Yi bingshou

Yi bingshou

Yi bingshou (1754-1815) is a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. He was born in Ninghua County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. In the 44th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was a Jinshi in the 54th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

In 1802 (the seventh year of Jiaqing), Yi bingshou, 54 years old, died and went back to his hometown. Tens of thousands of people in Yangzhou wept to see him off. After his death at the age of 62, in order to admire his virtue, Yangzhou worshipped Yi bingshou in the local "San Xian Temple" (the temple of Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Wang Shizhen), which was renamed "Si Xian Temple". During his term of office, he was famous for "honest officials and good governance".

Yi bingshou was fond of painting and printing, and his poetry collection was handed down from generation to generation. Gongshu, especially zhuanli, is exquisite and beautiful. His calligraphy is beyond the ancient style, which makes the calligraphy of Qing Dynasty shine brilliantly. Lishu is especially indulgent and elegant, with its own high ancient and broad atmosphere, and Deng Shiru is known as everyone.

Life of the characters

On the 11th of the first month of 1754 (the 19th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty), Yi bingshou was born in Ninghua, a scholar and official family. His father, Yi Chaodong, was a Jinshi in the 34th year of Qianlong reign. He was the head of Li Guan's criminal department, the censor, and the Minister of Guanglu temple. Yi bingshou was known in history as "a master of Confucianism, a teacher of Yin, and a scholar of his own." Later, he was appreciated by Zhu Yu, a Bachelor of Arts, and valued by Ji Xiaolan. He worshipped Ji as his teacher and Liu Yong, the most famous calligrapher at that time, as his teacher to learn calligraphy. He is the author of Liuchun thatched cottage collection. There are many books handed down from generation to generation. The five character couplet of Lishu was written in 1815. official script. There are 10 words in the main body of the couplet, 16 words in the section, 26 words in total. 178 cm in length and 33.3 cm in width. It's in the capital museum.

When Yi bingshou was 15 years old (in the 34th year of Qianlong), his father, Yi Chaodong, was a Jinshi in kaozhong. He was a doctor in the criminal division of the Li government and a minister of Guanglu temple. He studied the learning of Cheng and Zhu, and wrote books such as the collection of south windows and the collection of CI Yan Zhai. Yi bingshou was intelligent and studious when he was young. He inherited the origin of his family learning and studied Confucianism in Song Dynasty. At the age of 16, he entered Ninghua county school, and at the age of 26, he took the secondary and rural examination. Later, he learned from Yin Chengfang, a famous Confucianist, and studied the Confucian theories of Li rongcun, Cai Liangshan and Lei Cuiting. When he was 30 years old (in the 49th year of Qianlong's reign), he went to Beijing for exams and won the official list. He stayed in Beijing. He was appreciated and valued by Zhu Yu and Ji Xiaolan. He often went to visit Zhu Yu's family and once lived in Ji Xiaolan's home to teach his grandson. He also learned calligraphy from Liu Yong, the most famous calligrapher at that time.

In 1789 (the 54th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), Yi bingshou took part in the examination. He became a scholar. He was given an extra charge by the Ministry of punishment to fill the Zhejiang provincial governor wailang, and began his successful official career. Yi bingshou was honest in politics.

In 1798 (the third year of Jiaqing), wailang was appointed deputy chief examiner of Hunan Provincial examination.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was promoted to a doctor in the criminal department. Soon afterwards, Yi bingshou became the magistrate of Huizhou, Guangdong Province. During his stay in Huizhou, he promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages, worked hard and loved the people, and devoted himself to the construction of local culture. He rewarded postgraduates, founded academies, and valued talents. The story of song Xiang, a talented person in Lingnan, became a good story. At that time, when he was renovating Su Dongpo's former residence, he accidentally found the Duan inkstone, which Su's cherished "de you Lin Tang", in the ink pool. Later, Yi bingshou took the inkstone back to his hometown of Ninghua in Tingzhou and named the study "Ci inkstone studio". Some people say that this Duan Inkstone used by Su Dongpo brought endless aura to Yi bingshou, and the characters he wrote with this Duan inkstone are particularly beautiful. This inkstone is a national second-class cultural relic, which is collected in Ninghua County Museum.

Around 1805 (the 10th year of Jiaqing), the governor of the two rivers recommended Yi bingshou to go to Nanhe, Gaoyou and BAOYING to investigate the disaster. Soon, Yi bingshou was appointed as the magistrate of Yangzhou. He personally led his subordinates to participate in disaster relief and went deep into the people to share weal and woe with the people. On the one hand, he set up porridge factories to resettle the victims, and on the other hand, he mobilized rich businessmen to provide disaster relief. He soon stabilized the situation in the disaster area and took some flexible measures to enable the victims to rebuild their homes and resume production as soon as possible. In addition, he personally checked the relief account books, approved and issued the relief money and grain, strictly prohibited the reduction of petty labor, and won the praise of the victims. More than 30000 victims of Lixiahe River fled to Fucheng. Yi bingshou advised the rich businessmen to donate more than 60000 yuan, set up shanty factories in temples to provide rice for the victims, and set up porridge factories in every village to help the poor victims. Some victims want to kill cattle for food. Yi bingshou paid a loan according to the valuation of cattle, hired a special person to feed them, and allowed the victims to redeem them in the next spring to ensure the production of spring farming. For the sake of social stability, Yi bingshou sent troops to exterminate tiekuzi generation, the bandit of Beihu, and to crack down on Nie Daohe, who was cheating by "stick crafty way", so that those crafty and disturbing local ruffians were severely punished. Therefore, the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty said: "although the people in Yangzhou were hungry and poor, they were not worried." In the second year, the weather in Yangzhou was favorable, and all kinds of wastes were flourishing. The people all praised Yi bingshou.

In the 11th year of Jiaqing, in order to promote the development of local culture in Yangzhou, Yi bingshou recruited JIAO Xun, Ruan Yuan and other famous scholars to compile Yangzhou tujing and Yangzhou Wencui.

In 1807 (the 12th year of Jiaqing), Yi bingshou was transferred to hekudao, and soon he transferred the history of salt transportation between Huaihe and Huaihe. After two months in office, his father died of illness and went back to Ninghua, Tingzhou to mourn. After taking care of his father's affairs in his hometown, Yi bingshou was worried for three years. Maybe he felt tired of his official career and stayed in Ninghua for another five years. During this period, he left a lot of handwriting and did a lot of good deeds for his parents and villagers. One year, the city wall of Ninghua collapsed, and he paid thousands of money to repair it. Another year, when his hometown suffered from famine, he not only donated food for disaster relief, but also used his identity to lobby businessmen to buy rice. He also proposed the construction of Guangji Bridge and Longmen Bridge, and raised ten thousand taels of money and silver. When he returned to his hometown, he visited Huizhou again in the autumn of the 16th year of Jiaqing. Huizhou people heard that Yi bingshou was coming to meet him. When Yi bingshou visited Fenghu academy, he saw that there was a memorial hall for him in the Academy, so he ordered it to be removed.

In the summer of 1815 (the 20th year of Jiaqing), Yi bingshou left Ninghua and set out for Beijing. He passed through Yangzhou. His old friends stayed him until September. It's getting cooler in September in Yangzhou. He fell ill with autumn cold, got pneumonia and died in Yangzhou on September 11. Later, he was buried in the stone cattle post of Caofang in Ninghua (now shangcao Village).

When people in Yangzhou learned that the former magistrate had died of illness, they consecrated him in the Sanxian temple, together with Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo and Wang Shizhen. A few decades ago, Huang Shen, a native of Ninghua in Tingzhou, was famous for his poetry, calligraphy and painting. A few decades later, Yi bingshou, another native of Ninghua in Tingzhou, was praised here for his diligence and virtue.

Although Yi bingshou was a famous official in the Qing Dynasty, he never regarded himself as a meritorious official. He moved his residence from the "Rest Garden" where the rich and the business lived to the old city "Huang's garden" where the common people lived. He is also honest and honest in his life. He put an end to color and voice. "Every food must have vegetables" to "clear my heart and ears". It is often said that "life is also the nature of heaven and earth. There is no less return to evil, and action is right." Because Yi bingshou was honest, diligent and loved the people, he was deeply loved by the people in Yangzhou. "Wu Cheng nostalgic records" praised him, saying: "Yangzhou Taishou Dai famous sages, Qing Qianjia, Tingzhou yimoqing Taishou is the most famous, elegant literary talent, benefit the government and the people, and Ouyang Yongshu, Su Dongpo has been comparable, township people praise is not bad, worship the sages Temple wine hall."

personal works

In 1971, Taiwan Dazhong Publishing House published a collection of Yi bingshou's works. In October 1984, Shanghai Bookstore published a selection of Yi bingshou's calligraphy. Although he can do all four kinds of body, Li Shu is the best. Its official script is a kind of magnificent and simple stele in Han Dynasty. Only in the selection of Lishu inks published by Shanghai Bookstore, there are Pei Cen, Han Renming, Yinzhou tablet, Kongzhou tablet, Zhangqian tablet, Hengfang tablet and so on. Especially thanks to the Hengfang stele, according to Yi bingshou's Liuchun cottage poetry, he wrote Hengfang stele as many as 100 times. It is a combination of Qin Zhuan, Han Wei brick and tile, and facial style.

His running calligraphy works include twelve lines of Jielin Tang and song renshuping, 128 characters in total, which are collected in Shanghai Museum and published in the atlas of famous calligraphic works of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Japan. Linliu Gongquan's letter axis was written in the third year of Jiaqing (1798), with four lines and 86 characters, and published in the complete works of Chinese calligraphy in Japan. The book of self written poems, with six lines and 41 words, is collected by Liaoning Provincial Museum and published in complete works of Chinese calligraphy in Japan. Qijue poetry axis, with six lines and 45 words in total, was published in the illustrated books of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Japan. "Xingshu Laozi language axis", with three lines and ten characters, was published in the complete works of Chinese calligraphy in Japan. In 1931, the Zhenya book office made a photocopy of the book according to the owner of Pingzhai. Yi bingshou presented guiweigu (Fu) Hualing couplet as a gift, which was collected by Tiandu building in Jinling.

There are many couplets handed down in the official script, such as the three character couplet written in the third year of Jiaqing (1798), "determined by the Tao, the time is meritorious." Jiaqing four years (1799) writing five character couplet "Qingguang appropriate to bamboo, leisurely elegant than Wenqin." The five character couplet written in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803) is "political voice, Han Li Department, Jing Yi, Dong Jiang capital." The five character couplet written in the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804) "has always been ancient and can be used to write new poems." Four characters written in the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805)

Chinese PinYin : Yi Bing Shou