and an international new energy base.

At the end of primitive society, when Emperor Yao was in power, Pengzu built the great Pengshi Kingdom, which was the earliest city in Jiangsu Province. Xuzhou is one of the nine Chinese states in history. Since ancient times, it has been the key to the north, the gateway to the south, a place for military strategists and a gathering center of merchants. It is also the political, economic and cultural center of Huaihai region. Xuzhou has a history of over 6000 years of civilization and 2600 years of city construction. It is a famous hometown of emperors, and is said to be "Xuzhou native to the emperors of nine dynasties". Xuzhou is the birthplace of Han culture, known as "Pengzu's hometown, Liubang's hometown, Xiangyu's hometown". Because of its large number of cultural heritage, scenic spots and profound historical deposits, it is also known as "Oriental Athens".

Xuzhou has a temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. There are Yunlong Lake, Yunlong mountain, Pengzu garden, Chu king's mausoleum, Pan'an lake, Dalong lake, yaowan ancient town and other tourist attractions. There are Pengzu, Liu Bang, Sun Quan, Li Yu and other historical celebrities in Xuzhou. Xuzhou has won the titles of China's excellent tourist city, national civilized city and UN Habitat Award. In September 2021, the 13th China (Xuzhou) International Garden Expo will be held in Xuzhou for 4 months.

Historical evolution

Xuzhou has a long history. More than 6000 years ago, the ancestors of Xuzhou lived and worked here.

At the end of the primitive society, Yao granted Pengzu the title of great Pengshi state in Pengcheng (where the present urban area is located), one of the five tyrants.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Pengcheng belonged to the Song Dynasty and later to Chu. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, Pengcheng county was established.

During the period of Qin and Chu, Xiong Xin, the emperor of Chu Yi, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, Han Xin, the king of Chu, and Liu Jiao, the king of Chu Yuan, successively established the capitals of Pengcheng and xiapi.

Pengcheng county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and Pengcheng state and capital were established in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved to Xuzhou, where he was appointed as the governor of Pengcheng.

In the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a state of Pengcheng or Xuzhou.

Xuzhou was set up in Sui Dynasty, and Pengcheng county was later changed to govern Pengcheng.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County exchanged for many times, and in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, they were the residence of Jiedushi.

In the Five Dynasties, Xuzhou was set up in each dynasty to govern Pengcheng and lead seven counties.

Xuzhou was set up in song and Yuan Dynasties, and its subordination and jurisdiction changed frequently.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou once belonged to Fengyang Prefecture, Zhili capital, and later to nanzhili.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou was the Jiangnan province and the Zhili Prefecture of Jiangsu Province. In 1733 A.D., it was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture, with jurisdiction over one Prefecture and seven counties.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, Xuzhou government was abolished and attached to guotongshan county. Later, xuhaidao was set up to govern Tongshan (Xuzhou). During the Anti Japanese War, Xuzhou was set up by Tongshan County, which was once the capital of Huaihai Province under the Wang puppet national government. During the period of the Republic of China, Xuzhou was one of the eight major cities under the state key construction.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the national government still set up Xuzhou, which belongs to Jiangsu Province. The Huaihai Campaign, one of the three famous campaigns, was launched with Xuzhou as the center.

In 1949, because Jiangsu Province had not been completely liberated, Xuzhou was temporarily managed by Shandong Province. In 1953, it was transferred back to Jiangsu Province and Xuzhou special area was established. The special office is located in Xuzhou.

In 1958, Xuzhou City, formerly under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province, was under the leadership of Xuzhou district.

In 1962, Xuzhou became a provincial city.

In 1970, Xuzhou area was renamed Xuzhou area.

In 1983, Jiangsu abolished the regional Commissioner's office and implemented the system of city governing county.

(due to space constraints, more historical content can be found on the official website of the government < / I > < I >) < / I >

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1993, Xuzhou adjusted its city and county administrative divisions: Nine townships of qingshanquan, Daquan, Zizhuang and Jiangzhuang, nine townships of Luzhuang, biantang, Dawu, Tashan and gengji in Tongshan County, and four sub district offices of qingshanquan, Dongzhuang, Qishan and Quantai in the mining area were designated as Jiawang District; two villages of Shitun Township and Jiahe Township, spark and Qunying, were designated as mining area; and the suburb of Xuzhou was renamed as Quan district mountain area.

In 1998, with the approval of Jiangsu Provincial People's government, paoche town of Xinyi City was under the jurisdiction of Pizhou City, and Hegou town of Pizhou City was under the jurisdiction of Xinyi City. Pantang town of Tongshan County was divided into Quanzhou District, Xuzhou, and pantang sub district office was established.

On May 18, 2005, the State Council approved the designation of Dahuangshan town and Damiao town in Tongshan County as Gulou District of Xuzhou.

In March 2008, the provincial government approved the abolition of Dahuangshan town and Damiao town and the establishment of Miaoshan town.

In 2009, the provincial government approved the transfer of Miaoshan town in Gulou District to Jiawang District.

From September 28, 2010, Jiuli district and Tongshan County of Xuzhou were abolished and Tongshan District of Xuzhou was established. Among them, the original Jiuli district under the jurisdiction of more than 10 sub district offices, respectively, into Tongshan, Gulou and Quanshan three districts. After the adjustment, the six counties (cities) and five districts under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou will become five counties (cities) and five districts. The urban area increased from 1159.9 square kilometers to 3037.3 square kilometers, ranking the eighth in China. The urban population increased from 1843000 to 3064000.

On August 9, 2013, Xuzhou cancelled 11 towns and adjusted 6 towns, setting up 17 sub district offices. The adjustment involves an area of 1426 square kilometers and a population of 1.564 million.

Zoning details

geographical environment

Location context

Xuzhou is located in the southeast of North China Plain, between 116 ° 22 ′ - 118 ° 40 ′ E and 33 ° 43 ′ - 34 ° 58 ′ n. It is about 210 km long from east to west and 140 km wide from north to south.

terrain

The terrain of Xuzhou is mainly plain, accounting for about 90% of the city's area. The general terrain of the plain decreases from northwest to Southeast, with an average slope of 1 / 7000-1 / 8000 and an altitude of 30-50m. There are a few hills and mountains in the middle and east of Xuzhou. Generally, the altitude of hills is about 100-200 meters, and the area of hills and mountains accounts for about 9.4% of the whole city. Xuzhou hills and mountains are divided into two groups. One group is distributed in the middle of the city, with different heights. Dadong mountain in the middle of Jiawang District is the highest peak in the city, with an altitude of 361 meters; the other group is distributed in the east of the city, with the highest point of Maling mountain in the north of Xinyi City, with an altitude of 122.9 meters.

hydrology

Xuzhou is located in the lower reaches of Yi, Shu and Si rivers, the tributaries of the ancient Huai River. Taking the old Yellow River as the watershed, it forms the Yi, Shu and Si River Systems in the north and the Sui and an river systems in the south. In the territory, rivers crisscross, lakes and reservoirs are scattered, the abandoned Yellow River slants through the East and West, the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south, the Yizhu and Shuzhu rivers and Luoma Lake in the East, and the Xiaxing, Dasha River and Weishan Lake in the West.

Xuzhou has two large reservoirs, five medium-sized reservoirs and 84 small reservoirs, with a total capacity of 331 million cubic meters, as well as numerous water conservancy facilities such as bridges, culverts, canals and gates. A water network system connecting rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs with multi-function of flood control, irrigation, shipping and aquatic products has been initially formed.

climate

Xuzhou has a temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, no intense heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The annual temperature is 14 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are 2284 to 2495 hours, the sunshine rate is 52% to 57%, the annual frost free period is 200 to 220 days, the annual precipitation is 800 to 930 mm, and the precipitation in rainy season accounts for 56% of the whole year. The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, sufficient light, moderate rainfall and the same period of rain and heat. Among the four seasons, spring and autumn are short, winter and summer are long, the weather in spring is changeable, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is crisp, winter cold wave is frequent.

geology

Xuzhou belongs to the southern part of North China fault block area in geotectonics. Its geological conditions and structures are not very complex, and the frequency and intensity of seismic activity are low.

From the view of crustal structure, the crustal thickness of Xuzhou changes little. The average depth of Mohr's surface is about 36 km, and that of Conrad's surface is 20 km, which is generally deeper in the West. Let's look at tectonic movement. Xuzhou is a large area subsidence area in Northern Jiangsu Plain. Geomorphologically, the terrain is low and flat, and the sediments in the fault basin are thick, showing the characteristics of CO oscillation movement. In terms of fault structure, the faults in Xuzhou area are relatively developed. According to their scale and geological development history, the most important faults are widely distributed in the north and East directions. The main fault zones in Xuzhou are Tancheng Lujiang fault zone and Fengxian Pizhou fault zone, so the Yellow River fault zone.

natural resources

Xuzhou is an area with rich resources and superior combination conditions. It is an important coal producing area in China and a power base in East China. More than 30 kinds of minerals, such as coal, iron, titanium, limestone, marble and quartzite, have large reserves and high grade, including 6.9 billion tons of coal, 83 million tons of iron, 25 billion tons of limestone, 2.1 billion tons of rock salt, 22 billion tons of well salt, 2.2 billion tons of proven potassium ore, accounting for about 1 / 5 of the domestic proven reserves, and 4.44 billion tons of gypsum, with an annual mining capacity of 5 million tons Top of the district. There are large-scale state-owned enterprises Datun coal and power (Group) Co., Ltd. and Zhonghua group

Chinese PinYin : Peng Cheng