Zhang Zhensun

Zhang Zhensun

Zhang Zhensun (1235-1278), whose name is Dingqing, was born in Xiyong, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province. Born in a local family, his grandfather Zhang Ji was chaofenglang, and his father Zhang nanzhong was chaosan doctor. Zhang Zhensun was known as a child prodigy in his early years. In 1271, the seventh year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, he won the first place in the examination in Beijing the next year. He was the only number one scholar in Guangdong in the Song Dynasty and the first number one scholar in Shunde history.

After Zhang Zhensun was admitted as the number one scholar, he was awarded the title of "Jian Zheng" by his secretary, moved to school, and then moved to Wuzhou to pass judgment. At one time, the soldiers of Yuan Dynasty forced Fujian and Guangdong, and Zhang organized soldiers to intercept. The emperor duanzong of Song Dynasty was appointed as a special summoner. He was promoted to the LongTuge. He was also appointed as the governor of Guangdong Province and the governor of Guangdong Province. Zhang was ordered to clean up military discipline, pacify the people, and prepare to meet the yuan army. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Lu Shikui of the yuan army invaded Guangzhou, and Zhang led the army to recover. Xuanyuan Jiangxi Youcheng tower and LV Shikui joined forces, directly to Guangzhou. Zhang Jian defended the city and led his warships to meet the enemy on the North Bank of the Pearl River. Yuan soldiers besieged Guangzhou heavily, and Zhang Zhensun supervised the city day and night. Finally, because of the great disparity between the two sides, Guangzhou fell again and Zhang was captured. In February 1278, the first year of bingxiangxing, the emperor of Song Dynasty, Yuan soldiers escorted Zhang Beishang to Dayuling, where Zhang Jinjie died. One of his posthumous works has been handed down.

After Zhang Zhensun died for the country, Wen Tianxiang and Xie Fangde once mourned for the poems. His family members and friends did not refuse to trudge. They collected bone from Meiling and were buried in yongtaili (now Sanyuanli) in the northern suburb of Guangzhou. The tomb was destroyed when the Qing army besieged Guangzhou.

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Zhang Zhensun, named Yuexi, was born in Xiyong, Shunde District, Foshan City. He grew up in Guangzhou since childhood. In Guangzhou, there is a place called Zhuangyuanfang. It is said that Zhang Zhensun spent his youth there. Zhang Zhensun is gifted and intelligent. He is a literary talent. He has heard that he is regarded as a child prodigy in the countryside. After Zhang Zhen and sun Zhongju, a nursery rhyme spread in Guangzhou: when Henan people meet, the number one scholar in Guangzhou appears. At that time, the river on both sides of the Pearl River was very wide. Strangely enough, in 1271, there was a severe drought in the south of the five ridges, and the current of the Pearl River became narrower. Residents on both sides of the river could walk down the river, and they could see each other. It was also in this year that Zhang Zhensun, who took the exam in late autumn, took the lead. People suddenly think of this popular nursery rhyme, feel very magical, so it becomes a good story.

In 1271, Kublai changed his national name to "Dayuan" and made great efforts to covet the south. In the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, singing and dancing rose and leveled. Zhang Zhensun served as the Secretary to supervise the correction of Chinese characters, and later as the proofreader. When Jia Sidao was the prime minister, he wanted to woo Zhang Zhensun, but Zhang Zhensun was not moved, so he was let go of Wuzhou, Zhejiang Province. In 1274, Boyan led the army to the capital. At that time, the army was scattered and the officials were in chaos. Zhang Zhensun had no choice but to bring his parents back to the south. In the second year, Zhao Zheng was Emperor and duanzong. At that time, Guangzhou had fallen and the defeated army was scattered. They elected Zhang Zhensun as marshal to fight against Yuan soldiers. Later, when Zhao Zheng came to Lufeng, he suddenly thought of Zhang Zhensun, the number one scholar. He summoned him in a hurry and gave him a special envoy to control and manage. Zhang Zhensun led his troops and returned to fight the enemy.

The next year, Zhang Zhensun led the army to besiege Guangzhou, and the general sun Xiongfei abandoned the city to flee. Zhang Zhensun regained Guangzhou and held the city to celebrate. At this time, Wen Tianxiang also occupied Meizhou, and Lu Xiufu conquered Chaozhou, and the decline slightly reversed. However, the yuan soldiers attacked again, and the song army was unable to fight. Zhang Zhensun led his troops to fight with the yuan soldiers on the Pearl River, and eventually he was defeated because of the lack of soldiers. They guarded the city for several months, and the people had no food to find, so they had to dig holes to catch rats and catch sparrows. Seeing the hardship and embarrassment of the citizens, Zhang Zhensun was more worried about the destruction of the city. So he put forward that he would be bound out of the city, but the only condition was not to hurt the people, so the citizens of Guangzhou had to escape. Later, Zhang Zhensun took advantage of the enemy's unprepared on his way to the capital city to commit suicide and die for his country. He responded with his life to the promise of "vowing to be loyal to iron and stone" made by the golden palace to the imperial court, and became a loyal and virtuous talent praised by people.

Life events

In the first year of Deyou (1275), the yuan army went south on a large scale.

In 1276, the yuan army captured Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Empress Dowager and song gongzong surrendered. King Yi succeeded to the throne as duanzong and sailed to Fujian and Guangdong. The defeated army on the sea near Guangzhou regrouped and took Zhang Zhensun as commander-in-chief to fight against the yuan army.

In December 1276, duanzong arrived in Huizhou and appointed Zhang Zhensun as the Minister of LongTuge, the Minister of Guangdong, and the Minister of administration and pacification.

In January 1277, Guangzhou city fell and Zhang Zhensun was captured.

In April 1277, Zhang Zhensun committed suicide in Dayuling.

Historical deduction

The boy was praised as a child prodigy and died bravely for the people

The first time he was gifted, young and frivolous

Zhang Zhensun's father, Zhang Xiangtai, likes to write poems and drink. He is the author of poetry anthology "Shi" and "Yi". When Zhang Zhensun's mother was pregnant, she once dreamt that a red sun would rush into her arms. All the neighbors were guessing that Zhangjia would definitely have a noble man! After Zhang Zhensun was born, he was gifted and intelligent. In addition to Zhang's good discipline, Zhang Zhensun studied hard and soon became famous for his erudition and strong memory. He is known as "child prodigy" for his profound knowledge and fluent diction.

In 1250 A.D., Zhang Zhensun, who was only 15 years old, took part in the children's test. He was famous among all the students, and his voice shocked his hometown.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a great writer named Li angying. He dreamed that someone bent his bow and shot at the river, and the river dried up. At present, it is Zhang's son who accounts for the hexagram. Later, Zhang Zhensun became the number one scholar in senior high school. For his ambition, Zhang later compiled a collection of 16 volumes, using the title of meeting Pavilion collection. Although it is recorded in the chronicles of Guangzhou, it is either a coincidence or a supplementary meeting of later generations.

The second time I failed in the exam, I was angry and tried to be strong

Zhang Zhensun's official career was not smooth sailing either. Since he took part in the boy's test at the age of 15, he failed many times in the test, and his family was in a difficult situation. All kinds of ridicule and attacks came one after another. However, these setbacks not only failed to kill his ambition, on the contrary, they made him more energetic. He spent 20 years of unsuccessful time studying books and studying society. In the sixth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zhensun, who was 35 years old, took part in the rural examination. As a result, where there is a will, there is a way. He seized the precious time of the year, sat in his study day and night, studied the works of famous scholars and the historical records of the rise and fall of the past dynasties, integrated the foresight and insight of the sages into his own, used them freely, and set a school of his own in argumentation and writing style.

The third high school champion

When Zhang Zhensun was 35 years old, he went to Lin'an (today's Hangzhou City) in the capital of Southern Song Dynasty to take part in the conference and palace examinations. He wrote at the golden hall and successfully completed the 7000 word political paper "imperial countermeasures". Aiming at the accumulated disadvantages of the country at that time, he made an impassioned speech and put forward the argument that "the people are the lifeblood of the country". He asked the imperial court to implement the policy of "supporting the superior and benefiting the inferior", believing that the emperor should "take the people as the lifeblood" "Rule the world with benevolence". And boldly put forward to punish corrupt officials, in order to calm the anger of the people. Zhang Zhensun's "imperial countermeasures" won the favor of the emperor, and won the first place in the first class of imperial brush Zhu PI.

According to the system of the Song Dynasty, the new top scholars had to be in a hurry to write poems. The maids in the palace relied on the opportunity to weave beautiful poems to the emperor as soon as the middle officials urged them to write. Zhang Zhensun was not very good at writing poems, but on that day he was "writing like a fly". People thought that he was "famous and talented".

The fourth time: not afraid of being demoted

At that time, Jia Sidao, the traitor, was in power. He was not ashamed to say to Zhang Zhensun Dayan, "the son was promoted by Tao. He was the number one scholar in the provincial examination. I'm sorry to meet you late." It means that the reason why Zhang Zhensun became number one is the result of his massive recommendation, so Zhang Zhensun should thank him. But Zhang Zhensun ignored it and didn't give thanks. According to the practice of the Song Dynasty, the number one scholar could go to the bureau to draw money to make full use of it. However, Zhang Zhensun just took a little money to get rid of it. People all said that he was "upright". But because of the influence of the traitors, Zhang only allowed Jinhua to pass the sentence except his secretary to supervise the correction of the characters and move to the school. This is the assistant official of the state and government, only six grades. Before long, the soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty invaded the south, and all the officials scattered. Zhang Zhensun was impeached by the admonishment officer for serving his parents back to his hometown in Guangzhou, and was dismissed by the official.

In the fifth chapter, he was ordered to die for his country

As the soldiers of Yuan Dynasty approached, duanzong of Southern Song Dynasty fled to Fujian by sea and then to Guangdong. In December 1276, Guangzhou was occupied by Yuan soldiers, and the song army was defeated. The situation was very critical. Then the emperor remembered Zhang Zhensun, the number one scholar with both civil and military skills. He immediately summoned him and appointed him as the Minister of LongTuge, the Minister of Guangdong and the Minister of appeasement. He was a high-level military officer in Guangdong. The emperor also personally granted sword, bow and arrow.

Zhang Zhensun was ordered to advance in the face of danger, reorganized the troops, pacified the people, led the song army to fight with the yuan army, and recovered Guangzhou at one stroke. The people were excited and the military power was greatly boosted. The yuan army ran out of food and grass and had to withdraw.

But in the winter half a year later, the yuan army sent generals LV Shikui and suoduo to Guangzhou. Zhang Zhensun led more than 2000 warships to fight against the yuan soldiers and fought fiercely on the river near the North Bank of the Pearl River. However, due to the great disparity between the enemy and ourselves, the song army was defeated and retreated to Wuyang city to fight with the yuan soldiers in the street. As a result, Guangzhou city fell down again because of the helpless army. Zhang Zhensun pretended to protect the people in the city On the way to the capital, Zhang Zhensun died bravely and committed suicide among the red plum blossoms in Dayuling. He was 44 years old. Wen Tianxiang learned that Zhang Zhensun would rather die than surrender. He wrote a poem to mourn the death of his country.

There is a nursery rhyme in Guangzhou that says, "when Henan people meet, Guangzhou number one scholar meets." The last word is pronounced Xian, which means to appear. This nursery rhyme is related to a beautiful legend: the Pearl River banks of Guangzhou in ancient times

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zhen Sun