Zhang Yan

Zhang Yan

Zhang Yan (1248-about 1320) was named Shuxia, Yutian and lexiaoweng. Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a famous poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. The sixth grandson of Zhang Jun.

Both grandfather Zhang Ru and father Zhang Shu are good at rhyme. In the first half of his life, Zhang Yan had no worries about wealth. In 1276, the yuan army conquered Lin'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed. Zhang Ru, Zhang Yan's grandfather, was killed by the Yuan people, and his wealth was stolen. After that, the family was in a state of decline, and it was difficult to be self-sufficient. He once traveled north to seek an official position in yanzhao, but he was frustrated and returned to the south. He lived in Lin'an for a long time and ended up in a state of depression.

He is the author of "white clouds in the mountains" and has 302 poems.

Overview map reference: "Zhang Yanxiang" < / I >

Life of the characters

Zhang Yan, born in 1248 of Chunyou, lived in a noble family for the first half of his life.

In 1276, Lin'an was captured, Zhang Yan's grandfather was killed by Yuan soldiers, and Zhang Jia's native place was also lost. From then on, Zhang Yan's family was poor and difficult to support himself. At that time, Zhang Yan was 29 years old. Three years later, the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed, and then Zhang Yan lived in seclusion between East and West Zhejiang.

In 1290, he visited the capital of the Yuan Dynasty once in the north and returned to the south the next year.

From 1291 to 1315, he wandered between Wu and Yue.

In his later years, he retired to Hangzhou and made a living by selling divination in Siming bookstore.

Character achievement

It is worth noting that Zhang Yan is the last important author of Song Ci. Generally speaking, when choosing a Book of Song Ci, you have to choose Zhang Yan at the end of the book. When talking about it at the end, you also have to talk about Zhang Yan. It can be said that in the long soft Song Ci, Zhang Yan's Ci is the last syllable and the last song. Because his ci expresses the pain of the decline of the country and is extremely desolate, it can also be said that his voice is the voice of the times at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In his whole life, he was so arrogant and arrogant that he was almost drunk in front of the flowers every day. So much so that Zheng Sixiao commented on him: "advocating the sound of spring in the prosperous world can make the scenery of the west lake beautiful and clear in the next 30 years."

Zhang Yan is proficient in temperament, sound and rhyme, meticulous, words and sentences. He advocated "Qing Kong" and "Sao Ya", and admired Zhou Bangyan and Jiang Kui. Write more personal sorrow and good at chanting things, often with the pen of emptiness, write the sorrow of decline, with a clear mark of the times. In the history of literature, Jiang Kui is called "Jiang Zhang", and Jiang Jie, Wang Yisun and Zhou Mi are called "four great poets in the late Song Dynasty".

However, due to his excessive pursuit of local poetic and picturesque, he inevitably lost the emptiness in the overall conception, so it is rare for him to have a broad realm and a high conception.

He is also a famous CI theorist. His etymology has left a lot of enlightenment for later generations in the study of the form of CI. In the part of discussing music rules, the book keeps rich information about music words, which is an authoritative theoretical monograph. There are a lot of experience in his creative ideas, which emphasize artistic feeling, artistic imagination and artistic form, and can still be referred to up to now. However, his ideas have a family view, which is inevitably biased. This book is divided into 13 parts: making music, syntax, literal, empty, interest, using things, chanting things, stanza preface, Fu Qing, Ling Qu and zalun. The highest standards of his ci are "high interest", "elegance", "emptiness".

personal works

Zhang Yan is a famous metrist in Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Yan studied Zhou Bangyan's Ci Poetry in his early years, and was deeply influenced by Jiang Kui's style of Ci poetry. He paid attention to the rhyme and form skills, and wrote more about sightseeing in the mountains and lakes, romantic scenery and snow moon, reflecting the leisurely life of noble childe. With the death of Song Dynasty, the pain of his country and family, and the misery of wandering in the rivers and lakes, the style of his ci gradually changed. He is good at describing scenery and chanting things. His style is desolate and his feelings are changeable. The rhyme of Ci is harmonious, the sentences are refined, and the words are elegant and clear. Etymology by Zhang Yan is an influential monograph on CI. The first volume is the theory of music, in which the melody of Ci is particularly auspicious; the second volume is the theory of creation, in which the form of Ci is mostly discussed. He advocated that good CI should be highly meaningful, elegant and just, clear artistic conception, and take it as the highest standard of CI. But he regarded the bold and unconstrained Ci of Xin Qiji and Liu Guo as "non elegant Ci", which reflected his artistic characteristics of emphasizing form. The practice of Ci in the book includes his personal creative experience, some of which are still useful today. He is keen on the study of Ci and has written two volumes of etymology. There are eight volumes of the collection of Ci Poetry of white clouds in the mountains, which contains about 300 Ci poems.

The main representative works are Nanpu, gaobalcony, yuexiadi, jielianhuan, Ganzhou, etc.

Character evaluation

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Jingzhiju Shihua

The writer of Ci in the west of Zhejiang Province lives in white stone but lives in Yutian

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Selected contents of Ci Poetry of the four schools of Song Dynasty

Yutian talent is not high, specializing in grinding and carving, head for foot

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Zhou Ji's Jie Cun Zhai on CI

There is no open way to gather grain for rice and hold boat

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Wang Guowei

Yutian's Ci, the rest can be evaluated by one of the words, which is called "yulaotian wasteland".

Su and Xin are the craziness in CI, but Baishi is also the best. If Mengchuang, Meixi, Yutian, caochuang and Zhonglu are different in appearance, they all belong to the local wish

White stone has bones, but Yutian has begging ears.

member of family

Great grandfather

Zhang Bi, a poet and painter, is the author of yuzhaotang CI

grandfather

Zhang Ru, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty, once led the troops to dusongguan. He was punished by the yuan army for beheading yuan envoys by mistake.

father

Zhang Shu, a fine musician, and Zhou Mi are friends of Ci poetry. There is Ji Xian CI.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Yan