Rich in years

Rich in years

Nianfu (1395-1464) was born with a surname of Yan and a great character. Huaiyuan County Meiqiao township (now belongs to Huaishang District, Bengbu City, Anhui Province) people. Ming Dynasty officials.

He served as emperor Chengzu, Emperor Renzong, Emperor Xuanzong, Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Daizong and Emperor Xianzong in the Ming Dynasty. He served in local and central departments successively. He served as an official of the calendar section, an official of Shaanxi Province, an official of Henan Province, an official of Henan Province, an official of Henan Province, an official of Henan Province, an official of Datong, an official of the Ministry of war and an official of Shandong Province. No matter where he works, he is incorruptible and upright. He has always been a famous official.

Source of pictures in the overview: Sancai tuhui

Life of the characters

Family background

His great grandfather, Yan Mengmin, was an official of Yuan Dynasty. He was a Marquis of ten thousand families. He stationed his troops in chuyang (now Chuzhou) and lived in Quanjiao county. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to avoid war, his descendants migrated to Longkang north of Huaiyuan from Quanjiao. Ming Hong Wu early, registered residence, because of "year" and "Yan" sound, the attached Edition (household register) for years, then the year name. Later, the family moved to Yanglou village, Meiqiao Township, northeast of the county (now Huaishang District, Bengbu City).

A new official career

In Yongle years, Nianfu was appointed as the instructor of Deping county (now Deping Town, Linyi County, Shandong Province) by virtue of the vice-president of the examination. At that time, he was just over 20 years old, but he was very serious and steady, just like those old Confucian scholars. In the third year of Xuande (1428), he was promoted to Li Ke geishi. In his office, he corrected his mistakes and recognized the general situation. Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty thought that the task of the six branches was important. He ordered two people from each branch to take charge of the affairs. Nian Fu and Jia Quan were appointed to take charge of the criminal branch. Du Yushi Gu Zuo and others wrongly sentenced 17 people to death. Nian Fu impeached them, and Gu Zuo and others were reprimanded by Ming Xuanzong.

Get rid of bad government

In the first month of the spring of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty died and Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty succeeded. The rich man wrote: "during the Yongle period, the imperial court recruited many people, granted great titles, wasted the country's money and triggered a rebellion crisis. They should be sent back to their homeland. They were originally chosen from the families of the common people and served the prince at any time. Now, because of death or disability, it will be a nuisance to the people to replenish all the troops. We request that from the 25 garrison garrisons, soldiers from one garrison post should be used to supplement the selection, so as not to involve the common people any more. In order to get rid of taxes and corvee, many military and civilian households are pretending to be monks and Taoists. They should let those who don't have their hair cut back to their original jobs. " Most of the things discussed in the book were implemented. Nianfu was promoted to Shaanxi Zuo to participate in politics, and he was soon appointed to be responsible for the management of grain reserves. Shaanxi used to produce more than 900 pieces of silk every year. During the reign of Yongle, fifty camel humps were woven. The rich man asked to leave. At that time, the salary of the officials, the students and the soldiers in Shaanxi Province was reduced because of the reduction of the border pay, and the rich people also asked to restore the original standard. The generals and schools of the frontier army occupy as many as 30 or 40 hectares of the cultivated land. Please let them lose 12 stones per hectare. Wang Zhen, the governor, thought that the quantity was too heavy and Shangshu tried to lower the standard. After discussion, the court subtracted two thirds and made it a rule. Then he calculated the annual grain consumption and used it to plan the military expenditure. After the calculation, he went up and said, "the areas under my jurisdiction collect a total of 1.89 million yuan of taxes twice a year, and the grain income is more than 700000 yuan. During this period, the flow and transfer of floods and droughts (population) and the exemption of arrears and debts (taxes) will have to be reduced by about one-third. The annual cost can be as high as 1.8 million stone, with less income and more expenditure. The local officials, regardless of the burden of the state, are scrambling to increase the number of soldiers, but where do they get their pay? Therefore, I request that idle and redundant taxi drivers be reduced, inferior horses be eliminated, and the malpractice of occupying and consuming resources be eliminated. " Ming Yingzong agreed to his proposal. At that time, there were a large number of soldiers and horses stationed in the three sides of Shaanxi Province (Dingbian, Anbian, Jingbian) in the Ming Dynasty. In order to ensure their supply, they needed to transport a lot of money and food. The soldiers and people were exhausted because of long-distance transportation, but some lawbreakers took the opportunity to commit crimes and seek profits. In view of this situation, Nian Fu personally calculated the distance, approved the amount of taxes, and carefully assessed all kinds of income and expenditure. After some rectification, the past shortcomings were eliminated, and the suffering of the people was greatly alleviated. when he was rich in years, he was decisive and courageous. He did something and was not obstructed by power, so he was famous in Guanzhong. But he touched the interests of the dignitaries, so he was falsely accused many times. The civil and military generals in Shaanxi were afraid that Nian Fu would be transferred away, and they all put on the seal to tell about his contributions. Therefore, Nian Fu was able to stop his salary and stay in office. Nianfu served in Shaanxi for nine years and was promoted to the post of Henan youbuzhengshi. At this time, someone impeached Nian Fu for being an official and abusive. Ming Yingzong ordered him to check with the informer. When he was about to arrest Nian Fu, he knew that it was the young master Yang Pu who recommended him, so he gave up the idea. When the rich went to Henan to take office, it was just in time for the famine in Henan that year. More than 200000 people were displaced. Social order was chaotic, and some gangsters even robbed and plundered openly. Yu Qian, the governor of Henan Province, appointed Nian Fu to be responsible for pacifying the exiled people. With the efforts of Nian Fu, the lives of the exiled people gradually settled down. In the autumn of the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), the Ming army was defeated by the Wala army in tubupu (now Southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province), and the border roads were blocked. The imperial court ordered the rich to pay for the rich, and the rich never delayed the deadline, so they were promoted to the Zuo Buzheng envoy of Henan Province.

Impeachment of corrupt officials

In the spring of the second year of Jingtai (1451), he took up the post of governor of Datong and managed military and political affairs. At that time, the law was lax and the malpractice was especially serious. Nianfu was dedicated to comfort and sympathize with the people. Shangzuo asked for the exemption of autumn tax, the removal of tax bureaus in several prefectures and counties, and the stop of transferring grain and rates from Datong to Taiyuan. Hou Shiheng of Wuqing, Zheng Hong of Wu'an, and Zhu Ying of Wu Jinbo asked their families to collect silver and silk from the official Treasury, buy rice and sell it to the border, and embezzle public money. Nianfu was the first one to ask them to be punished, but emperor Jingtai issued an imperial edict to forgive Shi Heng and others, only to punish their families. Later, Shi Xiang sent soldiers to Datong, and the rich impeached Shi Heng for his crime of being expert. In addition, Nianfu impeached Wei lizhuan, the commander in charge of the central government, Shi Biao, and Lin Hou, who participated in the administration of Shanxi Province. At that time, the prestige of Nian Fu was known all over the world. At the same time, the families of all the powerful people resented him even more. They united to work out the accusations of Nian Fu everywhere. Fortunately, at that time, Yu Qian presided over the court and tried his best to protect and support Nian Fu. Emperor Jingtai also knew about Nian Fu very well. At that time, when Shanxi was participating in politics, Lin Hou tried his best to slander Nian Fu. Emperor Jingtai said: "Lin Hou resented Nian Fu and framed Nian Fu, but tenggang left the frontier affairs to Nian Fu. How can he easily listen to others?" So he removed Lin Hou from his official post. It is with the support of emperor Jingtai and Yu Qian that Nian Fu can implement his ideas. In the sixth year of Jingtai (1455), Nianfu resigned his official post because of his mother's death and returned to his hometown to keep filial piety. He was ordered by the emperor to resume his official post. In 1456, the rich man impeached Zhang Mao and Zheng Hong, both of whom had farms on the border. Every year, he sent his soldiers to work for them. After the impeachment, the soldiers returned to the barracks.

Remove from office

In the first year of Tianshun (1457), Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was restored. He issued an imperial edict to revoke the position of governor, and the rich man who was the governor of Datong returned home. Soon, Shi Biao impeached Nian Fu because of his previous resentment. Nian Fu was arrested and put into imperial prison (the prison directly under the control of the emperor). Ming Yingzong consulted Li Xian, who praised the rich for their ability to get rid of bad politics. Ming Yingzong also said: "it must be that Shi Biao was restrained by his wealth and could not satisfy his selfish desires." Li Xian said: "if it is true, as the Holy One said, the accusation of being rich in years should be cleared as soon as possible." After investigation, there was no evidence of Nianfu's guilt, so the emperor ordered Nianfu to be released and asked him to resign his official post and retire home.

Return to office

In the second year of Tianshun (1458), under the recommendation of the minister, Nianfu came back and was appointed as the right Minister of the Ministry of war of Nanjing. Before taking office, he became the right Minister of the Ministry of household and governor of Shandong. On his way to office, Nianfu heard that the place under his rule had been plagued by locusts, and immediately went to play the Ming emperor. The imperial court ordered him to be the censor of the left Deputy capital, and he still patrolled Shandong. Shandong officials have heard of the prestige of the rich, know that he came are afraid to obey, those brave and cunning people have disappeared. in the spring of the fourth year of Tianshun (1460), there was a vacancy in the position of secretary of the Ministry of household, and Li Xian recommended Nian Fu to take the post. All the ministers around Ming Yingzong tactfully told him that the rich are not suitable for this position, but Ming Yingzong was not moved. He told Li Xian: "the household department can't do without the rich. Most people don't like the rich, but this is the reason why the rich are called virtuous." So Ming Yingzong summoned Nianfu and appointed him as the Minister of the Ministry of household. After he became the Secretary of the Ministry of accounts, he was not deceived by petty officials. He personally took part in the accounting, carefully considered the gains and losses, and strictly controlled the expenditure and income. Some things are of great responsibility, and subordinates dare not do them. When they get rich, they say to them: just do it. If something happens, I will take the responsibility. You don't have to sign your name when you do things. As a result, the affairs of the Ministry of accounts were handled smoothly. Ming Yingzong was very happy and said to Li Xian, "there are not many such books as Nianfu. "Li Xian said:" after Wang ao as the Minister of the Ministry of officials, people must be rich. " his rich father died, but he failed to keep filial piety, and was ordered by the emperor to resume his official position.

For the country

In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Because of the frequent military use in Shaanxi Province, the person in charge of money and pay was incompetent. He asked for the removal of Sun Yu, the left governor, Yang Yu and Lou Liang, the right governor

Chinese PinYin : Nian Fu