Zhang Liangui
Zhang Liangui
Zhang Liangui (1838-1897) was born in Putou Township, Jiangdu County, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province in 1838. At the beginning of his career, he was a student in Xianfeng and a doctor in Taichang temple. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the governor of Guangxi. During the Sino French war, the Jinlong cave outside Longzhou was set outside the boundary. Relying on its efforts, it was returned to China. His works include wenxinzhai xuezhizalu, yanqiuyinguan Shichao, etc.
(source of the picture in the overview: Qing Dynasty · < / I > < I > ZHU Naifang < / I > < I > painting of the thirty nine year old portrait of Uncle Dan in the picture of Chengcha Xiangri in the second year of Guangxu) < / I >)
Life of the characters
When he was 5 years old, in 1842, he moved with his father Zhang Xun to the west head of Nanhe xiajie in Jiangdu County, Yangzhou.
At the age of 19, i.e. the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), I was admitted to the county school and was a scholar.
At that time, because the Taiping army occupied Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), Jiangnan Rural examination stopped. He went to Beijing as an attached Gongsheng to participate in the rural examination in shuntianfu, Zhili Province. He was "literate and ancient, not popular, and should not be sold in shuntianfu.".
At that time, Zhang Liangui entered the officialdom as a doctor of Taichang temple in Beijing
Tongzhi of salt transportation and water conservancy in Guilin, Guangxi Province;
County magistrate of Lingchuan County, Guangxi;
He county magistrate of Guangxi Province;
Guangxi Prefecture magistrate;
Guangxi Qingyuan Prefecture magistrate (Ding you did not take office);
Guangdong Gaozhou Prefecture magistrate;
Guangdong Huizhou Prefecture magistrate;
Guangdong Chaozhou Prefecture magistrate;
Guangdong Branch patrol Huichao Jiabing prepared Daoist;
Guangdong grain storage Taoist;
Guangdong Branch patrol Huichao Jiabing prepared Daoist;
Hubei Branch patrols Jingyi to set up troops and prepare Taoist officers;
According to the investigation of Guangxi's sentencing department, according to the investigation of envoys;
Guangxi Chengcheng announced that the Department of political envoys was responsible for the deployment of political envoys;
The full name of the governor of Guangxi is: Governor of Guangxi and other places, governor of military affairs, concurrently managing food and salaries, plus the rank of controlling provincial soldiers and horses, Minister of the Ministry of war, and right deputy censor of the capital.
Zhang Liangui's life, the Qing Dynasty's local officials (seal) in addition to the governor of the level do not pull all over. As an official, he was diligent, able and upright. Because of his attitude and behavior of defending the border between China and Vietnam after the Sino French war and the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he was called a patriotic frontier official by later generations.
Zhang Liangui
Accounting for the family composition of civilians, personal origin as scholar (with tribute),
Finally, the experience of being a feudal official in the Qing Dynasty can be regarded as a legend, and it also reflects the epitome of local politics in the late Qing Dynasty.
Related events
The completion of the survey of the boundary between Guangdong and Vietnam,
The full text is as follows:
For the purpose of drawing and erecting the boundary of western Guangdong, I would like to present my experience in the past years
On the border of Guangxi and Vietnam, Deng Chengxiu, the former Minister of Honglu Temple of Inner Mongolia and Qinling, met with the French envoys Pu Lixie and Dilong. In July of the 13th year of Guangxu, he played with the former governor (former governor: Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Shen Bingcheng, the governor of Guangxi), and sent the plan to the premier's Yamen for inspection.
In September of the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the prime minister to be, the Minister of state affairs (the Minister of state affairs: the Minister of state affairs, also known as the Minister of the General Administration), ordered the officials to set up the boundary plate with the French Pavilion.
After Ma Piyao, a former minister, ordered the governor of Taiping sishundao (Taiping sishundao: Daoyuan is Xiang Wanzhen) to lead him to the frontier. In addition, Li Hanzhang, the governor, sent translators and surveying and mapping personnel to the west, and Ma Shengzhi, the chief soldier of Liuqing Town, took charge of the protection and prevention of Ying Yong.
According to the detailed boundary map of the survey and drawing, the stone will be erected section by section according to the standard, and the completion will be reported to you successively.
Before the official investigation, he made a treaty, which only had a general situation. This time the boundary stone was erected, the survey was precise, and the drawing was detailed. We should have a deep plan there, and we should have a long-term plan. Where there is a junction, set a benchmark first. When you meet a mountain, you will be poor and secluded. When you meet a water, you will reach the top of the peak. When you meet a water, you will reach the harbor and find the shore. The size of villages, the number of fields, the width of ditches and streams, and the straightness of roads should be measured step by step by using western methods. Use a compass to set its direction, and take 180 feet as a mile. Still worried about the boundary of a line, it is easy to be confused for a long time, and the horizontal survey of three li is drawn into the picture. Compare it with the legal person's drawing, and then erect the stone according to the standard.
The whole boundary of Guangxi is more than 1900 Li. From tuncangshan of Tusi prefecture (Tusi Prefecture: Ningming County under the jurisdiction of Chongzuo City, Guangxi Province today) to pingerguan of Longzhou Department (Longzhou Department: Longzhou County under the jurisdiction of Chongzuo City, Guangxi Province today), it is 604 Li, which is the eastern boundary of Guangxi. From pingerguan to Geda village at the border of Yunnan, it is 1297 Li, which is the western boundary of Guangxi.
The eastern boundary is divided into three maps. The former Department of Taiping thought along the way Xiang Wanzhen and the Legalist falanting worked together with the explorers.
The western boundary is divided into five maps. Cai Xiying, the current Taiping sishundao, and Xi Weiyi, the legalist, are also the explorers.
The two sides set up an agreement, and China and France drew two copies of the agreement respectively, signed and sealed, and exchanged one copy. All the places where the stones were erected were annotated with place names in the contract for auditing.
In accordance with the consultation of the premier's Yamen, the Shipai was deeply written in Chinese and foreign languages and buried several feet in order to last for a long time.
Since the beginning of the process, the legal person has been making great efforts to seek for interests.
The people of China and Vietnam, both inside and outside the border, have long been enslaved by the holy land. They all hate the alien race. Not only those who belong to the inland are afraid of becoming foreigners, but also those who live across the border are happy to live in China.
The author said: the words "those who live across the border are also happy to live in the Chinese border" in the above article just confirm the description in the article "the Yunnan Vietnam section, the Guangxi Vietnam section and the Guangdong Vietnam section of the Sino Vietnam border will talk about the survey" written by Mr. long Yongxing: "the local residents do not want to become French subjects, they change their Chinese clothes one after another and point out that the border is in the south."
The minister was familiar with the people's situation and thought that the remote and desolate land belonged to Yudian Zhouyuan (Yudian Zhouyuan: the place where Dayu ruled the land and where zhouyu's father moved, which is the general name of China). He didn't want to make contribution to the development of the country. If he was still involved in it, he would be ashamed to take advantage of it.
However, China is far away from the wrong area and the dangerous and important mountains and rivers, or the people's situation is becoming more and more popular, and they want to return from the beginning; or the situation is concerned, and they maintain the overall situation of border defense; or they are far away from Yunnan, which is the only way to go; or they are close to the tourist atmosphere, which must be controlled. Although those who return to us do not have the benefit of an inch of land, the hidden strategy of consolidating the border (border) is the strategy to avert the danger, and there is a tendency to have to.
The law is cunning, but it's not willing to see me. If there are old plans to follow and agreements to abide by, it is impossible to win by argument or by words. Therefore, those who should be within the scope of me must show the integration of Yang and the control of Yin. Respect the national system, strengthen the border defense, follow the people's will, be honest, devoid of the trace of argument, and have a good feeling of peace.
We have made up for the omissions in the previous figure, and we have corrected all the mistakes, so we are ready to handle them. This all depends on the emperor's heavenly power, is to tame people from afar. If he has something to do with it, he should consult the prime minister, Minister Wang, and the French envoys in Beijing to argue with each other on the basis of reason, stick to justice, and prevent his cunning, so that he can do it. The Taoist explorers and the kaozheng territory, many allusions, to overcome the bottom.
Chen Wei (Wei: thinking) the demarcation of the boundary should be divided, the prevention of leisure should be close, the internal fixation of the people's aspirations, and the external good neighborly relations should be taken into consideration. When Su Yuanchun, a minister of state, led the civil and military forces along the border to be strict and prepared, he added Fu Xun (Fu Xun: pacify, condole, and save compassion) to express his admiration for the vice emperor Suibian Ruyuan (Suibian: stabilize the border region, Rouyuan: pacify the distant country).
In addition to the fact that the boundary map of the East and West roads was submitted to the premier's office in the 17th and 8th year of Guangxu, we hereby submit the whole map and the contract map together for reference.
When all the border affairs in Guangxi are completed, Li He and Li Hanzhang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, will give a lecture to the emperor.
Thank you very much.
(the above-mentioned military aircraft records of the Qing Dynasty are kept in the library and Literature Department of the Palace Museum of Taiwan, No. 134508)
His main works are: yanqiuyinguan poetry copy, yanqiuyinguan poetry continuation, wenxinzhai academic governance miscellaneous record, wenxinzhai academic governance continuation, Zhang Zhongcheng Memorial.
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Lian Gui
Zhang Liangui
