Zhang Xiaochun

Zhang Xiaochun

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Zhang Xiaochun (～ 1144 AD), whose name is Yongxi, was born in tengyang (now Beitai village, Yangzhuang Town, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province), an official of the Northern Song Dynasty and a prime minister of the puppet Qi Dynasty.

At the end of Xuanhe period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Xiaochun was known to Taiyuan government as a Xuanfu envoy in Hedong. Later, in the song and Jin wars, he had to surrender to Jin and was appointed as the Prime Minister of the puppet Qi. After the puppet Qi regime was abolished, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of Xingtai in Bianjing. He died in the fourth year of Huangtong (1144) and was posthumously named Anjian.

Life of the characters

At the end of Xuanhe period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Xiaochun was known to Taiyuan government as a Xuanfu envoy in Hedong. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), the Jin army defeated the alliance and went south, besieging Taiyuan with heavy troops. Zhang Xiaochun and Wang Chi, the vice governor of the capital, led the army and the people to stick to it for more than years and refused to surrender. In the first year of Jingkang (1126, the fourth year of jintianhui), the city of Taiyuan was destroyed and Wang Chen died in battle. Zhang Xiaochun was captured and refused to surrender. He was imprisoned in Yunzhong and had to surrender to Jin. In 1130, the Jin Dynasty established Liu Yu as the emperor of Qi and established the puppet Qi regime. Zhang Xiaochun was appointed prime minister. In 1136, Zhang Xiaochun secretly reported Liu Lin's poison plan of "offering Huang Tingjian's ink to Zhao Gou for beheading" to the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1137, Zhang Xiaochun tried to fake Qi and plot ten events in Song Dynasty. After the abolition of the puppet Qi regime, Zhang Xiaochun became the Prime Minister of Bianjing Xingtai. After a year, please go home. He died in the fourth year of Huangtong (1144) and was posthumously named Anjian. There are several poems left.

Anecdotes and allusions

The local term "Zhang Ge Lao" should be "Zhang Xiaochun, the Prime Minister of the puppet Qi Dynasty". It's not easy to have a "prime minister" here. How can he be called a "fake". It is found out that Zhang Xiaochun was recorded in Wanli edition of Teng county annals, Volume 8, waizhuan: "Teng people, who were officials in the early Song Dynasty, were the magistrate of Taiyuan In the first year of Jingkang, he died and was trapped in Taiyuan by drinking soldiers. In Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu was appointed as emperor, Dongping as Tokyo, Xiaochun and Zheng Yinian as prime ministers, and Xiaochun served as puppet Qi. " Therefore, Wang Yuanbin, the chief writer of Teng county annals in Ming Dynasty, who always held the concept of "orthodoxy", wrote in introducing the historic site of "Tomb of prime minister Zhang" that "in Shanyu society in the east of the city, the prime minister's name is Yongxi, and Zhang Xiaochun's name is Yongxi. If the Prime Minister of Qi is abolished, it's not Xiaochun but Yongxi. However, Liu Yu's official career is not enough to survive. "

It is also mentioned in "waizhuan" that Zhang Xiaochun's "returning to Li to serve as an official means to overhaul the temple, which is his own tribute". Therefore, the predecessor of "Jieyi Temple" may be the temple built by Zhang Xiaochun. However, in the era of Huang lailin in the Qing Dynasty a hundred years ago, when the poet came here for a field visit, he already doubted whether there was a hall. It can be seen that the former residence of "prime minister Zhang" had disappeared at that time. The site of "former residence" is a good place for people to live. Huang's poem describes that "ten thousand schools of springs are used as mirrors, and the four mountains are full of haze and Qi". Standing on a high platform, he looks around, and the scenery is really not good Wrong: there are four green mountains and one water flowing south. Looking up at the white clouds and listening to the rivers, Xue river forms a "small Three Gorges" landscape here. To the north, there are Huishui Bay in Shanbi village, lingzhi temple in Shanting snow mountain, and the nobility cemetery in Xiaoying country in Dongjiang village. The ancient temples of our country are protected together, and the green water and green mountains are adjacent to each other.

To build a "Jieyi Temple" in front of the families of officials who once committed "capitulation and defection" in praise of Liu, Guan and Zhang's spirit of "loyalty, filial piety and righteousness", it is worth mentioning if it is unintentional; if it is intentional, it is thought-provoking, and there is no deep meaning: it is a shame, a warning, a satire, or a "negative teaching material". Chinese feudal officials and scholar bureaucrats have always paid attention to "integrity", paid attention to "loyal officials do not serve as two masters", and highly praised Guan Yu's loyalty and righteousness spirit of "being in caoying and being in Han Dynasty". Officials who had betrayed behavior have been listed in "biography of two ministers" in "official history" and entered into another book. However, in China's thousands of years of fast changing dynasties, is there an objective and just standard or yardstick for the so-called "integrity" and "loyalty". In the cycle of several thousand years and dozens of dynasties, after you sing, I come to the stage, the king's banner of the city changes, the "reputation" is so clear, and the "loyalty" is so clear. History is always written by the winner, and it has always been the "jungle rule" of "success or failure" and the logic of choice of "respect is taboo". In this way, sometimes history is really a "little girl in disguise"

Commemoration of later generations

At present, in the west of Beitai village, Yangzhuang Town, Tengzhou City (formerly Tengxian county), Shandong Province, is a piece of earthen terrace, which is called "Taishang" in Huang's poem. The local name is "Zhangge laowanglin terrace". There is a protection monument of "beitaishang site", which is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. Now it has become a vegetable garden. On the west side of the platform is the Xuehe river. After years of scouring, the platform on both sides of the river has formed a vertical section more than 10 meters high. The soil layer in the section is mixed with the northern Xin culture 7000 years ago, the Longshan culture 4000 years ago, the Yueshi culture 3000 years ago, and the relics of human life from Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties to the present. It is like a thick stratigraphic history book, one layer of soil in a dynasty, one layer after another Overlapping, a "page" is a millennium.

Zhangge laowanglintai (beitaishang site) is about to be submerged by the newly built Zhuangli reservoir. In order to ensure the smooth progress of cultural relics protection of Zhuangli reservoir project, the archaeological exploration and excavation of Zhuangli reservoir project was officially launched in July 2016. Zhuangli reservoir project involves cultural relics protection units such as Beitai site (zhangxiaochun wanglintai) and foreground tombs. The archaeological excavation work was jointly carried out by Shandong Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, Shandong University, Zhengzhou University, Tengzhou Museum and other units. During the work, the archaeologists strictly followed the requirements of the "work plan for the protection of cultural relics of Zhuangli reservoir project in Shandong Province" approved by the State Administration of cultural relics and the working rules of field archaeology. At present, the overall archaeological exploration and excavation work is progressing steadily and smoothly.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xiao Chun