Zhang Boju

Zhang Boju

Zhang Boju (March 14, 1898 - February 26, 1982), formerly known as Zhang Jiaqi, was born in Xiangcheng, Henan Province. He is a patriot and Democrat, a collector and connoisseur, a calligrapher and painter, a poet and a researcher of Peking Opera.

He once served as a special member of the Palace Museum, a member of the appraisal committee of the State Administration of cultural relics, an associate researcher and deputy director of Jilin Provincial Museum, a librarian of the Central Museum of culture and history, an honorary tutor of Chinese art history in the Department of Chinese culture of Yanjing University, an honorary president of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, and an honorary director of the Chinese Calligraphers Association. In the early days of the people's Republic of China, Zhang Boju donated many precious cultural relics to the country.

His main works include congbi Ci, Chunyou Ci, Qinyou Ci, wunoun Ci, xuduanci, Mengshi, Mengshi annotation, Hongxian Jishi annotation, Luantan phonology, shuhualu and suyuelou Lianyu.

Life of the characters

Born on March 14, 1898 in Xiangcheng, Henan Province, he is the son of Zhang Zhenfang and the cousin of Yuan Shikai.

In 1904, he adopted his Uncle Zhang Zhenfang with a younger sister. He entered a private school at the age of 7 and wrote poems at the age of 9, enjoying the reputation of "child prodigy".

In 1911, Zhang Boju and some of Yuan Shikai's sons joined Tianjin Xinxue academy and began their school life. Xinxue college is the first college run by foreign churches in Tianjin. It was founded by London church in 1902. The hospital is located in Haida Road, French Concession (the former site of No.17 middle school, Dagu Road, Heping District).

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), his father Zhang Zhenfang was transferred from acting governor of Zhili to governor of Henan. Zhang Boju went to Kaifeng with his father to study in Henan Army primary school.

In 1914, he moved to Beijing with his father and lived here for a long time.

In 1916, her father Zhang Zhenfang married Li yue'e, a woman from Bozhou, Anhui Province. In the same year, he joined the cavalry division of Yuan Shikai's mixed model regiment.

In 1918, he graduated from the cavalry division of Yuan Shikai's mixed model regiment and entered the military field. He served as a member of the battalion Affairs Office of the Anwu army and a counsellor of the Shaanxi provincial governor's office. After that, he served in Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, and Zhang zuolin's department as a transfer counsellor.

In 1927, he began to work in finance. He has successively served as auditor of General Management Office of salt bank, manager and managing director of Nanjing salt bank, manager of Qinlong Industrial Bank, etc.

In 1930, Zhang Boju, Li Shizeng, Qi Rushan, Mei Lanfang, Yu Shuyan, Feng gengguang and others organized the "Chinese Opera Society".

On March 14, 1937, Zhang Boju's 40th birthday, in order to relieve the disaster, he performed the lost sky chop, which was unprecedented in popularity. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he went to Xi'an for a time and devoted himself to writing poems and lyrics.

In 1941, he was kidnapped illegally for nearly eight months. In the autumn of that year, on the way to Qin with his family, he sewed the national treasure "Ping Fu tie" into his quilt.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he served as a counsellor of the general headquarters of the 11th war zone of the Kuomintang, an adviser to the Hebei provincial government, a professor of the Department of Chinese in North China University of grammar and law, a special member of the Palace Museum, and the chairman of the Beiping fine arts branch.

In June 1947, he joined the China Democratic League in Beiping, served as a member of the Beiping provisional Committee of the league, and participated in the patriotic democratic movements such as the student aid movement of Peking University Student Union, the anti persecution and anti hunger movement, and the protest against the shooting of northeast students.

After the liberation of Peiping, he served as honorary tutor of Chinese art history in the Department of Chinese culture of Yanjing University, vice president of Beijing Chinese Calligraphy Research Society, deputy director of Beijing Peking Opera basic art research society, director and director general of Beijing chess research society, director of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, director of Beijing Guqin Research Association, member of cultural relics appraisal committee of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of culture, and director of the Federation of public private banks Member of the 1st Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Finance Committee of the headquarters of the China Democratic League, member of the culture and Education Committee, and member of the Liaison Committee.

After 1949, the salt bank was a public-private joint venture. After Zhang Boju participated in the property appraisal as a director, he withdrew from the public-private joint venture bank on the ground that he could no longer serve as a director without stocks.

In 1952, he was recommended by Zheng Zhenduo as a consultant of the Ministry of culture.

In 1956, Zhang Boju donated some of his cultural relics to the state, including the book of pingfuti by Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty, the picture of Youchun by Zhan Ziqian of the Sui Dynasty, the book of good poems by Du Mu, the book of daofuzan by Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty, the book of poems by Cai Xiang, the book of songs by Huang Tingjian, and the thousand character essay by Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty. In the same year, he joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang.

In 1958, he was classified as a rightist.

In 1961, with the intervention of Chen Yi, Zhang Boju and his wife came to Changchun to work in Jilin Provincial Museum.

In 1962, he was an associate researcher and deputy director of Jilin Provincial Museum, mainly responsible for the identification of cultural relics.

At the beginning of the ten-year catastrophe, Zhang Boju was criticized for fighting, house raiding, isolation and censorship. In 1969, on the ground of "contradictions between the enemy and ourselves should be dealt with according to the contradictions among the people", he was ordered to retire from his post on the one hand, and he was sent to Shulan to settle in the countryside. Shulan District refused to accept Zhang Boju and his wife because they were old. Zhang Boju and pan Su returned to Beijing, where they had no job or registered permanent residence to live on.

In 1972, when Zhou Enlai learned about it, he instructed Zhang Boju to be appointed as a librarian of the Central Research Institute of literature and history.

In 1978, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Jilin Provincial Committee approved the review conclusion on Zhang Boju reported by the Jilin Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, which was vindicated in public and restored his reputation.

In January 1981, an exhibition of paintings by Zhang Boju and pan Su was held in Beihai Park, Beijing.

In 1980, Zhang Boju's rightist problem was vindicated. In his later years, he also served as the president of Beijing Zhongshan painting and calligraphy society, the honorary president of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, the honorary director of China Calligraphers Association, the honorary president of Jinghua art society, the researcher of Beijing Opera Research Institute, the consultant of Beijing Kunqu Opera Research Society, and the cultural and educational committee member of the Central Committee of the Democratic League.

In January 1982, Zhang Boju, who came back from the banquet, suddenly caught a cold and was sent to Peking University Hospital. He died on February 26 at the age of 84.

On March 26, 1982, a memorial meeting for Zhang Boju was held. Ye Jianying, Deng Yingchao, Wang Zhen, Gu Mu and other party and state leaders sent wreaths, Zhao Puchu, Xia Yan, Hu Yuzhi, Niu ManJiang, Liu Haisu and more than 200 people sent elegiac couplets, and more than 500 people attended the memorial meeting.

Main achievements

Cultural relics protection

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhang Boju, together with Zhang Congyu, Deng Yizhe, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Shen Yinmo, Wu Hufan, qigong and others, was employed as a special committee member of the Palace Museum. His task was to "examine and approve calligraphy and painting" and worked out a lot of plans for the Palace Museum to acquire the scattered calligraphy and painting of the Qing Dynasty. When Pu Yi's stolen paintings and calligraphy appeared one after another in the market, Zhang Boju admonished the Palace Museum to carry out the collection work as soon as possible: "first, all those in the list of appreciating Pu Jie, whether true or false, should be bought back by the Palace Museum; second, select the best. After examination, the price is recovered. " According to his research, there are about four or five hundred valuable products out of 1198, except for forgeries and unimportant ones. According to the price at that time, most of them can be recovered without a large amount of money.

At the end of 1946, Ma Jichuan, an antique dealer in Beijing, brought back more than 20 cultural relics from Northeast China and recommended them to the Palace Museum. Zhang Boju not only gave specific approval opinions, but also timely fed back the information he had learned to the Palace Museum. On April 19, 1947, as a special committee member, Zhang Boju, together with Xu Beihong, Deng Yizhe and Qigong, attended the fourth meeting of the Sixth Council of the National Palace Museum in jiangxuexuan to discuss the purchase of calligraphy and painting.

Zhang Boju attached great importance to the fine cultural relics. He once suggested to President maheng that "Zhang Ning, the remaining master, should accept a fine cultural relic rather than some ordinary ones.". For example, Fan Zhongyan's Daofu Zan was bought by Jin Bosheng, a Beijing antique dealer, from Northeast China, and he negotiated to sell 110 liang of gold to the Palace Museum. For another example, when he learned that there was a painting of spring outing by Zhan Ziqian in Ma Jichuan, he suggested that the palace Museum buy it and buy it in the Palace Museum When the Academy was unable to purchase the above two cultural relics, in order to prevent the cultural relics from being exiled abroad, Zhang Boju bought them with a loan. A painting of spring outing made him rich and heavily in debt, and had to sell a house in Gongxian Hutong and pan Su's gold and silver headdress.

Cultural relics donation

After the founding of new China, Zhang Boju continued to pay attention to the development of the the Imperial Palace Museum. The essence of the cultural relics collected in his life was mostly collected in the the Imperial Palace Museum, which fulfilled his original intention of "giving away the collection, not having to be endowing with it forever, but making it permanent." The Palace Museum has a total of 22 ancient paintings and calligraphy described in Zhang Boju's congbi painting and calligraphy record, almost every one of which can be regarded as a bright pearl in the history of Chinese art. For example, Lu Ji's Ping Fu tie is one of the earliest handed down cultural relics, and Zhan Ziqian's you Chun Tu is the earliest handed down independent landscape painting. The rest, such as Zhang Haohao's poem by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty, calligraphy on the balcony by Li Bai in Tang Dynasty, calligraphy on the seats by Huang Tingjian in Song Dynasty, and painting on the snow River by Zhao Ji in Song Dynasty, are important cultural relics in the history of Chinese art. Among them, Jin Lu Ji's "Ping Fu tie", Tang Du Mu's "Zhang Hao Shi", song Fan Zhongyan's "Dao Fu Zan", song Huang Tingjian's "upper seat placard" and so on are the 8 ancient French books, which were donated by the Zhang Boju and Pan Su couples in 1956. After the State Cultural Relics Bureau, the Museum of the Imperial Palace was transferred to the museum.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bo Ju