Zhang Tingyu

Zhang Tingyu

Zhang Tingyu

(October 29, 1672 to April 30, 1755)

Hengchen

, No

Yan Zhai

From Tongcheng, Anhui Province. He is the second son of Zhang Ying, an outstanding politician in Qing Dynasty.

In the 39th year of Emperor Kangxi (1700), he became a Jinshi, changed into a Shu Ji Shi, granted self-criticism, and entered the southern study and the center of power. In the Kangxi Dynasty, officials went to the left servant of the Ministry of punishment to straighten out the administration of officials. After Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, he successively served as the Minister of rites, the Minister of household, the Minister of Li, the Minister of Baibao and Dian (the first assistant of the cabinet), and the chief minister of military aircraft, which improved the system of military aircraft department. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, the monarch and his ministers became suspicious gradually, and they returned home after becoming officials. Qianlong 20 years (1755), died at home, 84 years old, posthumous title“

Wen he

”He was the only Han official in the Qing Dynasty who was entitled to the imperial temple.

Zhang Tingyu has successively served as the editor of "personal expedition to pingdingshuo in the north", vice president of "Shengzu record of Qing Dynasty", "Ming history", "four dynasties history", "Qing Huidian" and "Shizong record".

Life of the characters

A new official career

Zhang Ying, Zhang Tingyu and Zhang ruoai, three generations of ancestors and grandchildren, served in the inner court in Tongcheng, Anhui Province in the Qing Dynasty. They were very popular among the three emperors of Kang, Yong and Qian. They could be described as "wearing all kinds of clothes" and were full of red and purple. Zhang Tingyu, in particular, "ascended the imperial court for 50 years, wrote a long poem for 27 years, and wrote a banquet for 24 years.

Zhang Tingyu was born in the capital on September 9, 1672.

In 1697, Zhang Tingyu, 26, was ready to take part in the examination, but his father, Zhang Ying, was ordered to be the chief executive officer, so he avoided the examination. In 1699, Zhang Tingyu's wife Yao passed away and her father Zhang Ying ascended the throne.

In the 39th year of Kangxi (1700), he was awarded the title of Imperial Academy scholar. In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), Zhang Tingyu was granted the Imperial Academy review and began to serve as the editor of the personal expedition to pacify shuobi Lue. In April of the 43rd year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1704), he entered the South study. Emperor Kangxi called him to changchunyuan to inquire about his father Zhang Ying's recent situation. Zhang Tingyu wrote two seven character poems, which were praised by Emperor Kangxi. On that day, he was ordered to serve in the South study, with a few pearls and four official colors. "Chen (seven o'clock in the morning) enters Xu (nine o'clock in the evening), and there is no empty day at the age of ten. There are 11 times of qicong outside the Great Wall. In summer, they will escape from the hot river, and in autumn, they will hunt in the frontier. Emperor Shengzu drove a long-distance tour through the Mongolian tribes, saying that "the poor border is absolutely desert, and Yu (Tingyu) is all written by ER.". Zhang Tingyu lives in the inner court, inherits his father's career, and "holds the key for a long time, and simply assumes the responsibility of confidentiality".

After the 44th year of Kangxi (1705), he made many tours to the South and Mongolia with Kangxi. In June 1708, the 47th year of Kangxi, Zhang Tingyu's mother died. In September, her father Zhang Ying died. He still served as an official. In February of 1712, Kangxi was the examiners. In April, he was awarded the title of "horse washing" by the Bureau of economic affairs, and also compiled by the Imperial Academy. In the 55th year of Kangxi (1716), he was awarded the bachelor degree of cabinet and Minister of rites. In December of the 56th year of Kangxi (January of 1718), he served as a preacher of Jingyan. In October 1718, he served as the official of the examination paper of wuyingdian, and in November, he served as the vice president of the provincial grand ceremony.

In May of the 59th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1720), he was granted the title of Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of punishment. In the next year, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of officials and academician of the Imperial Academy. In February of the 60th year of Kangxi (1721), Zhang Tingyu, who was the right servant of the Ministry of punishment, went to Shandong with the order of Dutong to deal with the case of "gathering people to plunder tunzhuang" safely. In June, the left servant of the diaoli department. He "no bud and, Du please flower, file Mei solemnly". Not long after Zhang Tingyu was involved in politics, his talent came to the fore.

Highly valued

In November 1722, Emperor Kangxi died in changchunyuan, and Yinzhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, was admitted to chengdatong. After 20 or 30 years of arduous and fierce struggle, Yin Zhen deeply felt that the throne was hard won. In order to realize his long cherished wish to win the throne, he vigorously supported and cultivated his own power. He once said: "in order to be in power, we should take people as our priority, but we should not take them as our own. Although we eat the law, we can only listen to it, but we can't help the people." Therefore, Zhang Tingyu was carefully selected as the main assistant to assist him in planning the military and national affairs. Zhang Tingyu described Yin Zhen's love for him in the chronicle of master Chenghuai and gave him high hopes. First of all, he has excellent knowledge, and he is "magnanimous, clear-cut and talented". Second, he was the son of his mentor Zhang Ying. This is a rare intimate person for Yin Zhen in the future. After the emperor's new death, Yin Zhen ascended to the top. He ordered Zhang Tingyu, who was also a bachelor, to cooperate with Acton, who was the head of the Imperial Academy, to do calligraphy for important ceremonies, and to offer several feasts to tell the text. At the turn of Kang and Yong dynasties, the government affairs were complicated, and the edicts were issued dozens of times a day, all of which were ordered by Zhang Tingyu. If there was an emergency, Yin Zhen ordered him to enter the university to dictate the general idea, or to write on the ground in front of the emperor, or to teach a few words across the curtain. The manuscript was presented to the emperor, "delicate and detailed, knowing that it should be holy.". In December of the same year, it was specially granted the Minister of rites, and pointed out that "if I think four times, you are not competent.". From then on, Zhang Tingyu became one of the Privy ministers.

In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Zhang Tingyu returned to the South study and became a master of princes with Zhu Shi and others. In April, he was appointed as the chief examiner of shuntianfu rural examination. Yongzheng emperor jiaqigong Shen, plus Prince Taibao. In August, he took charge of the affairs of the Imperial Academy. In September, he was transferred to the Secretary of the Ministry of accounts. In October, Zhang Tingyu was appointed president of the four dynasties. In the early years of Yongzheng, the Qing government used a large number of troops in the northwest of Junggar. Because the two generals lost the plane, the Junbu rebels repeatedly disturbed the border. Emperor Yongzheng was in a state of anxiety and frequently gave advice. Zhang Tingyu "daily service within the value, from morning to evening, dare not retreat, between waiting to a drum or two.". Yongzheng six years (1728 years) in March, Jin Baohe palace bachelor. Soon he was also in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of official affairs.

In 1729, Yongzheng set up a military aircraft department in longzongmen, and ordered Zhang Tingyu, Prince Yi Yinxiang and Jiang Tingxi to take charge of it. The general of Emperor Yongzheng should hand over the matter to Prince Yinxiang, Zhang Tingyu and Jiang Tingxi. After that, Emperor Yongzheng's cabinet was outside the gate of Taihe, and his attendants revealed that "the military plane was set up inside the gate of longzong, which was the general assembly of the government". Zhang Tingyu drew up the rules and regulations for handling the military aircraft Department: "Chen Zou, the Minister of General Administration, drafted the order from the top to the bottom of the cabinet; he used the discount for the important affairs, drafted the order from the top to the bottom of the military aircraft department, and pro Royal calligraphy wholesale.". It should be said that the establishment of military aircraft department by Emperor Yongzheng was mainly planned by Zhang Tingyu. It is from this time on that the Bachelor "must act as the Minister of military aircraft before he can give political affairs. Every day, he will be called to accept orders, regulate political affairs, and participate in confidential affairs.". Zhang Tingyu was not only in charge of military affairs, but also in charge of the Ministry of officials and the Ministry of household affairs. Qianlong, the president of the Qing Dynasty, laid a foundation for the establishment of the political system of the Qing Dynasty.

In July of 1734, the emperor of Yongzheng summoned two generals to return to Beijing to discuss with the princes and the ministers of culture and military in Manchu and Han Dynasties. Baltu, Prince of heshuokang, advocated that the soldiers of the two routes had been stationed in the border areas, that the terrain of the rebels had been well understood, and that the grain and grass, horses and camels, military uniforms and equipment were all well prepared. Take this North Road, West Road "date together, and annihilate.". At that time, most of them advocated the use of troops. Zhang Tingyu insisted on sending envoys to announce the edict, and drafted a draft of memorials. More than ten ministers signed with him. Emperor Yongzheng finally adopted Zhang Tingyu's suggestion. Zhang Tingyu's remarks had a great influence on Emperor Yongzheng, although the rebellion of the Junbu was finally solved by war.

one has reached the highest rank open to a subject

In 1735, Emperor Yongzheng was critically ill. At the end of his life, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Yunlu, Zhuang Qin, and ertai, the great scholar, were equal to ministers who were in charge of their orders. In the last imperial edict, Zhang Tingyu was entitled to the imperial temple in the future. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he was appointed by Emperor Daxing to be assisted by Wang Yunlu, the prince of Zhuang, Yunli, ertai and Zhang Tingyu. Because of their plea, they were qualified as the prime minister. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Zhang Tingyu was once again ordered to be the master of the prince, still in charge of the Imperial Academy. In February, Emperor Qianlong paid a personal visit to jingling mausoleum, and Zhang Tingyu and Minister Wang stayed in Beijing for premier affairs. Since then, whenever the emperor visited Beijing, Zhang Tingyu always stayed in Beijing for premier affairs. Emperor Qianlong always kept him in Beijing as prime minister, stayed in the Forbidden City at night, tested the imperial examination, selected talents, inspected and recommended officials. Although Zhang Tingyu had a lot of government affairs, he was also awarded the title of Prince master of Yong and Qian dynasties because of his profound academic knowledge. He was also the chief executive of compiling such important classics as the record of emperor Shengzu of the Qing Dynasty, the history of the Ming Dynasty, the great collection of Qing Dynasty, Huangqing Wenying, the record of emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty, and Yudi.

In November 1737, the second year of Qianlong reign, he was granted the title of "qinyi" to the Minister of prime minister affairs, jiabaita rablehafan, the third earl. In the third year of Qianlong (1738), Emperor Qianlong will visit Biyong school and hold the ancient ceremony of "three Lao and five Geng". Zhang Tingyu pointed out in Shangshu that "when dealing with people, things start from time to time". In the same year, in the name of premier's affairs, he took the lead as a bachelor.

In October of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1743), the imperial court recited, "the method of selecting scholars should not be used exclusively for the examination of scholars, nor should it be used exclusively for the production of Arts.". He "insisted that we should not change, but still be good.". Some court officials also asked for "equalization of land and restriction of land". He also insisted that it should not be allowed to do so on the ground that "things are difficult to do, but they are troublesome and tiresome". Although these things did not affect Emperor Qianlong's favor on him, for example, in the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Tingyu was granted the title of count instead of being granted the title of Duke Hou Bo, which was a special favor. However, the obstinacy and excitement of Zhang Tingyu, who was over the age of 60, gradually led to a rift between him and Emperor Qianlong.

In April of the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), ertai

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ting Yu