He Shuheng
He Shuheng
He Shuheng (1876-february 24, 1935) < / I >, named Yuheng and Huhuang, was born in a peasant family in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. He is a proletarian revolutionist and a representative of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China.
In 1913, he Shuheng was admitted to the workshop of Hunan Provincial First Normal University. He was like-minded with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and other students and became his best friend. After graduating from the first normal university, he successively taught in Changsha Chuyi school and primary school attached to the first normal university, and actively participated in the revolutionary activities organized by Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen. In the winter of 1920, he Shuheng and Mao Zedong jointly founded the early organization of the Communist Party of Hunan. In July 1921, he attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and became one of the founders of the party. In June 1928, he went to Moscow to attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In November 1931, he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the Soviet Republic of China. He served as a member of the people's Procuratorate for workers and peasants of the Provisional Central Government, acting Minister of the interior people's Committee, and chairman of the provisional Supreme Court. In October 1934, after the main long march of the Central Red Army, he Shuheng was ordered to stay in the central revolutionary base and persist in guerrilla warfare. On February 24, 1935, when he was transferred from Jiangxi to Fujian, he died in the battle of Changting. He was 59 years old.
On September 10, 2009, he was rated as one of the 100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China.
Life of the characters
In 1876, he Shuheng was born into a peasant family in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. As a child, he worked as a farmer and studied in a private school for eight years intermittently. In 1902, he Shuheng was admitted as a scholar. The county government asked him to manage the money and grain. However, he was angry at the dark and decadent Yamen and was willing to go home to farm and teach in private schools. Although he was ridiculed as a "poor scholar", he was praised in the countryside for his integrity and hatred of evil. In 1913, he Shuheng was admitted to the workshop of Hunan Provincial First Normal University. He was like-minded with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and other students and became his best friend. After graduating from the first normal university, he successively taught in Changsha Chuyi school and primary school attached to the first normal university, and actively participated in the revolutionary activities organized by Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen. During the May 4th movement, he Shuheng and the progressive teachers in Changsha supported the students' anti imperialist and patriotic actions. In March 1920, he took part in the struggle to expel Zhang Jingyao, a warlord of Anhui. In the summer of 1920, he and Mao Zedong initiated and organized Hunan Russian Research Association, and successively introduced Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Xiao Jingguang and other progressive youth to Shanghai foreign language school to study Russian and study in Russia. In the winter of 1920, he Shuheng and Mao Zedong jointly founded the early organization of the Communist Party of Hunan. In July 1921, he attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China and became one of the founders of the party. In October, he participated in the establishment of the Hunan Branch of the CPC and served as a member of the branch. He was a member of the Hunan District Executive Committee of the CPC in 1922. In Hunan, we should vigorously develop party members and grassroots organizations and carry out revolutionary activities. during the first period of KMT communist cooperation, according to the requirements of the party, he developed KMT organizations in Hunan and promoted the development of the national revolution. He once served as executive member and supervisory member of the KMT Hunan provincial Party department. After the horse Japan incident in 1927, he Shuheng went to Shanghai to set up an underground printing factory for the party and insisted on a secret struggle. In June 1928, he went to Moscow to attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In September, he entered Sun Yat sen University in Moscow and studied in special classes with Xu Teli, Wu Yuzhang, Dong Biwu and Lin Boqu. In July 1930, after studying in the Soviet Union and returning home, he was in charge of the work of the national mutual aid society in Shanghai, organized the rescue of the arrested comrades, and transferred the comrades whose identities were exposed to the Soviet area. In November 1931, he Shuheng entered the central revolutionary base and was elected member of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China. He served as a member of the people's Procuratorate for workers and peasants of the Provisional Central Government, acting Minister of the people's interior Committee, chairman of the provisional Supreme Court, etc. In October 1934, after the main long march of the Central Red Army, he Shuheng was ordered to stay in the central revolutionary base, adhere to guerrilla war, and withstood the severe test of life and death. On February 24, 1935, when he was transferred from Jiangxi to Fujian, he made a heroic sacrifice in the battle of breaking through the encirclement in Changting, fulfilling the oath of "I will shed the last drop of blood for the Soviet". He was 59 years old at that time.
Character events
He Shuheng has been a teacher for decades. He likes to wear long clothes. After joining the Communist Party, he still looks like an old-fashioned scholar. Some people even say he is old and stupid. Those who know him well know that he is not only shrewd, but also enthusiastic. Mao Zedong once said, "he beard is a cow and a bunch of feelings." In the autumn of 1927, he Shuheng was transferred from Hunan to Shanghai. Some leaders of the Provisional Central Committee thought he had the old-fashioned literati habit, so he was sent to the streets to carry out propaganda and agitation as an exercise to participate in the first-line struggle. At that time, Street police spies arrested people everywhere. He Shuheng could not speak Shanghai dialect and was not familiar with the local situation. He was soon arrested in the street propaganda with several other people. When he was taken to the police station for interrogation, he Shuheng's appearance and adaptability saved him. At that time, almost all the young people who joined the Communist Party were hot-blooded. Therefore, after examining he Shuheng repeatedly, the interrogator felt that he was not a revolutionary, but a wrong "local scholar". So he tentatively asked, "do you know what the Communist Party is and what the Kuomintang is?" He Shuheng deliberately shook his head and answered in a cadenced voice: "I am a scholar. How can I not know? The three people's principles of the Communist Party and the five power constitution of the Kuomintang are also true Then he Shuheng began to talk about Confucius' Analects of Confucius. Before he finished speaking, he heard a startling clap and said, "get out of here!" He Shuheng walked out slowly. Later, by interrogating others, the interrogator learned that the man who had just been released was actually one of the senior members of the Communist Party of China. His head was awarded tens of thousands of yuan, and then he sent someone to chase him, but there was no trace. After the long march of the main Red Army, he Shuheng stayed in southern Jiangxi for nearly sixty years. At the beginning of 1935, the KMT army was approaching from all sides, and Xiang Ying, Secretary of the Central Bureau, sent an undercover team to send he Shuheng and Qu Qiubai to West Fujian. They traveled day and night, and arrived near Shuikou Town of Shanghang County in the early hours of February 14. the plain clothes team, who was not familiar with the strange environment, was careless for a moment. After daybreak, they cooked in the village and smoked. As a result, the second battalion of the security regiment soon surrounded them. Dozens of plainclothes soldiers rushed to the mountain in the south of the village with rifles, and the bandits were chasing them. Gasping for breath, he Shuheng was not willing to drag down his comrades. He called to Deng Zihui, the leader of the team, with a pale face: "shoot me!" Deng Zihui asked the secret agent (guard) to run with him. When he reached a cliff, he Shuheng suddenly broke away from the guard and jumped down. Deng Zihui later painfully recalled that when they crossed the mountain and beat back the pursuers by relying on a small river, he Shuheng might not have been killed if he Shuheng could be carried for another section. According to Deng Zihui's recollection, later generations have long believed that he Shuheng fell off a cliff and died. In the 1960s, the local public security organ in Fujian tried a reactionary group at that time, but only then did it know the further details. According to the killer, he and another regiment found an old man lying on the cliff after the war. He had broken his head and blood, and found silver and Hong Kong dollars in his clothes. When the two guys searched, the old man suddenly woke up, held the murderer's leg and wanted to fight. As a result, he was shot twice in a row. He Shuheng was famous for his fortitude when he was a member of the Xinmin society. His meticulousness in the face of adversity is the expression of his character.
family life
Stepson: he Xinjiu
Character evaluation
Mao Zedong spoke highly of his revolutionary spirit and working ability, saying that "Uncle Weng can handle affairs in the overall situation.". < / I > "work hard, bear heavy burdens, and your feelings are burning." "The iron bone clanks, the heroic death, Gao fengliangjie ten thousand years type." (comments on he Shuheng's confidant and poet Xiao Sanping) < I > < / I > < I > < / I > "I will shed the last drop of blood for the Soviet." the clang oath of a Communist Party member is always remembered by people. "If you don't look back when you are in danger, when will you bury the plum blossom?" Xie Juezai once wrote poems to express his wish to bury he Shuheng, but only he Shuheng's spectacle frame, inkstone and other relics were found. His loyalty has long been integrated into his beloved land. And this land is comforting his immortal spirit with prosperity and vitality. As one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, he Shuheng worked as a scholar, ran a school, edited a newspaper, and participated in the leadership of the central government of workers and peasants. the key to the continuous ideological change of an old-fashioned scholar lies in he Shuheng's willingness to join the radical youth and participate in the practice of change. People can see in history that he has set the oldest record in several aspects -- a normal student, a member of the Xinmin society, and a representative of the first university In fact, this just shows that he is always in the ranks of young people and has a never old heart. Therefore, he was praised as a model for the elderly, the middle-aged and the young.
Commemoration of later generations
On September 10, 2009, he was rated as one of the 100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China.
Chinese PinYin : He Shu Heng
He Shuheng
