He mengchun

He mengchun

He mengchun (1474-1536), Zi Yuan, was born in Chenzhou (now Hunan), and was a writer of the Ming Dynasty. In 1493, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty was a Jinshi. At the beginning, he was the head of the Ministry of war, and later he was promoted to the rank of yuanwailang and doctor. He successively served as the political Councilor of Henan Province, the imperial servant Shaoqing, the imperial servant of Henan Province, the right deputy governor of the capital inspection yuan, the governor of Yunnan Province, the Minister of the Ministry of war, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. During his term of office, he mengchun was upright and just. He did a lot of good things for the court and the people.

After emperor Jiajing ascended the throne of emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, he mengchun wrote to Emperor Jiajing about who was Emperor Jiajing, that is, the imperial unification of father in the sense of patriarchal clan system. However, due to different views, he was demoted later and served as Zuo Shilang of Nanjing Ministry of industry. Since then, he mengchun repeatedly wrote that he was ill and died. It was not until the spring of the sixth year of Jiajing (1527) that he was approved. Nine years later, he mengchun died at home, 62 years old, posthumous title Wenjian.

Life of the characters

Early experience

He mengchun, Ziyuan, was born in Chenzhou, Hunan Province. His grandfather, He Jun, once worked in Yunnan Province. He said that his father was a doctor of the Ministry of punishment. He mengchun studied under Li Dongyang when he was young, and his knowledge was very extensive. In 1493, he became a Jinshi in the sixth year of Hongzhi's examination. When Pang pan and others were arrested in prison, he wrote to rescue them. Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the construction of the Yuxiu Pavilion in Wansui mountain and the West Chamber of Qianqing palace. Nine thousand soldiers were slain. According to the calculation, more than one million taels of silver would be spent. He mengchun resisted the words and wrote to strongly dissuade them. After the disaster in Qingning palace, he took the opportunity to write a statement of eight things, memorials of more than 10000 words. Later, he was promoted to the rank of yuanwailang and doctor, and was ordered to manage the horse administration in Shaanxi. As a result, various rules and regulations were implemented. After returning to the court, he put forward five suggestions to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and impeached the governor for dereliction of duty. In the early years of Zhengde, he wrote a request to correct the sacrificial ceremony in the Confucian temple, which could not be carried out. Later, he was transferred to Henan Province to participate in politics and be honest and upright. Later, he was promoted to the title of imperial servant Shaoqing, and then to the title of imperial servant Qing. When Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty visited Xuanfu, he once Feizhang admonished him. Soon after, he toured Yunnan in the name of the right deputy capital censor, calmed the barbarians of the eighteen villages, such as a Wu and a Si, established Yongchang mansion, added five chief departments and five defense posts, made military contributions, and was granted a son as an official by Yin Feng. But he declined and did not accept it.

An important official of Jiajing

After Ming Shizong ascended the throne, he was promoted to the right servant of Nanjing Military Department. On the way back, he was called back to be the right servant of Li Department. At that time, there were droughts and floods in Su and song provinces one after another, while the rivers north of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River flooded, inundating land, houses, population and livestock. He mengchun followed the example of Wei Xiang in the Han Dynasty and listed eight suggestions, which Ming Shizong happily adopted. Soon he was promoted to the rank of left Chamberlain. After the minister Qiao Yu was removed from office, he acted for the Ministry of official affairs.

Speak out

After the discussion of the great rites (i.e. who is the imperial examination in the sense of the patriarchal clan system of emperor Jiajing of Ming Shizong), he mengchun heard about it in Yunnan and handed in a memorial saying: "I read the palace newspaper and saw the memorial of the Jinshi quru. Please honor the father as" the king of imperial uncle Kao "and the virgin as" the princess of imperial aunt Kao ". The memorials were distributed to the Ministry of rites with your Majesty's approval. Only then can we know that the title has not been decided by imperial edict. I think that the emperors of the previous generation inherited the throne from the side branch. Their success and failure in promoting their biological parents are recorded in historical books. Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty did not dare to add the title of emperor to shihuangsun, Emperor Guangwu did not dare to add the title of emperor to nandunjun, and Emperor Yuandi of Jin Dynasty did not dare to add the title of emperor to King Gong. They all restrained their personal feelings and followed the etiquette. This is what Sima Guang said in the Song Dynasty. At that time, people all over the world praised him and later generations praised him as a saint. Emperor AI of Han Dynasty, Emperor an of Han Dynasty, Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty added the title of emperor to their father and grandfather, thus destroying the system of etiquette and justice. This is what Sima Guang said. He was ridiculed at that time and criticized later. The adoption is someone else's son, so I dare not think about my parents. There are no two elders in the making of rites by saints. This is because if the respectful mind divides some to the other side, it can't be single-minded here. Now the ministers have discussed in detail that the matter has not yet been settled. Is there anything wrong with the title of imperial uncle Kao? But stupid as I am, there is no doubt about it. According to the book of rites, they are called parents when they are alive, and they are called Kao hen when they come down. There are names of parents and uncle parents, but there is no saying about them. now I want to call King Xingxian the imperial uncle Kao. What is the classical basis? In Song Yingzong's time, someone asked the king of Pu to add the name of emperor bokao. Song Min asked for severe rebuke, which was absurd. In this way, can the title of imperial uncle Kao be added to King Xingxian? It is not proper to call uncle Huang. They are called uncle and uncle in the Scriptures when they were alive. After their death, no one has ever added kinship to their titles. In this way, can the title of the emperor's uncle be used again on the prince who has been given the posthumous title in the previous dynasty? I have seen the imperial edicts issued by your majesty before. Your majesty called the former Emperor his elder brother. If you really call Xianwang his uncle, as Wang Peng and Sima Guang said in the Song Dynasty, you will be satisfied. But a few people think it's wrong. What's the reason? The world was settled by Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty. From emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty to Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty passed on to Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty. Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty specially chose you to pass on the great cause to your ancestors. Although Xianwang is a natural close relative of his majesty, his majesty is able to enter the Imperial Palace, have the world, and be emperor for thousands of generations. This is the kindness of emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty and the inheritance of emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty. Therefore, I hope you can take Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu and emperor yuan of Jin Dynasty as an example. If you put forward any name or improper title that has never been used in ancient times, it is not the hope I placed on your majesty. " By the time he mengchun came to be an official of the Ministry of official affairs, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty had honored his parents as emperor Xingxian and Empress Dowager of Xingguo, and then changed their names to Emperor kaogongmuxian and Empress Dowager of Shengsheng. He mengchun wrote three times, please respect according to the original imperial edict, Ming Shizong did not consider. After that, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty believed Zhang Cong and GUI calyx more and wanted to remove the word Bensheng. At that time, Zhang Cong was domineering. He listed 13 crimes of officials bullying the king and denounced the ministers as friends. He mengchun and nine Qing Qin Jin wrote a memorial, which roughly said: "Yi Yin said:" when someone speaks against his own mind, he must seek moral guidance. When someone talks and caters to his own ideas, he must go to the wrong place to check. " Recently, in the controversy over "great rites", the evil and integrity shown by ministers are different. Like the tens of millions of unpleasant words put forward by ministers to correct their mistakes, this is what Yi Yin said to be against his own mind. Has your majesty ever asked for justice? Then, one or two villains, in the name of obedience to the Lord, dare to seduce some unruly, ignorant and shameless people to confuse your Majesty's reason. This is what Yi Yin said to cater to his own ideas. Has your majesty checked his misconduct? Why are those people's words so easy to get away with, and those people's words so hard to adopt? " So he put forward 13 questions to refute Zhang Cong. After the memorial was submitted, it was pressed in the palace by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. At that time, many ministers, such as Zhan Shi, Hanlin, geishizhong, Yushi, six departments, Dali, pedestrian and so on, wrote admonishments. They were all kept in the palace and didn't give a reply. For a time, they were furious. At the end of the early Dynasty, he mengchun called on the ministers of Manchu Dynasty to say: "when Emperor Xianzong was in power, all the officials cried and remonstrated at the Wenhua gate, arguing about the funeral of Empress Dowager Ciyi, and Xianzong finally listened to their opinions. This is the past of the Ming Dynasty. " Yang Shen, a writer of Xiuzhuan, said: "it has been 150 years since the country raised scholars. Whether we can fight for justice depends on our performance today." Wang Yuanzheng, editor in chief, and Zhang Dan, etc. stopped the Minister of Manchuria in the south of Jinshui bridge, saying that if anyone didn't fight hard today, they would beat him together. He mengchun, Jin Xianmin and Xu Wenhua came to call on you again. So Jiuqing, Hanlin, geishizhong, Yushi, and other officials all knelt down to petition at zuoshun gate. Shizong asked the officials in the ceremony to order them to go back. Everyone said, "we must get the emperor's permission before we dare to go back." They knelt down from morning till noon. Shizong gave instructions twice, but they still knelt down and refused to get up. Ming Shizong was so angry that he sent the royal guards to take the lead. So Fengxi, Zhang Dan, Yu Ao, Yu Kuan, Huang Daixian, Tao Zi, Xiang Shifang and Wu Dechun were put into the Royal prison together. So Yang Shen and Wang Yuanzheng knocked on the Palace door and cried out. Everyone cried, too. The sound of crying shocked the imperial palace. Shizong was even more angry, so he ordered to arrest several officials below Wupin, and let he mengchun and others wait for punishment. The next day, 18 people, including editor Wang, were beaten to death by the staff. Feng Xi and others, Yang Shen and Yuan Zheng were demoted or exiled. The emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty sent out the memorials of Meng Chun and others, criticizing him and saying, "I am the emperor. It's my own decision to offer sacrifices to the ancestral temple and respect the great rites of my parents. He mengchun and others are guilty of slandering the monarch, corrupting political affairs and reversing right and wrong. What's more, the 13 opinions submitted by Zhang Cong and others are still in my hands. How did he know them first? I hope he answers me honestly. " So he mengchun and others pleaded guilty, saying: "when Zhang Cong and others didn't hand over the 13 items, they first showed the draft to others, and there were copies stored in the Department of General Administration, so we know it. We're following

Chinese PinYin : He Meng Chun