Zhang Xun

Zhang Xun

Zhang Xun

(1854-september 11, 1923), formerly known as

Zhang He

, words

Shaoxuan

、

Shaoxuan

, No

Songshou old man

He was born in Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province, and was one of the Northern Warlords in modern China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he was appointed governor of Yunnan, Gansu and Jiangnan.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, in order to show his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xun banned his men from cutting their braids, which is known as "braid commander". In 1913, Yuan Jun was suppressed. Later, he served as patrol envoy of the Yangtze River and governor of Anhui Province. In 1917, in the name of mediating the "battle between the government and the court", he led his troops into Beijing. On July 1, he supported Puyi with Kang Youwei and restored him. But on July 12, he was defeated by the "rebel army" of Duan Qirui, a warlord of Anhui family, and fled to the Dutch Embassy in China. Later, he died in Tianjin

Zhongwu

.

(overview of image sources < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

rapidly go up in the world

Zhang Xun, who lost his parents in his early years, joined the army in Changsha in 1884 (the 10th year of Guangxu). He was frank and bold, and entered Guangxi with the Qing army to participate in the Sino French war. In the late Qing Dynasty, he was subordinate to Su Yuanchun, the governor of Guangxi, as a general. With the outbreak of Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, Song Qing, governor of Sichuan Province, was transferred to Fengtian. In 1895 (the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was subordinate to Yuan Shikai and served as the commander of the Engineering Battalion of the new army and the general manager of the training and supervision department of the Chinese army. Later, he followed yuan to Shandong to suppress the boxers. In 1899, he rose to the rank of chief soldier. In 1901, he was transferred to Beijing, where he lived as a guard in front of the imperial court. He served as the retinue of Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu for many times. After Puyi ascended the throne in 1909 (the first year of Xuantong), he successively served as the governor of Jiangnan and led the patrol camp to Nanjing.

Counter revolution

After the Wuchang Uprising, he was ordered to guard Nanjing, guard against the new army of the ninth town and resist the revolutionary army. He was also appointed governor of Jiangsu, governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Nanyang by the Qing government. In order to show his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xun and his troops all wore braids. Zhang Xun was called "braid commander" and his troops were called "braid army". In 1913, Yuan Shikai became president, Zhang Xun's Department was renamed Wuwei Qianjun and stationed in Yanzhou. He said that he was still loyal to the Qing Dynasty and banned his soldiers from cutting their hair braids. In November, he became honorary president of the Chinese Confucius Church (Kang Youwei, President of the general assembly, Chen Huanzhang, director). In the second revolution, under the command of Yuan Shikai, he led his troops to Nanjing to suppress yuan's army, plunder and kill thousands of people. Xuan was conferred by Yuan Shikai as the general of the general's office, appointed as the governor of Jiangsu Province, transferred to Xuzhou, transferred to the Yangtze River patrol envoy, and moved to Xuzhou. In 1915, Yuan Shikai became emperor and was named first-class Duke, but he was still determined to defend the Qing Dynasty.

Mutiny and restoration

In 1916, when Yuan Shikai died, Li Yuanhong became president, and the real power was in the hands of Duan Qirui, premier of the State Council. Before long, Li Yuanhong and Duan Qirui had a conflict on the so-called "participation in the war". Duan Qirui advocated declaring war on Germany, while Li Yuanhong and the parliament firmly opposed it. Because Germany supported his restoration, Zhang Xun opposed the declaration of war on Germany, but at the same time he despised Li Yuanhong. Therefore, Li and Duan vied to woo Zhang Xun, but Zhang Xun had other plans. He disguised himself as a mediator between Li and Duan, trying to reap profits. At the same time, he established the alliance of the seven northern provinces in Xuzhou, and soon served as the governor of Anhui Province. He expanded to the alliance of the thirteen provinces and actively planned the restoration of the Qing Dynasty.

In late May 1917, when Li and Duan were in dispute over the dissolution of Parliament, Duan Qirui planned to overthrow Li Yuanhong by force and dissolve the parliament. Li Yuanhong got the news and ordered Duan Qirui to be removed as premier of the State Council. Zhang Xun took the opportunity to put forward the idea that "restoration is indispensable" and led the "braided army" northward on June 7. Li Yuanhong was forced to order the dissolution of Parliament. On the 14th, Zhang Xun arrived in Beijing.

After a period of intense planning, Zhang Xun sneaked into the Qing Palace on June 30, 1917 and decided to launch the restoration that night.

At 1:00 a.m. on July 1, 1917, Zhang Xun put on his blue shapao, yellow mandarin jacket and red top Hualing, and led more than 50 people, including Liu Tingchen, Kang Youwei, Chen Yi, Shen Zengzhi, Wang Shizhen, Jiang Chaozong and several braided army commanders, into the palace by car.

At about 3 o'clock, Emperor Puyi summoned Zhang Xun in Yangxin hall. Zhang led people, Puyi line three worship nine kowtow ceremony. On the same day, Puyi issued the "imperial edict", saying that "the Republic was disintegrated and the remedy was poor", declaring that he personally came to the court and regained power. He announced nine policies, issued eight "imperial edicts" in a row, granted official titles on a large scale, and restored the old system of the Qing Dynasty. Kang Youwei was appointed Vice President of bide academy, Zhang Xun was Minister of state, governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, and he was appointed Prince of loyalty and courage. Zhang Xun also sent a telegram to all the provinces, announcing that he had "asked the emperor to restore the throne" and that all the provinces should "follow zhengshuo and hang the Dragon flag", which is known as "Dingsi restoration". On the 12th, however, he was defeated by Duan Qirui, a warlord of Anhui family, and fled to the Dutch embassy. Puyi abdicated and was wanted. Then he fled to the German concession in Tianjin.

Died in Tianjin

In March 1918, the Beiyang government granted a special amnesty to all the criminals involved in the restoration of Hong Xian's head and Pai Shuai on the ground that "current affairs are difficult and talents are rare". After his freedom, he has been living in his apartment at No. 6 (now No. 6 Pukou Road, Hexi District) in Jinmen German concession.

There are more than 70 pawnshops, film companies, banks, banks, gold shops, factories, shops and other enterprises wholly owned or invested by Zhang Xun. There are more than 100 servants in his family, including gardeners, carpenters, cooks, drivers, maids and servants. There are police at the gate from the British concession Bureau. It is estimated that Zhang Xun's movable and immovable properties add up to 50-60 million yuan.

In May 1920, Zhang zuolin proposed to Xu Shichang to resume Zhang Xun's post as Yangtze River patrol envoy and Anhui governor, which was rejected by Zhang Xun. Later, Xu Shichang even asked him to be the national forestry supervisor, but he was still indifferent. He lived in songshouli, Tianjin. One day, a guest advised him to keep abreast of current affairs and cut off his pigtails. Zhang Xun, holding his braid in his hand, was learning Yang Xiaolou's Beijing Opera chant: "I can't go back to heaven. I can still be alone. Head in, braid does not drop! Zhenwu is the Minister of the Qing Dynasty. "

On September 12, 1923, Zhang Xun died of illness in Tianjin at the age of 69. Puyi conferred his posthumous title of "Zhongwu". After Zhang Xun's death, political and cultural celebrities called mourning in succession. There were countless funeral orations, mourning poems and elegiac couplets, or enemies or friends. Almost all people with different political positions praised Zhang Xun's lonely loyalty. Later, with the help of his family members, his family published a special book "mourning and mourning of Zhang Zhong in Fengxin". After several twists and turns, Zhang Xun's coffin was transported back to his hometown in Fengxin, Jiangxi Province for burial. Countless people from Jiangxi Province spontaneously sent him away, which became one of the most sensational events in Jiangxi Province.

Character evaluation

family life

One wife and ten concubines

Zhang Xun has a wife and ten concubines. His wife, Cao Qin, had been poor for Zhang Xun for 10 years and was granted the title of Yipin's wife by Emperor Guangxu's empress Longyu. It is said that Zhang Xun "had asked Mrs. Cao one by one about everything as if it were his mother and family.".

Shao Wen, one of my concubines, was born in Tianjin. Her parents died early. She was cheated by her younger brother and sold for a sum of money. Shao Wen was raped by Zhang Xun first and then allowed. Later, when Shao Wen's younger brother came to Zhangjia, she was scolded by her elder sister, so that she could not meet her younger brother.

Before and after Zhang Xun lived in Tianjin, his third Aunt Wang Keqin got on well with his Ma Bian. Wang, in order to get out of danger and live in the future, pretended to be a fool and ran around naked. Zhang Xun believed it and expelled Wang from his family. Later Wang and Zhang's Ma Bian eventually became partners, which was also published in the magazine at that time and caused a sensation. Wang Keqin later recalled: "Zhang you's strange habit of sleeping soundly on a woman. When she moved a little, she was kicked and thrown out of bed."

Nine sons and five daughters

Zhang Xun's aunts gave birth to nine sons and five daughters, about half of whom died early. Many of those who survived grew up to be married to the children of the people in the early Republic of China.

The eldest son, Mengchao, is Zhang zuolin's son-in-law; the fifth son, Mengfan, is Jin Yunpeng's son-in-law, who used to be the Prime Minister of the Beiyang government; the seventh son, Mengjin, married the daughter of Zhao Ganqing, the king of foreign oil in Nanchang; the eldest daughter, mengxiang, married the son of Pan Fu, who used to be the Prime Minister of the Beiyang government; and the fifth daughter, Mengchao, married the son of Chen Guangyuan, the governor of Jiangxi.

At the beginning, Zhang zuolin wanted to form a family with Zhang Xun. It is said that he once sent someone to Zhang Xun's house with photos of his four daughters, and let Zhang choose one of them. Zhang Xun chose Zhang zuolin's eldest son Meng Chao because he was the same age as Zhang zuolin's four daughters. When they got married, both Zhang Xun and Zhang zuolin died, and the bride's sedan chair came from Zhang Xueliang's residence.

Although they seem to be well matched, not all of them can be happy to the end. Mengchao lost his discipline when he was a child. He went whoring, gambling and smoking heavily. He once lost a large house worth tens of thousands of yuan in Tianjin racetrack overnight. Soon after his marriage, his husband and wife turned against each other and then divorced. Dream Xiang Su line is unruly, Zeng Xi Tianjin from a teahouse of Shilin coffee shop, two people from time to time out of the double into the pair. Sometimes when the teahouse delivers vegetables to Zhang Jia, Meng Xiang goes out with him. His younger brother Meng Fen points to her back and says, "my elder sister has gone with others again." After Meng Xiang became a wife and a mother, he still didn't follow the women's way, and his old problems remained unchanged. She married to the pan family, had two sons, and was admitted to university one after another. Later, because she could not stand her mother's behavior, she was very angry and suffered from mental illness one after another.

eating habits

Zhang Xun, a native of Jiangxi Province, is fond of the flavor of his hometown. In his later years, he lived in Tianjin. Every year, his second brother sent roasted loach fish, bacon, minced pepper, Douchi and rice noodles from his hometown Fengxin.

One of his favorite dishes is "watermelon cup duck". The method is to store a complete watermelon skin into a fat duck, remove its viscera, build bird's nest, Jiangbei, sea cucumber and other kinds of sea vegetables, and then put them into a porcelain bowl to stew.

A servant girl named Laixi in his family, in order to clean up a large number of bird's nests, she is said to have been blinded over time. Zhang Jia still has a good swallow

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Xun