Zhang Dai

Zhang Dai

Zhang Dai (October 5, 1597-1689?) In his later years, he was called Liuxiu Jushi, a native of Shanyin, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing), and his ancestral home was Mianzhu, Sichuan Province (so he called himself "Shu Ren").

Zhang Dai was born in an official family. In his early years, he suffered from phlegm disease and lived in his grandfather Tao Dashun's family for a long time. He was called "today's Jiang Yan" by his uncle Tao chongdao because of his wisdom and kindness. He put forward the view that "if you paint with poetry, you can't paint well; if you take poetry as poetry, you can't do well"; he wrote many poems in Tianqi and early Chongzhen After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he avoided the disaster of war in Shanzhong and lived in seclusion in Siming Mountain. He persisted in poverty and devoted himself to writing Tao An Meng Yi and Shi Kui Shu. In 1665, he wrote his own epitaph and died. In 1689, he died at the age of 93 Later, he was buried in shanyinxiang.

In history, Zhang Dai, together with Tan Qian, Wan Sitong and cha jizuo, is known as the "four great historians of eastern Zhejiang"; in literary creation, Zhang Dai is good at essays and famous as the "master of essays".

(overview photo source: Zhang Dai)

Life of the characters

Young smart

Zhang Dai was born at Maoshi on August 25, 1597. The next year (1600), Zhang Dai suffered from phlegm disease and was received by his grandmother to live in his grandfather's house. In order to cure Zhang Dai's phlegm disease, Tao Dashun, Zhang Dai's great grandfather, collected several baskets of Niuhuang pills when he was an official in Guangdong and Guangxi. He didn't eat them until Zhang Dai was 16 years old, and Zhang Dai's phlegm disease finally recovered.

One day in the first month of the thirtieth year of Wanli (1602), Zhang Dai's second uncle Tao Chong painted on the wall of the Taoist finger and said to him, "the peach in the painting can't be picked off." Zhang Dai said to him, "the flower in the pen dreams of the future.". Tao chongdao was very surprised by this and praised Zhang Dai as "today's Jiangyan". On the morning of the 15th, Zhang Dai went to Zhu jingxun's house to watch the lights. After lunch, one of the guests pointed to the lotus pots on both sides of the patio and said, "lotus leaves are like a plate, but it's hard to store water." Zhang Dai said, "Durian flowers are like fire, but there is no smoke." the guests praised Zhang Dai.

About the 33rd year of Wanli (1605), when Zhang Dai went to Hangzhou with his grandfather Zhang Rulin, he met Chen Jiru, who was touring the Qiantang River on a big horned deer given by Zhang Rulin. When he heard that Zhang Dai was a good couple, he pointed to Li Bai's whale riding picture on the screen and said, "Taibai is riding a whale, fishing for the moon by the river." Zhang Dai immediately said to him, "Meigong strides over the deer. The autumn wind blows in Qiantang county." After hearing this, Chen Jiru laughed. He not only praised Zhang Dai for his intelligence, but also called Zhang Dai a little friend.

On the winter solstice of the 40th year of Wanli (1612), Zhang Dai felt that he was in trouble and confused about the future. So he went to the Nanzhen temple at the foot of Kuaiji mountain to pray for the dream God in order to ask about his future and fame. In March of the next year (1613), Zhang Dai visited Lanting with his friends. He was greatly disappointed because he felt that the site of Lanting was far away from the preface to Lanting collection. Later, in a letter to Bao Yanjie, he disagreed with the idea of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting", and put forward the idea that "painting with poetry can't be good; poetry with poetry can't be good". In the same year, Zhang Dai met Lu Zhen'an, 19, and Zhou Maogu, 26. In the summer of 1614, Zhang Dai passed Banzhu nunnery and found a spring. The water quality was so cool that it was good for making tea.

In the 44th year of Wanli (1616), Zhang Dai followed the zither Master Wang lu'e to learn music such as "Yu Qiao Q & a", "Lie Zi Yu Feng", "Bi Yu Diao", "Shui Long Yin" and "the sound of beating clothes and wearing rings". Two years later (1618), Zhang Dai studied with the zither player Wang benwu. Within half a year, he learned 20 kinds of tunes, such as wild goose falling in the sand, mountain dwelling chant, jingguanyin, sitting on the clock in the clear night, autumn in the Han Palace, and more than 10 kinds of ditty, such as Hujia eighteen Pai and Pu'an mantra. In his letter to he Zixiang, he put forward the idea of "returning to life after practicing".

In September 1620, the first year of Taichang, Zhang Dai's mother Tao Yiren died. In November, Zhang Dai's father, Zhang Yaofang, suffered from phlegm due to food accumulation. When he was critically ill, Wu Zhuting, an old Chinese medicine doctor, used a strange prescription mainly composed of Rehmannia glutinosa to turn Zhang Yaofang around. Zhang Dai was very grateful to Wu Zhuting. Since then, he has paid attention to collecting prescriptions and compiled a book "behind the elbow of tao'an" 30 years later.

Travel in early years

On June 24, 1622, Zhang Dai arrived in Suzhou, just as the city sergeants gathered outside the Fengmen gate to see the lotus blossom. Tourists from far and near gathered, and boats and boats were all over the river. In the same year, Zhang Dai set up a cockfight Club under Wolong mountain. Zhang Lianfang and Qin Yi often came to fight with Zhang Dai, and Zhang Dai won many times. One day, through unofficial history, Zhang Dai learned that Tang Xuanzong was born in youyue, just like him, but he didn't fight any more because he was defeated by fighting chickens. In the first month of the next year (1623), Zhang Dai, his brothers and artists Wang Cen, Yang Si, Xu Mengya and Zhang Dalai from Yuanshe Henan went to the temple fair of situ temple in Taoyan. At the temple fair, the famous Yue Zhong troupes gathered, while the artists led by Zhang Dai showed their magic power at the temple fair and didn't leave until midnight. In autumn, Zhang Dai's Xu Wen Chang Yi manuscript was published. Zhang Dai was fond of Xu Wenchang's poems when he was young, so he collected his scattered poems and essays to collect them into a book. In the process of collecting them, Wang siren once warned him that he would rather be short than extravagant, but Zhang Dai was too greedy to appreciate the profound meaning. After integration, Zhang Dai found that "quite a lot of rate pen", so he wrote to Wang siren, hoping that he would help screen. After that, Wang siren and Zhang Rulin selected and commented on the book together and wrote a preface. In 1624, Zhang Dai lived with his friends Zhao Jiechen, Chen Hongshou, Yan Xubo, Zhuo Renyue and his younger brother Zhang Pingzi in Hangzhou, where he studied for more than seven months. One day, Zhang Dai found and destroyed the statue of Yang Kun, a Mongolian monk in the early Yuan Dynasty.

On a snowy evening in December of 1626, Zhang Dai took Li Qisheng, Gao Meisheng, Wang Yansheng, Ma Xiaoqing, pan Xiaofei, etc. to watch the snow singing in Longshan. On the mountain, people want to sing in the moon, but they have to give up because of the cold weather. After that, Zhang Dai returned in a sheep cart and wrote a five character poem "watching the snow on the Dragon Mountain". In the same year, Huang Ruheng died and Zhang Dai visited Huang Ruheng's former residence in Nanping mountain, Hangzhou. In April of the next year (1627), Zhang Dai went to Tianwa mountain house to study. One afternoon, Zhang Dai and three friends climbed the censer peak to watch the sunset, and then watched the moon on the gold slips and stones. After the moon came out, several people came down the mountain. They were looking for servants and mountain monks. They were afraid that Zhang Dai and others would meet tigers, so they all held torches, knives and sticks and cried along the road. The next day, Zhang Dai heard that there were robbers crossing the mountain last night. He couldn't help smiling.

In March of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the biography of ancient and modern martyrs was completed. In this year or so, Zhang Dai wrote "zhengxiuming Shixi", which explains the reason why he wrote "shikuishu" -- there are many flaws in the history books compiled in the Ming Dynasty, the style is not good, and there is no excellent work. However, his grandfather Gao and great grandfather have the reputation of "today's talk and move" in compiling local chronicles, so he plans to compile a history of the Ming Dynasty from the founding of emperor Taizu to the seventh year of Tianqi. The following year (1629) in May, Zhang Dai in Qinhuai River Dragon Boat appreciation. In August, Zhang Dai and his family took a detour from Zhenjiang to Yanzhou, Shandong Province to celebrate his father's birthday. After arriving at Jinshan Temple, Zhang Dai called his servant Zhang dengjiecai to sing the drama of Han Qiwang (Han Shizhong) Jinshan and the Yangtze River war Jinbing, which attracted many Temple people to get up and watch. In the same month, Zhang Dai went to Yanzhou to celebrate his father's birthday. When he entertained Liu Rongsi, Minister of the Ministry of industry, he asked the family troupe to perform his perfect iceberg. Liu Rongsi's evaluation after reading it was "nine out of ten", because he didn't include such things as holding chrysanthemum banquet inside, forcing Lingxi and collecting money. After listening to Zhang Dai, he filled in lyrics all night and added seven plays. The next day, he went to Liu Rongsi's house and asked the family troupe to move again. Liu Rongsi was very shocked. After learning that it was Zhang Dai, he made friends with Zhang Dai and wrote a preface to Zhang Dai's biography of ancient and modern martyrs in the same month. In autumn, Zhang Dai and Liu Rongsi toured Mount Tai together, and many taverns in Tai'an made Zhang Dai famous. Later, they climbed Mount Tai together, and Zhang Dai wrote Daizhi and Taishan, a five character poem. Soon after, Zhang Dai visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu, and wrote essays Confucius Temple Hui and Confucius forest, as well as five character poems Confucius hand planted Hui and Zigong hand planted Kai.

In 1630, the father of Xia Rukai, an actor in Zhang Dai's family drama troupe, died. Zhang Dai pawned Yiqiu and buried his father for Xia Rukai. In March of the next year (1631), Zhang Dai went to Yanzhou province to watch Zhizhishi training. In May, Zhang Dai returned to Shanyin from Shandong. Shortly after his return, Xia Rukai died of illness, and Zhang Dai buried him in Jingting mountain. In the same month, Zhang Dai watched the race in Wuxi, and Qi biaojia occasionally lived in the West Lake to write a preface to Zhang Dai's biography of Gu Ling Yi lie.

On the cold food festival in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), Zhang Dai and his friends Wang Wansheng and Li Qiaosheng of Xia Rukai held a memorial ceremony for Xia Rukai, and wrote a memorial essay to commemorate Xia Rukai. In July, every village prayed for rain. When Zhang Dai acted as a character of the water margin praying for rain, his Uncle Zhang rumao scolded: "what is the relationship between Water Margin and praying for rain? What should we do to meet the robbers when they start to steal near Yu mountain? " Zhang Dai responded with "timely rain" and so on, which made all the people who heard it happy and praise, and Zhang rumao also went away laughing. On July 7, Chen Jiru wrote a preface to Zhang Dai's biography of ancient and modern martyrs. In the same year, Zhang Dai went to yangheling and tasted the jade belt spring. He thought that the jade belt was not elegant, so he went to yangheling again

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