Lian Xixian

Lian Xixian

Lian Xixian (from June 26, 1231 to December 12, 1280) was a Xindu, named Shanfu and Yeyun. The VUR. His ancestral home is Gaochang in the western regions (now Turpan, Xinjiang). He is a famous statesman from the great Mongolia to the early Yuan Dynasty. He is the son of buluhai, the visiting envoy of Zhu Lulian in Yannan.

Lian Xixian has been a big man since he was a child. As an adult, I love classics and history. When he was 19 years old, he served Kublai Khan in his palace and was known as "Lian Mencius". In the fourth year of Yuan Xianzong (1254), he was appointed as the Xuanfu envoy of Jingzhao. He first asked Xu Heng to promote schools and educate talents. From the attack on Ezhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, please explain all the scholars captured in the army. When Xianzong died, he urged Kublai Khan to return to the north and ascend the throne. Ren Jingzhao, Xuanfu envoy of Sichuan, pacified Liu Taiping and other rebellions. Xuanyi Zhongshu Youcheng went to the province of Qin and Shu, and refused to attack hunduhai. When he was in office, he was upright, outspoken and dare to remonstrate. In 1270, the prime minister was dismissed. In the 11th year of Zhiyuan Dynasty (1274), he became the governor of Beijing. The next year, the yuan army took Jiangling of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Kublai Khan ordered Lian Xixian to travel to Jingnan. When he arrived at the town, he banned plagiarism, hired officials of the Song Dynasty, sent grain to relieve hunger, promoted schools and selected instructors. After a long illness called back. In the 16th year of Zhiyuan (1279), he was again ordered to receive the books. Prime Minister Boyan once praised him as "the real man among men, the real Prime Minister among prime ministers".

In 1280, Lian Xixian died of illness at the age of 50. His posthumous title is "Wen Zheng".

Source of pictures in the overview: Sancai tuhui

Life of the characters

Family background

Lian Xixian was born on May 25, the third year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (June 26, 1231) in Yanjing under the occupation of Mongolia. His father was buluhai, a vuer who defected to Mongolia. He changed his Han surname to "Lian" because he once served as the visiting envoy of Lian in Yannan.

Lian Xixian has been a big man since he was a child, and his behavior is different from that of ordinary children. When he was 19 years old, he served in King Kublai Khan's palace, which won Kublai Khan's appreciation for his diligent learning spirit. One day, while reading Mencius, he heard that Kublai Khan had summoned him and hastily put the book in his arms. Kublai Khan asked what was said in Mencius, and Lian Xixian stated that he had good nature, righteousness and benefit, benevolence and violence. Kublai Khan praised his learning and called him "Lian Mencius", so he became famous in the world. Lian Xixian is also good at shooting. He once pulled a strong bow in front of Kublai Khan and made three shots and three hits. People admire him for his "civil and military talents". After that, he went to Yunnan and other places.

Master of the Imperial Palace

In the fourth year of Yuan Xianzong (1254), he served as Xuanfu envoy of Jingzhao (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). Jingzhao controlled Longshu area, and the kings' fiefdoms were distributed in the left and right. Qiang and Rong lived together in the area, which was known as the intractable place. After he took office, Lian Xixian explored the causes of people's suffering and restrained the strong and supported the weak. In his spare time, he asked famous Confucians Xu Heng, Yao Shu and others for advice. Kublai was also asked to manage Beijing trillion school with Xu Heng, with education talents as a fundamental plan and to set up a registered residence for the Confucian scholars, and achieved remarkable achievements.

In the ninth year of Yuan Xianzong (1259), along with Kublai Khan's attack on Song Ezhou, Lian Xixian led more than 100 Confucian scholars to bow down at the army gate, and petitioned Kublai Khan to "redeem all the scholars captured by the army at the expense of the government and send them back to their places of origin" after Wang Shi's crossing the river, so as to show his Highness's grace. Kublai Khan agreed, so more than 500 Confucians were released.

Guanlong

After the death of emperor Xianzong of Yuan Dynasty, Lian Xixian said in secret: "first strike, second strike.". I dare not disobey fate and human feelings. If you lose a chance, don't go after it. " He urged Kublai Khan to return to the North quickly, occupied an active position in the struggle for the throne with ALI Buge, and finally won the throne. During this time, he went out of Guanzhong again, served as the envoys of Jingzhao and daoxuan in Sichuan Province, made great efforts to defeat hunduhai, a supporter of alibuge, and pacified Guanlong. He was promoted to Pingzhang immediately.

Fight against Xingchen

In the third year of Zhongtong (1262), he paid homage to Zhongshu and Pingzhang.

In the fifth year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1268), the Yushitai was set up, and then the Taixing chasi was set up. At that time, ahoma was in charge of Finance and questioned Lian Xixian: "government affairs were handled by all roads, and the money and grain affairs were handed over to the Department of transportation. Now, the imperial censor station and the Department of punishment were set up to check them. How can they do things?" Lian Xixian replied: "the establishment of the imperial censor's station and the inspection of the Department have been the systems since ancient times. Their duties are to impeach the treacherous and evil inside, to inspect the deviant behavior outside, and to investigate the sufferings of the people. There is nothing more beneficial than that. If we don't set up a platform for observation, be dictatorial and wantonly corrupt, can we make achievements in state affairs? " Ahoma was speechless.

In 1270, when Lian Xixian was ill, Kublai Khan sent three doctors to see him. The doctor said that he had to use granulated sugar as a medicine guide. His family searched everywhere for it. Ahema sent two Jin to him, but Lian Xixian refused. He also said, "even if this thing can cure the disease, I will never rely on the gift of a traitor to save my life." When Kublai Khan heard about it, he sent someone to deliver granulated sugar.

In 1274, Lian Xixian was appointed governor of Beijing.

Fuzhi Jingnan

In 1275, Kublai Khan summoned Lian Xixian back to Beijing, ordered him to govern Jingnan, and authorized him to be an official below Sanpin. Lian Xixian went to his post with illness, and Youcheng Ali led his subordinates to meet him in Jiangling. Jing people were greatly shocked.

When Lian Xixian took office, he immediately ordered that plagiarism be strictly prohibited, that peddlers be promoted, that benefits be eliminated, and that soldiers and people live and work in peace and contentment. He also took in more than 20 of the former Xuanfu and Zhizhi staff of the Song Dynasty, who were able to work, and appointed them according to their aptitude. These people gave him treasures and playthings, but Lian Xixian refused, and warned: "you are old officials of the Song Dynasty. If you are appointed, you should remember our imperial grace and try your best to serve. Now, if you send me these things, I will take them unjustly. If it is official goods, it is like stealing. If it is taken from the people, it is a crime. You should be careful. " He also ordered that: for the captured soldiers and civilians, those who killed them should be punished for killing civilians; those who were abandoned due to illness should be adopted by some people, and the original owners can no longer take possession of them after recovery; those who bought and sold wives, families and children should be convicted of felony, and the money sold should be confiscated by the government. We decided to open the moat of Jiangling to release water, and got tens of thousands of acres of good land to be cultivated by the poor. The granary of Kaisha city provided relief to the hungry people in Gong'an County with 200000 corn and Dendrobium. In Daxing school, teachers were selected, scriptures were purchased, and students were encouraged to study hard in class.

Lian Xixian's achievements in Jingnan had a far-reaching influence. The southwest nationalities, the land of Si and Bo, the surnames of Yang, and Zhao Dingying, the governor of Chongqing in the Song Dynasty, all came to surrender. Jiangling people said: "the emperor sent Lian Xiang out of the town of Jingnan. Not only people were moralized, but also insects and plants were benefited."

In 1277, Lian Xixian was called back to Kyoto because he had been ill for a long time. People in Jiangling cried to stay. After he left, the people of Jiangling built a memorial temple to commemorate him. In May, when Lian Xixian returned to Shangdu, he left office with nothing but piano and books.

He died of serious illness

After Lian Xixian returned to Beijing, Kublai Khan ordered Wang Zhongming, a famous Yangzhou doctor, to treat him. He recovered a little and was able to support his staff. Shizu great joy said: "Qing got a good doctor, so the disease gradually healed." Lian Xixian said: "doctors use good medicine to treat my illness. If I am careful, I will be cured. But if I am slack, I will not benefit from good medicine." This is to admonish the emperor. Kublai Khan wanted Xi Xian to take charge of the provincial affairs, but he was blocked by AHMA.

In the spring of 1279, the 16th year of Zhiyuan Dynasty, Lian Xixian was ordered to take charge of Zhongshu affairs. However, his illness became more and more serious. The crown prince Zhenjin came to visit him and asked him how to govern. Lian Xixian said, "the most important thing for a man to govern a country is to use proper people, a gentleman to govern a country, and a villain to govern a country. I'm worried that the current big traitor dictatorship, the villain's complicity, and the harm to the country and the people are the serious diseases of the country. I hope your highness will urge the emperor to eliminate the traitors, otherwise the country will become more and more ill and incurable. "

On the night of November 19, 1280, Lian Xixian died of illness at the age of 50. On his deathbed, he admonished the sons and said, "I can't get sick. I have to read more to inherit my father's ambition."

In the eighth year of Dade (1304), Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty, Lian Xixian was awarded the title of Duke of Wei with the title of Wenzheng.

During the reign of emperor Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty, he presented Tuzhong, Zuo Li, Yiyun, Taishi, Kaifu, Yitong, Shangzhu and Hengyang as gifts.

Main impact

In the process of supporting Kublai Khan and pacifying Guanlong, Lian Xixian not only showed excellent military talent, but also proved that he was a politician with political foresight, good at judging the situation, calm in the face of affairs and decisive in dealing with problems.

Lian Xixian made great contributions to the construction of Kublai Khan's feudal dynasty when he served successively in the central government, Jingzhao, Shandong, Beijing and Jiangling as Youcheng and Pingzhang officials of Zhongshu. His main achievements include: speaking frankly, remonstrating, rectifying the platform, reforming politics; abolishing the hereditary of prefectural and county governors, strengthening centralization of power; establishing Taiwan inspection and supervision institutions at all levels; eliminating violence and pacifying the people, cracking down on illegal local forces; stabilizing people's livelihood and developing production.

In his nearly 30 years of political career, Lian Xixian, though in a prominent position, has been able to abstain from "a man who is brave enough to do just deeds, but his misfortunes and blessings are not enough to shake him", and has little consideration of his personal advance, retreat, honor and disgrace. He was poor and honest all his life. He was upright and upright in his administration. He was dismissed for disobeying his ancestors. Although he failed to give full play to his political talent and realize his political ideal in his whole life, he devoted himself to his duty for several decades, deeply observed the sufferings of the people, and devoted himself to eliminating the tyrant and pacifying the good, which was praised by later generations.

Historical evaluation

Dong Wenzhong: Xi Xian, a famous Minister of the country.

Kublai Khan: 1. He is a real man. ② Xi Xian is not fond of killing people, so he can also kill people. ③ When the great meeting of Kings decides important matters, only Lian Xi Xian can.

Zhao Bi: and Guanzhong is a place of victory, I hope

Chinese PinYin : Lian Xi Xian