Ji Kang

Ji Kang

Ji Kang (224-263, 223-262) was a thinker, musician and litterateur of the Three Kingdoms period. He was the son of Ji Zhao, the imperial censor.

Ji Kang has been intelligent since he was a child. He is seven feet eight inches long and has outstanding tolerance. He read a lot, learned a lot of Arts, and especially loved the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi. In his early years, he married the great granddaughter of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, the master of changleting. He worshipped the official doctor and gave him the title of "jizhongsan". After Sima took power, he lived in seclusion and refused to become an official. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), he was killed by the powerful general Sima Zhao because he was trapped by the commander Zhong Hui. He was 40 years old.

Ji Kang and Ruan Ji advocated the new trend of metaphysics, advocated "transcending the famous religion and letting nature" and "judging the noble and the humble and understanding the material situation", and became the spiritual leader of "Seven Sages in the bamboo grove" and ranked among "famous scholars in the bamboo grove". His deeds and experiences have a great influence on the ethos and value orientation of later generations. Ji Kanggong's poems are good at writing, and his works have a clear style, which reflects the thoughts of the times and brings a lot of inspiration to the later ideological and literary circles. He once wrote on health preservation. Today, Ji Kang Ji is handed down.

(< I > source of the picture in the overview: Portraits of famous ministers of all dynasties < / I >)

Life of the characters

Family background

Ji Kang was born in 224, the fifth year of Huangchu, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, and in 223, the fourth year of Huangchu. His ancestors, originally surnamed Xi, lived in Shangyu, Kuaiji (now Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). In order to avoid their enemies, his great grandfather moved to Zui County of Qiao state and changed his surname to Ji. Ji Zhao, Ji Kang's father, was an official in charge of the imperial history. Ji Xi, Ji Kang's elder brother, joined the army as a scholar in his early years. Later, he successively served as Taifu, Yangzhou governor, Zongzheng and so on.

Quiet without desire

Ji Kang lost his father when he was young and was raised by his mother and brother. In his childhood, he was intelligent, well read and learned all kinds of skills. When he was an adult, he liked to read Taoist books. He was seven feet and eight inches long and had outstanding appearance, but he didn't pay attention to dressing. Later, he married changletingzhu, the son of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, and the granddaughter of Cao Lin, King Pei. Ji Kang and princess changleting have a son and a daughter (< I > his son is < / I > < I > Ji Shao < / I >).

Ji Kang advocated Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, emphasized the way of health preservation and food, and advocated the life style of "transcending the name and religion and letting nature take care of itself". He often cultivates his nature, takes inner alchemy, plays the piano and recites poems, and satisfies himself. He praised the deeds of ancient hermits, yearned for the life of being born, and did not want to be an official.

Ji Kang once swam in the mountains to collect herbs. When he was proud, he forgot to go home in a trance. At that time, people who cut firewood met him and thought he was an immortal. When he saw the hermit sun Deng in the Jijun mountain, Ji Kang wandered with him. Sun Deng was silent and didn't say anything. When Ji Kanglin left, sun Deng said, "how can you get rid of the disaster because of your strong temperament and outstanding talent?" Ji Kang meets Wang lie, a hermit, and goes into the mountain together. Wang lie once got the essence of the stone, so he eats half of it himself. The rest is given to Ji Kang, and it turns into stone. In the stone room, he saw a book written in white silk, and immediately called Ji Kang to get it, but the book was never seen again. Wang Lie sighed: "Ji Kang has unusual interests, but he always fails to meet his talents. This is fate!"

Refuse to be an official

Sima Zhao, the powerful general, wanted to hire him as an official of the shogunate. He ran to Hedong county to avoid being conquered. Zhong Huisheng, the commander of Sili school, went to visit him at the ceremony, but he gave him a cold reception. When Shan Tao, also a seven sages of the bamboo grove, left the post of official selection (< I > Shangshu < / I > < I > Li Bu < / I > < I > Lang < / I >), he recommended Ji Kang to replace him. Ji Kang's book of breaking up with shanjuyuan lists his "seven unbearable" and "two impossibilities" and resolutely refuses to become an official. It is known in history that "the general (< I > refers to Sima Zhao < / I >) is angry when he hears about it.". Ji Kang took a non cooperative attitude towards Sima, so he hated Sima Zhao.

Guangling

In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263, the third year of Jingyuan), Xu's wife, Lu an, Ji Kang's good friend, was raped by Lu Xun, Lu an's elder brother. Lu an was angry and wanted to sue Lu Xun. Ji Kang had contacts with Lu Xun and Lu'an brothers, so he advised Lu'an not to expose family scandals in order to protect his family reputation. But Lu Xun was afraid of revenge, so he took the initiative and falsely accused Lu an of being unfilial, which made Lu an arrested by the government. Ji Kang was very angry and came forward to testify for Lu an, which angered Sima Zhao. At this time, Zhong Hui, who had a grudge with Ji Kangsu, took the opportunity to offer advice to Sima Zhao to frame Ji Kang. In a rage, Sima Zhao ordered Ji Kang and Lu an to be executed.

On the day of Ji Kang's execution, 3000 Taixue students petitioned for the imperial court's pardon and asked Ji Kang to teach in Taixue. Their requests were not agreed. Before his execution, Ji Kang's face remained unchanged, as usual. He looked at the shadow of the sun and knew that there was still some time to go before the execution. He asked his elder brother Ji Xi for his favorite Qin and stroked a song "Guangling San" on the execution ground. At the end of the song, Ji Kang put down his piano and sighed: "yuan Xiaoni (< I > yuan Zhun < / I >) used to learn Guangling San from me. I always spared him and didn't teach him. Now Guangling San will be lost." (< I > it is said that Guanglingsan was not written by Ji Kang alone, but was given by an ancient man when Ji Kang was playing in Luoxi. < I >) after that, he killed calmly, at the age of 40. Sima Zhao soon realized his mistake, but he could not find time to repent.

Xie Wan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, listed him as one of the "eight sages". In the biography of famous scholars, Yuan Hong also called Ji Kang and other seven people "famous scholars in the bamboo grove".

Main impact

Literary achievements

< sub > master data: < / sub >

< sub > Zhengshi literature

Ji Kang's literary creation mainly includes poetry and prose. There are more than 50 of his poems. There are four characters, five characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters, among which four characters are more successful. He Zhuo said in Wen Xuan Ping: "four words are not restricted by Feng and ya. They are written in the heart language directly. This uncle night is higher than pan and Lu Ye." His four character poems are a batch of successful works after Cao Cao.

The main content of Ji Kang's poems is to show his outlook on life of pursuing nature, acting independently and rejecting fame and wealth. Among them, "you Fen Shi" describes his life experience and ideal ambition, and expresses great indignation at his innocent suffering. At the end of the poem, it said, "Caiwei mountain is a place of rock. Always roar and sing, and live a long life. " It expresses the yearning for a free life. This poem is sharp and sharp, and its tone is clear and precipitous. It can be read together with the book of breaking up friendship with shanjuyuan. His four character poem "giving a scholar to join the army" consists of 18 chapters. The content is to imagine his brother Ji Xi's life in the army, but the free and easy taste belongs to Ji Kang.

The style of Ji Kang's poetry is appraised by Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao long as "Ji Zhi Qing Jun" He said: "Uncle Ye Jun Xia, so he is happy and vigorous." It highlights the close relationship between Ji Kang's poetic style and his personality. Jikang's "breaking up with shanjuyuan" claims to be "hard hearted and evil. He speaks frankly and easily when things happen", and so does his poetry. Zhong Rong's "Shi pin" has the same meaning of "junqie".

musical accomplishments

Ji Kang was familiar with the temperament, especially loved to play the piano, and wrote music theory works "Qin Fu" and "sound without sorrow and music theory". He holds that the essence of sound is "harmony", and that harmony with heaven and earth is the highest realm of music. He thinks that happiness, anger, sadness and music are not the feelings of music in essence, but the feelings of human beings.

Ji Kang wrote "the wind comes into the pine", and it is said that "meeting God in the lonely hall" was also written by Ji Kang. He wrote four Qin songs, Changqing, Xiaoqing, Changbian and Jianbian, which are called "Ji's four lanes" and "Cai's five lanes" by Cai Yong. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty once took playing "nine Nong" as a condition for becoming an official.

Calligraphy and painting creation

Ji Kang is good at calligraphy and works in cursive. Its ink "shining, Qi grid Lingyun", is listed as a masterpiece of cursive. Later generations called his calligraphy "like holding the piano and half drunk, singing and sleeping, and like birds gathering at the same time, the group of wuzha scattered".

Ji Kang was good at Danqing, which was recorded in the notes of famous paintings of past dynasties by Zhang Yanyuan of Tang Dynasty. At that time, Ji Kang's "nest by Xier" and "lion striking image" were handed down and later lost.

Health preserving thought

Ji Kang inherited Lao Zhuang's thought of health preservation and had a lot of experience in practice. His theory of health preservation is the first comprehensive and systematic monograph on health preservation in the history of Chinese health preservation. Later generations, such as Tao Hongjing and Sun Simiao, have learned from his health preserving thoughts.

In Ji Kang Ji, the theory of health preservation is included, and the view of health preservation is put forward.

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the study of health preservation flourished, but there were two opposite ideas at that time: one was that the cultivation of Taoism can become immortality and immortality; the other was that "life and death are all from heaven, half from man." In view of this phenomenon, Ji Kang pointed out that it is impossible for immortals. If the guidance and cultivation are reasonable, the views of an Qi and Peng Zu can be reached.

In his important book on health preservation, he put forward the following viewpoints based on the general argument of leading to health preservation

1、 The most important thing is to nourish both the body and the spirit. He exemplified the powerful effect of spirit on human body, and pointed out that "from this point of view, spirit is to human body, and there is a king in the kingdom." And traditional Chinese medicine also believes that human beings are based on God, and the destruction of God means the destruction of form. Ji Kang grasped the essence of health preservation here.

2、 Health care should pay attention to the benefits of one effort, be careful of the harm of one pass, and be carried out in an all-round way. Ji Kang thinks that all things are born in heaven and earth, and the maintenance given after tomorrow is different, so the life span is not the same. Don't take advantage of small but not too small, take precautions, prevent early, and strive for long life actively.

3、 It is pointed out that if we do not pay attention to health preservation, indulge in sound and color, drown in taste, and seven emotions are too much, we are easy to die young. "If a man is a small man, he will not be able to attack. If he is easily exhausted, but if he is attacked inside and outside, he will not be able to fight for a long time."

4、 Ji Kang also warned health practitioners to be confident and firm

Chinese PinYin : Ji Kang