Yang Quan

Yang Xingfo

Yang Xingfo (May 4, 1893 - June 18, 1933), named Quan, with the name of Hongfu, was born in Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province (now Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province). His ancestral home is Yushan, Jiangxi Province. He is a modern economic and management scientist, a social activist of the 1911 revolution, a pioneer of China's human rights movement, and a pioneer of China's management science.

Character activities

Yang Xingfo joined the alliance in 1910. In 1911, he was admitted to Tangshan Road and mining school together with Mao Yisheng (now Southwest Jiaotong University). When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he went to Wuchang to take part in the defense war. In January 1912, Sun Yat Sen was the president of the Republic of China. He went to Nanjing to be the head of the receiving and sending group of the president's Secretariat. After Sun Yat Sen resigned, he went to the United States to study at Cornell University. After graduation, he transferred to Harvard University. During his study abroad, he initiated the establishment of science magazine.

He returned to China in 1918 and became a professor of National Southeast University (renamed National Central University in 1928 and Nanjing University in 1949) in 1920. He often contacted Yun Daiying, a member of the Communist Party of China, and gave lectures at Shanghai University founded by the Communist Party of China in his spare time. So he was hated by the school and was forced to leave the school and went to Guangzhou to join the revolution. After arriving in Guangzhou, he served as the Secretary of Sun Yat Sen. In November 1924, he went north with Sun Yat Sen.

In January 1926, the Executive Committee of the Shanghai special municipal Party headquarters of the Kuomintang was secretly established, and Yang Xingfo was elected as the executive member to preside over the work of the northern expedition. In the spring of 1927, the Communist Party of China launched a workers' uprising in Shanghai, and Yang Xingfo attended the meeting of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After the victory of the uprising, he was elected to the Standing Committee of the provisional government. After the April 12 counter revolutionary coup, he recognized Chiang Kai Shek's face and tried his best to help and rescue the revolutionaries in the name of the Chinese aid society. He was dismissed by the Kuomintang authorities. After the September 18th Incident, in order to oppose the Kuomintang government's illegal arrest and imprisonment of patriots, he and other famous figures, such as Song Qingling and Cai Yuanpei, launched the organization of the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance in Shanghai in December 1932 as the director general, and organized the rescue of many imprisoned Communists and patriots.

On June 18, 1933, Yang Xingfo and his son Yang Xiaofo drove out and were shot and killed by a spy on yalpei Road, Shanghai.

After the death of Yang Xingfo, Lu Xun wrote a poem in a sad and indignant mood: is there any pride like the old times, flowers bloom and fall. When did he shed tears in Jiangnan and cry for Si min.

Life of the characters

Upright in nature

Yang Xingfo is upright and upright by nature, and his distinctive character can be seen from two things. After the north south peace negotiation in 1912, if he took the helm, he would have been able to seek a better position in Yuan Shikai's government. However, he went to the United States to study abroad, which can be said to have backbone. When Dr. Sun Yat Sen died in 1925, the Kuomintang invested more than 800000 taels of silver to build the Zhongshan Mausoleum, and Yang Xingfo was promoted to be the director general of the funeral preparatory office, holding great decision-making power. When bidding for the project, many construction companies offered gifts and bribes one after another. Yang Xingfo accepted all the gifts, but kept them in the exhibition room for people to visit.

At the end of 1932, Cai Yuanpei and Song Qingling were deeply moved by a series of political events, such as the hunger strike of Niu LAN and his wife, the arrest of Chen Duxiu, and so on. They set up the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance to rescue the cultural celebrities who were persecuted by politics and strive for freedom of speech, publication, assembly and so on. The office of the alliance is located at the international publications exchange of Academia Sinica, 331 yalpei Road, French concession, Shanghai. Yang Xingfo is the director general of the alliance and a firm defender and practitioner of freedom and human rights. Mr. Fu Guoyong once said: "if Song Qingling and Cai Yuanpei are the spiritual leaders or soul figures of the civil rights protection alliance, then Yang Xingfo is the practical leader and doer of the alliance." Without such a persistent and capable figure as Yang Xingfo, the Civil Rights Protection Alliance would not have done so much.

At the beginning of 1933, in the turmoil after the September 18th Incident and the January 28th incident, Yang Xingfo went to North China to appeal for the reunification of the whole country and resistance against Japan. Chiang Kai Shek was very angry about this. Since the beginning of the preparatory work of the Chinese Civil Rights Protection Alliance, Yang Xingfo has been repeatedly threatened by the Kuomintang authorities. In May 1933, the secret agent sent a threatening letter to Yang Xingfo with a bullet in it, asking him to withdraw from the alliance immediately, otherwise he would take tough measures. Yang Xingfo had long ignored his life, and Chiang Kai Shek was determined to get rid of him.

He was ordered to kill Yang

Dai Li was ordered to kill Yang in April and may 1933. Shortly after Yang returned to Shanghai from Peiping, Dai immediately began to decorate. The spies first investigated Yang's daily whereabouts and learned that Yang himself lived on the upper floor of Academia Sinica and loved riding. He raised two horses on Daxi road and rode for an hour or two on Daxi road and Zhongshan road when he was free in the morning. The spies think that at this time, this area has the most chance to snipe Yang, and they are most confident. When the spies were preparing to snipe Yang, Chiang Kai Shek insisted that it must be carried out near song's residence in the French concession. Dai Li had no choice but to change her plan and make arrangements near Academia Sinica to take advantage of Yang's going out for a walk or on her way to song's residence.

Dai Li went to Shanghai in early June to direct the layout. His residence is near Fenglin bridge in the French concession. Zhao Lijun, leader of the East China operation team, was responsible for the execution of the assassination. Six of the killers who took part in the operation swore in advance that they would be "benevolent if they did not succeed". If they were unfortunately arrested, they should commit suicide, otherwise they would be severely punished.

Spy assassination

The agents had planned to operate on the morning of the 17th. When they arrived near Academia Sinica, they met the patrol car of the French patrol house. Another patrol team passed by, so they didn't dare to do it. At more than 6 a.m. on the 18th, Zhao Lijun personally took Li ADA, Guo Decheng, Shi Yunzhi, etc. to the car and stopped at the corner of yalpei road and masnan road. Zhao himself was sitting in the car while Li ADA, Guo Decheng and other four people were waiting nearby Academia Sinica. At about 8 o'clock, when Yang Xingfo and his eldest son Yang Xiaofo went to the hospital to get on the bus, the agents approached the door and prepared to start. But Yang got on the car and walked down again. The agents thought that Yang had found out and was about to rush in when Yang led his son to another car. As the car drove out of the gate, four pistols fired into the car at the same time.

When Yang Xingfo heard the gunshot, he knew it was coming at him. At the critical moment of life and death, he immediately used his body to protect his son. The spies fired more than a dozen shots and only killed Yang and the driver. Xiao fo survived with a bullet in the leg.

When the criminals saw that they had succeeded, they rushed to the car that had started nearby. Guodecheng ran in the wrong direction in a panic. When he came back, the car was far away. As soon as Zhao Lijun saw that he was still several feet away, the police siren of the French concession was blaring wildly, so he could not stop and wait any longer. He was afraid that he would leak secrets after he was arrested, so he immediately shot him and drove away. The murderer guodecheng was injured and was caught by the patrolman who came after him. The inspector immediately sent him and Yang's father and son to Guangci hospital for rescue. Yang Xingfo soon died because he could not be cured.

Memories of Little Buddha

Mr. Yang Xiaofo, who witnessed the death of his father, was only 15 years old at that time. Many years later, he still remembered the tragic scene: "it was a Sunday. As usual, my father took me out in a Naxi caravan. Just driving out of the door of Academia Sinica and planning to turn northward to Arpel Road, four big guns burst out from the roadside and shot at the four corners of the car. The driver was shot twice in the chest and opened the door to escape. When my father heard the gunshot, he immediately fell on me Finally, my father fell into a pool of blood and died, while I only suffered a slight injury to my right leg.

Blood for human rights

Yang Xingfo, who was once the Secretary of Sun Yat Sen, was highly appreciated by Sun Yat Sen and the Kuomintang leftists. Chiang Kai Shek, who wanted to be a dictator, regarded it as a thorn in his eye and hated it to the bone. He must remove it quickly. As the director general of the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance, Yang Xingfo fought hard for human rights and democracy, and finally made Chiang Kai Shek stop and decide to use hidden arrows to eradicate his dissidents. As for the cause of his death, it seems to have been the final conclusion for a long time: "kill Yang Xingfo to warn Song Qingling". Is that true?

Professor Liao Dawei put forward a different point of view in his article "killing yang to watch the Song Dynasty": a misunderstanding in the issue of Yang Xingfo's being assassinated ". He thinks that" killing Yang is inevitable, and this is not aimed at warning Song Qingling and Cai Yuanpei. The long-standing popular theory of "killing yang to watch the Song Dynasty" is not in line with historical facts. ". The main purpose of Chiang Kai Shek's killing Yang Xingfo was to stifle the Alliance for the protection of civil rights and remove the obstacles on the road of autocracy. Chiang Kai Shek killed Yang after careful consideration, not on a whim. It is not only Yang's personal factors, but also the overall consideration of the civil rights protection alliance to point the gun at Yang Xingfo. Before the establishment of the civil rights protection alliance, he had "gone astray" and reported the Soviet Area truthfully, regardless of the ban, which made Jiang angry. After the establishment of the civil rights protection alliance, Yang, director general, spared no effort to rescue political prisoners everywhere and did many things that the Communist Party wanted to do but could not do, which was a great disaster. If Yang is removed, the civil rights protection alliance will be paralyzed and unable to play its role.

Song Qingling's speech

After Yang Xingfo was killed, Song Qingling delivered an exciting speech

These people and their hired thugs think that by force, kidnapping, execution and murder, they can crush the struggle for freedom However, the struggle is far from being smashed, and we should fight more firmly, because Yang Quan lost his life for freedom. We must redouble our efforts until we achieve our goal.

Lu Xun's mourning Poems

After Yang Xingfo was killed, Lu Xun was extremely sad and wrote a poem of mourning

Mourning Yang Quan

Is there any pride like the old days,

There are two reasons why flowers bloom and fall.

When will the rain fall in Jiangnan,

Crying for Simin again

Chinese PinYin : Yang Quan