Zhang Lei

Zhang Lei

Zhang Lei (L ě I) (1054-1114) was born in Qiao County, Bozhou City, Anhui Province. He is known as Mr. wanqiu and Mr. Zhang Youshi. He was a minister and a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

During the Xining reign of emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he was a Jinshi in the examination, and successively served as linhuai's chief bookkeeper, writer and historian. In the early years of Shaosheng, zhe Zong knew Runzhou by zhilongge. At the beginning of Huizong of Song Dynasty, he was called Shaoqing of Taichang and became one of the four Su men scholars (Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi), who died the latest and was deeply influenced by Tang Yin. As a member of Yuanyou party, he was relegated to Chenzhou. In 1114, he died at the age of 61.

Zhang Lei's poetics, Bai Juyi and Zhang Ji, are easy and comfortable, not yet carved, but they are often careless and careless; their poems are rarely spread, and their language is fragrant and graceful, and their style is similar to that of Liu Yong and Qin Guan. His representative works are "youth Tour", "romantic" and so on. "Youth Tour" describes the girl's feelings and thoughts, and the shy girl's mood suddenly appears on the paper, which makes people envy Aisha. The tender feeling is so wonderful that it's a bit "too thick to melt". His works include Ke Shan Ji, Wan Qiu Ji and Ke Shan Shi Yu.

Life of the characters

Zhang Lei was originally from Qiao County of Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui), and later moved to Shanyang County (now Huai'an District of Huai'an City, formerly Huai'an City at the county level). Ma duanlin wrote "people of Qiaojun" in the general textual research of literature, and Qin Shaoyou recorded in the book of the virtuous pictures of Jin Dynasty: "Zhang Wenqian and Yu of duqiaojun think otherwise..." In the story of thinking of huaiting, he said that "to Huainan people, from childhood to strong, they are accustomed to Huaihe and enjoy it.". His grandfather worked in Fujian Province. After his father became a scholar, he became an official in all directions and became a judge of the third Department of justice. Because he was close to the old, he begged to leave Beijing to be a magistrate of Wujiang. My mother, Li Wenan. His grandfather Li Zongyi was the magistrate of Qiaoxian county with his works Zuo Lang, and he was the Minister of the government. He knew the Guanghua military and served as Shaoqing of Taichang. He was famous for his poems and was good at writing poems. He was deeply appreciated by Yan Shu, a great poet at that time. It was in such a family that Zhang Lei had been influenced by the orthodox feudal poetry and etiquette since he was a child. In addition, he was a student of Shanyang school. When he was young, he showed his inspiration for the diction. He was good at writing when he was three years old. At the age of 17, he wrote the ode to Han Guan and recited it. After that, he traveled to Chenzhou and got the love of Su Zhe, who was in Chenwei Academy at that time. In 1071, before Su Shi took office in Hangzhou, he came to Chenzhou to say goodbye to his younger brother. Zhang Lei was able to meet Su Shi and was very popular. Since then, he became a guest of Su's brothers and was recommended to Suzhou by Dongpo. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), when Zhang Lei was 20 years old, he was appointed Jinshi by shenzongqince, and Wang Anshi was in charge of the promotion. He was awarded linhuai (now Sixian County, Anhui Province) as the master, and began to enter the official career. In the eighth year of Xining reign, Su Shi built "transcendent platform" in Mizhou. Zhang Lei wrote "transcendent platform Fu" at request. Su Shi called him "transcendent and outstanding", which was the beginning of their poetry communication. Before and after this, Zhang Lei and Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi also had poetry and prose, and became intimate friends.

From the sixth year of Xining to the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1073-1085), Zhang Lei worked in Anhui, Henan and other places for more than ten years as a county officer and county magistrate. Because of his rank full, he constantly changed his official position and traveled between Beijing and Luoyang. "I'm clumsy, and I've been trapped for ten years." "mourning for the past." "I'm lonely, holding his wife, eating everywhere, and I don't know where I'm going." "Shangcai Shilang book" describes this experience. Zhang Lei was a clean and honest official. He wanted to support his parents with his meager salary, and he was indifferent to his life. However, his misfortunes came frequently. His parents and ex-wife died one after another. His family situation was deteriorating, and he was in financial difficulties.

In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Shenzong collapsed, and the young zhezong ascended the throne. The Empress Dowager Gao, who supported the old party, listened to the government behind the curtain and appointed Sima Guang, the anti reform school. Su Shi and Su Zhe were transferred to Jinjing successively. In 1086, the minister fan Chunren recommended Zhang Lei to take the imperial college examination. Huang Tingjian, Chao Buzhi and others were recommended to take the exam. They were proposed by Su Shi, the academician of the Han Dynasty,

Zhang Lei was appointed as the Secretary of the provincial Zhengzi, and then successively served as the author of the book, Secretary Cheng, historian review, until the living room. In the spring of the second year of Yuanyou (1087), Su Shi presided over the tribute and examination of the Ministry of rites, and Zhang Lei was employed as a paper reader, who was admitted to the examination institute to inspect the examination papers. In the third year of Yuanyou (1088), Qin Guan was summoned to the capital to serve as a doctor of imperial learning, Secretary of correction, and also under Su Shi. In the hush of the day with Zhang Lei or wine banquets, or travel with Kyoto scenic spots, poetry singing, painting postscript, mutual training, by Sushi smoked mu. This is an unforgettable happy time for them, and also a great event in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. They "write a poem, people fight to recite it, the price of paper is expensive.". In the eighth year of Guange, Zhang Lei was destined to visit the national collection of books, and lived a life of "books piled beside the pillow, and the compilation of bamboo slips depended on each other". His literary and Han studies were also getting better and better.

After song zhezong came to power, the new party gained power and tried its best to revenge yuan you's old ministers. With Su Shi and others being demoted, Su's disciples were also implicated. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Zhang Lei moved to Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng) where he knew Runzhou (now Zhenjiang) by zhilongtuge. In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he demoted Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) to supervise the liquor tax, and then demoted Fuzhou (song place name, now Tianmen, Hubei Province) to supervise jingling county's liquor tax. Yuanfu two years (1099) for Huangzhou Tongtan. When Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty ascended the throne, at the age of 47, Zhang Lei was called Shaoqing of Taichang for a short time. Later, he was appointed governor of Yanzhou and Yingzhou (now Fuyang). At that time, Su Shi moved to the mainland from Hainan, and Zhang Lei wrote a poem to celebrate, "what's the wind and sun like this morning? The old man from Antarctica came to the mountains. This man is like a white jade tree. He has been gathering for thousands of years. " Soon, the bad news came that Su Shi died in Changzhou on the way. Zhang Lei mourned for a generation of literary masters and teachers in Yingzhou. In 1102, he was demoted to Fangzhou (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) and was placed in Huangzhou. This was the third time that he was demoted there in just six or seven years. He had lived in Huangzhou for seven or eight years. As a courtier, he could not live in official houses and Buddhist temples, but rented houses beside Keshan. It is natural to feel disconsolate and inexplicable that there are withered trees and withered Artemisia. However, "fish on the river are rich in spring and water, and beautiful blue clouds and servant girls in the south of the Yangtze River" also gives him a lot of comfort. It is particularly worth mentioning that at the foot of Keshan, Zhang Lei and Su Shi's disciple pan Dalin became close neighbors. They comforted each other, helped each other and observed the festival together. It is reported that Qu ruwen, the prefect at that time, felt pity for his poor family and wanted to buy a share of public land for him to grow beans, millet and vegetables to supplement his family. Zhang Lei refused to take it. It was the sadness and joy here that made him unforgettable, so he called himself "Keshan".

In the fourth year of Chongning (1105), Qin Guan's son was buried in Yangzhou with his father's coffin in Tengzhou (today's Tengxian County, Guangxi). When he passed by Huangzhou, Zhang Lei held a memorial ceremony on the river. He cried bitterly for his friend's "running through the miasmatic sea, and his servants were poor". Before his tears dried, Huang Tingjian died one after another. In the fifth year of Chongning, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty ordered the removal of all party prohibitions, and Zhang Lei had to live at will. In the winter of this year, he passed Yingzhou from Huangzhou and returned to his hometown Huai'an, where he lived for more than a year. During the Daguan period, he moved to Chenzhou, supervised Nanyue temple and was in charge of Chongfu palace. Due to his long-term idleness in his later years, he was very poor and ill. It is said in the book that "the meat is like a rhymer, and the fast is like a law holder.". Women are worried about the cold, while men are embarrassed to mend their train. He has been ill for three times, and has given up a bowl of rice. The long bottle lies in the corner of the wall, and the short brown one falls into the sky. In the morning, I drink a few pearls of fire. " It can be imagined that he had lost his food and clothing at that time, and he had lost his meat taste in March.

Although the political environment was so bad and the life was so poor, the poet did not give in to the decadent Caijing group. To hear that Su Shi is conceited and abides by it all his life. Even if he is hit, he doesn't regret it, which is the greatest aspiration of his life. After Su Zhe and Chao Buzhi died, the poet also died in loneliness and pain. According to Qianlong's "Shanyang County annals", he was buried in his hometown Huai'an "governing the northern seven Li".

According to Lu You's notes of laoxue'an, "Wen Qian's three sons: Zhen, Cao and he, all ranked first among Jinshi. He and straw died in Chen's army. He was an instructor in Shaanxi Province. He buried his second brother and was killed by thieves. Wen Qian has no future, so he can be sad. "

Main impact

Work style

In his early years, he lived in poverty and was exiled. Later, he was relegated many times. He was a local humble official for a long time, and had a deep understanding of social reality. Therefore, he cared about the working people. For example, in the poem Laoge, he pitied those "heavy-duty people" who had "enough muscles and bones" and "half empty back", and in the poem he Chao Ying's sympathy for the peasants, he paid special attention to those "being punished at night for thieves" "Nanshan Zhuang'er" with sympathy and so on, and so on. It is also because of his sense of compassion for the peasants that he follows Su Shi in his political views and opposes Wang Anshi's "reform". In practice, he advocates enriching the country and strengthening the people, reforming the bad government, so as to reduce the burden of the people. This is essentially different from Sima Guang's pure conformism. At the same time, in the face of Liao and Xia's invasion of the Northern Song Dynasty, he also actively advocated opening up the border to resist the enemy and establishing the qigong. His "youth trip", "six horses in Zhaoling", "listening to Hakka talk about the story of Chanyuan" are all permeated with a strong patriotic spirit, which makes people feel very excited.

Character evaluation

Zhang Lei had a bumpy career in his life, but he never forgot to write poems. His works have been published many times by posterity. They are called "Ke Shan Ji", "Zhang You Shi Wen Ji", "Wan Qiu Ji" and so on. Today's "Zhang Lei Ji" by Li Yi'an, sun Tong Hai and Fu Xin has about 2300 poems and nearly 300 essays, historical comments and comments. It's really a grand view! In his early years, his poetry system was plump and the syllables were clear. Dongpo called it "Wang Yang dilute, there are three songs in one song"

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Lei