Zhang Zaixin

Zhang Zaixin

Zhang Zaixin (1651-1738), a calligrapher, seal cutter and stone connoisseur in the early Qing Dynasty, was born in Anqiu, Shandong Province. Zhang Zhen's eldest son. At the age of 13, he studied painting and engraved seals. Later, he went north with his father to yanzhao, and south to Wuyue. He made friends with celebrities around the world. He often studied painting and seal cutting with Wang Yuyang, Wei Xi, Wang Dai, Cao Zhenji, you dong, Zhu YIZUN, Gao fenghan, Jin Nong and others. It is a unique style of "eight strange people in Yangzhou" to discuss poems and essays and gather the talents of celebrities.

Personal profile

Zhang Zaixin (1651-1738), a native of Anqiu, Shandong Province, was named Maojun, Yuangong, baiting and haoziyu. Qing Dynasty seal cutter, Zhenzi. Kangxi 25 years (1686) pull Gongsheng, grant Guancheng teaching instruction is not. Build garden city corner, with in E, in B two younger brother and group from discussion elegant. Gongzhuan, Li, Yongzheng 13 years (1735) Lishu sent a number of family sub Wei Jiangnan poetry, at the age of 85. And fine engraving, painting into Yipin. Home has a Mo Bao Lou, like to collect books, paintings, antiques. There are yinxiangxuan yinpu, Lifa Suoyan, yinhoutang poetry collection. "The history of Qing Dynasty painters' poetry", "Lifa Suoyan", "Huashi Suoyan", "oubolaoshi calligraphy and painting" and "re printing biography".

Life anecdotes

Zhang was elected Bagong in 1686 when he was 35 years old. Later, he failed in many tests, so he was tired of officialdom and had no intention of becoming an official. His friends recommended him as the imperial edict of Guancheng. In 1691 (the thirtieth year of Kangxi's reign), he walked in Nanjing, worshipped Zheng Zhen as his teacher, and made great progress in calligraphy. His seal cutting, seal method, first learn Zhang Zhen, later learn Zhou Lianggong, knife from the Qin and Han Dynasties, small seal you gong, is the representative of Qilu school seal cutting in the early Qing Dynasty. Some of them have been handed down from generation to generation, and some of them have been included in the history of Qing Dynasty.

personal works

In addition to painting pine, bamboo, plum and orchid at will, he also likes to paint figures. His Jiu Lao Tu and Zhang boting's 86 year old self painting Xiao Zhang are very effective. Goose feather painting is unique and regarded as a treasure. When he was in critical condition, he still read pictures, chanted poems, conceived painting scroll of Badashanren, and depicted vividly. His poems not only have the preciseness of Tang and song metrical poems, but also have the freshness of Han Yuefu Poems, with free style, neat antithesis, harmonious rhyme and profound implication. When he was 85 years old, he wrote a couplet of "five flowers make friends with the dragon, but there are no swans in the sky". It reflects his character of not being in the same boat with the feudal society and his thought of being rebellious and arrogant. His achievements in poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal cutting and his sympathy for the common people were appreciated by Pu Songling. His works include Han Li strange characters, Hua Shi Suo Yan, Yin Hou Tang poetry anthology, Qingzhou Fu Zhi, Anqiu Xiang Xian Zhuan, family etiquette, etc.

Zhang Zaixin and Zhuan Yin Xin Fa

Zhang Zaixin's heart skill of seal cutting is the result of summing up his life's experience of seal cutting when he was 88 years old. It focuses on the study of seal management techniques, among which there are many "unique skills" that ordinary people don't know, so it is called "heart skill". The whole chapter is divided into six chapters, which are respectively entitled the method of distinguishing the characters, the method of cooperating with the composition, the method of inking, the method of playing the sword, the method of repairing and making, and the method of being suitable everywhere. It includes the whole process of the seal administration at that time. It is concise and comprehensive, and has a lot of essence, especially the subtle part. The author thinks that "the characters of Zhuan and Zhen have their own times and styles. For example, people have their own surnames and things have their own kinds. We should distinguish them first, make sure that the past and the present are not turbulent, simple and complicated, square, round and well arranged, and combine them to form a family, which is a kind of clan", emphasizing the unity of Zhuan. In terms of composition, when "the length is complex, the combination is convenient, so that more words are like less words, and the number is like one word, not crowded, not cramped, let it be natural, and get its natural beauty, big print should be arranged as small print, and small print should be arranged as big print, then the bamboo has already been in the chest before inking". Zhang Zaixin not only described the process of painting in detail, but also disclosed for the first time the method of revising the manuscript with a small mirror. Zhang Zaixin classified the tedious methods of playing the sword of his predecessors into three categories: "there are straight entry method, jade cutting method, and oblique entry method", and explained: "those who go straight into the method: when they use the knife to carve, they need to close when they are standing in the knife, and when they are twists and turns, they need to turn This is the right way of the Han people. "When you cut jade with a knife, you have to move the square part, the mellow part needs ancient strength, and the straight part needs to face the back." when you slant into a single knife, you have to go straight down, but you have to be flexible This is also the legacy of the ancient army's prompt appointment and the urgency to form the seal. " One or three of Zhang Zaixin's three Sabre techniques have been combined into the blunt Sabre technique. This shows that the author's high generalization ability. The author also classifies the Ming and Qing Dynasty signers according to their Dao techniques, which is not completely accurate, but it provides a reference for later generations to learn from their predecessors and identify their Dao techniques. In "the method of making" the author talked about many secret sayings of the printer, such as "those who are suitable for sharpness should be fastidious with a sharp knife, those who are suitable for perfection should be smooth with a blunt knife", "as for those who are good at Cobalt but not wonderful, they can be polished less on the stone to see the sharp shuttle. Those who are mature should be rubbed with paper, cloth, earth or salt..." When using these reformers' laws, we must "take it into consideration, have our own ideas, and not be proposed by others." At the end of the chapter, "suitable everywhere", it is about the method of seal. The description is clear and detailed. It can also be seen that the signer attaches great importance to the effect of seal. At that time, Zhang Zaixin's Zhuan Yin Xin Fa's discussion on techniques was more perfect than that of predecessors.

Zhang Zaixin was once written by Pu Songling into the collection of short stories Liaozhaizhiyi, which is called zhanggongshi: Anqiu zhanggongshi, lying on his back at the head of the bed. Suddenly I saw a villain coming out of my heart, only half a foot long; the Confucianists were crowned with Confucianists' clothes, and made the form of wandering. When I sang Kunshan opera, the tone was clear, and I was familiar with myself. At the end of the festival, I heard all his life experiences. After four twists and turns, he recited poems but didn't. Zhang you recorded the outline of it, which was described by others. Note: An Qiu and Zhang Gongshi refer to Zhang Zaixin according to the postscript of Qing Ke Ting edition. Liu Yuanlu, a native of Congyi, gave lectures and studied Lishu from Zheng Zhen. His master was Zhou Lianggong, who passed on his seal method, so he was especially good at seal cutting. He was also known as "three unique" with Wang Dechang's eight part calligraphy in Changshan and Wang Qilei's painting in Xincheng. It is said that there are 18 records of Qingzhou Prefecture and 175 records of Shandong Province. Sleeping sickness: lying in bed. Haiyou: an artist who used music and dance as a comedy in ancient times. Later, it generally refers to opera actors. This means to dress up and behave like the characters in the play. Kunshan Opera: Kunqu Opera. This is a popular opera in Kunshan area at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Kunshan artist Wei Liangfu used geyang, Haiyan Gudiao and folk tunes to sing legendary scripts, which gradually spread all over the country and reached its peak in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Narration: the dialogue and monologue of characters in drama. Mingguan: the name of Xiangguan; refers to the self introduction of the characters in the play. At the end of the festival, the plot. Four fold: four fold is the basic system of Yuan zaju. In the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, Nanqu or the combination of southern and Northern operas were used to perform short dramas, which were called "nanzaju". There were also one to four or fifty percent discounts. What Zhang saw in Xin Meng was the last drama of this kind. It means that the characters at the end of the play recite four lines of poetry and then leave. There is a Zhang Gongshi in Anqiu who lies on his back at the head of the bed because of illness. Suddenly, a villain came out of his heart, only half a foot tall. He was wearing a scholar's hat and clothes, acting like a singer and dancer. He sang Kunshan opera with a clear and beautiful tone. The names and native places of the confessions and self reports are the same as those of Zhang Gongshi, and the content and plot of the songs are all the things that Zhang Gongshi experienced in his life. After singing all the four parts of the opera, the villain sang another poem and disappeared. Zhang Gongshi still remembers the general content of the play and has been narrated. Appreciation: Mr. Gao Xiyuan met Mr. Qiyuan and inquired about it in detail. He still talked about his songs and articles, but I can't remember them all. Gao Xiyuan said: "to read Mr. Yu Yang's" talk to me in the north of the pool ", if you see a villain in mind, do something for Anqiu. Yu Sushan, an Qiu and Zhang Maojun, means that they belong to the same clan. One day, I asked during the meeting, and then I knew what happened to Mr. Mao. After inquiring about the origin and the end of the song, Yun said that when he was ill, all the Kunshan operas he had recorded were written down by hand. Later, his sister-in-law thought it was an ominous word and burned it away. Every time from the wine tea, still can remember its ending, often give to recite guest. Now we should know it and spread the news. His ci says: "shiyunzi said that Duxiu was just dupingzhang (it is said that the teacher of Yicun school taught the boy to read the Analects of Confucius, and there were many wrong words. It is especially funny to read "Yu Yu Wen Ya" as "Du Du Ping Zhang I"). All of them are based on the 120 lines of Buddhism (there are important books in the village school, which are called "Zhuang Nong Zaxue". The first chapter says that the Buddha left 120 lines, and only Zhuang and Nong were the best. " Playing with its meaning, it's like saying that his life is very few. He worked as a private school teacher for the farmers in the evening. The master was slow, but he was a musician. Yizhe: what was the predecessor of Maojun? Mao Jun's name is Xin. He is good at Han Li seal

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zai Xin