Cui Dunli

Cui Dunli

Cui Dunli (596-656), originally named Yuanli, was born in Xianyang, Yongzhou (now Xianyang, Shaanxi). He was the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty and the grandson of Cui Zhongfang, Minister of rites of the Sui Dynasty.

Cui Dunli was born in the second room of the Cui family in Boling. In the early Tang Dynasty, he successively held the posts of Tongshi Sheren, Zuo Weilang general, Zhongshu Sheren, Shilang of the Ministry of war, Shangshu of the Ministry of war, etc. He knew all kinds of situations, sent envoys to Turk, Huihe, tiele and other northern tribes for many times, and followed Li Ji to defeat Xue yantuo. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, he worshipped the prime minister and served successively as the Minister of the central government and the Secretary of the central government.

In the first year of Xianqing (656), Cui Dunli was appointed Prince Shaoshi and tongsanpin. He died in August when he was in office. At the age of 61, Cui Dunli gave his posthumous title to Kaifu Yitong Sansi and Bingzhou Dadu Du. He was buried with Zhaoling and later to an Guogong.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Cui Dunli was born in Boling. His family lived in Boling (now Anping, Hebei). He moved to Guanzhong at the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty and settled in Xianyang, Yongzhou. Since he was a child, he has been involved in literature and history, admiring Su Wu and advocating righteousness. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, he successively held the posts of Zuo Xunwei and Tongshi Sheren. In the ninth year of Wude (626), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty killed Prince Li Jiancheng and seized the throne in the Xuanwumen revolution. Cui Dunli was appointed to Youzhou to summon Lujiang King Liyuan into the court. Li Yuan, who belonged to Li Jiancheng's party, was upset, so he rebelled against Youzhou, detained Cui Dunli and forced him to inquire about the capital. Cui Dunli was always unyielding. Soon after, Li Yuan was defeated and killed, and the rebellion was put down. Cui Dunli was released, and was praised by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty. He was promoted to Zuo Weilang, and was granted good horse and gold.

He used to make many friends

In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Cui Dunli was promoted to Zhongshu Sheren. Later, he became the Minister of the Ministry of war. He also sent envoys to various Turkic ministries for many times and was awarded the title of Yin Qing Guanglu. He was familiar with four situations, and would get Taizong's approval for every request. In 642, Cui Dunli sent an envoy to Xue yantuo, who released the impounded Tang general Qi Li on the condition of making peace with his relatives. In the 20th year of Zhen Guan (646), Cui Dunli was appointed as governor of Lingzhou, and was granted the title of minister of the Ministry of war and chief inspector of hongluqing. He pacified Huihe, tiele and other tribes with integrity. In the same year, the Tang army destroyed Xue yantuo, and ordered Cui Dunli and Li Ji of England to place the remains of Xue yantuo in the northern foot of yudujun mountain (now Hangai mountain in Mongolia). At that time, the remnant of Xue yantuo wavered between surrender and rebellion. Li jisui and Cui Dunli went out to destroy Xue yantuo. In 648, tumindu, the leader of Huihe, was killed by his nephew Wuhe. Later, Wuhe was lured and killed by the Minister of Yuan Dynasty, the Deputy capital of Yanran. The political situation of Huihe was in chaos. Worried that Huihe would betray the imperial court, Emperor Taizong appointed Cui Dunli as the Deputy General of jinshandao to pacify Huihe. The son of tumidu in Cui Dun's ritual book, Po run, became the general of Zuo Xiaowei, the commander of Dazhou Lifa and the commander of Hanhai, and let him lead Huihe. The Huihe chaos finally subsided.

Promotion to prime minister

In the second year of Yonghui reign (651), more than ten thousand families of Telang Qiang and Bihui Qiang in the western regions moved eastward, and arrived in Maozhou (now Maoxian County, Sichuan Province) in November of that year. The above form is attached. In the third year of Yonghui (652), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Cui Dunli to lead 10000 troops from Bingzhou and Fenzhou to Maozhou to resettle two Qiang people. In the fourth year of Yonghui (653), Cui Dunli took over from Gao Jifu as the minister and became the prime minister. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Cui Dunli changed his post to zhongshuling, and was granted the title of Guanglu doctor. Later, he also served as Zhan Shi, the crown prince of school inspection. He applied to Gaozong several times to be an official on the grounds of old age and illness, but they were not approved. In the first year of Xianqing (656), Cui Dunli was appointed Prince Shaoshi, and he was still the prime minister. Emperor Gaozong also called his son back to Beijing to serve the decoction.

Death of illness

Cui Dunli was not long after he became the crown prince's junior teacher. He died in August of that year, and he was 61 years old. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty mourned at the dragon gate of Dongyun, and gave him the title of Kaifu Yitong San Si and Bingzhou Dadu Du Du, with the posthumous title of Zhao, and was buried with Zhaoling. Later, Cui Dunli was presented as the Duke of an.

Main achievements

Military and political achievements

To send envoys:

In the early Tang Dynasty, Cui Dunli was famous for his "deep understanding of Tibetan feelings". He sent envoys to Turkic, Xue yantuo, Huihe, tiele and other northern minority tribes for many times. Every invitation was approved by the emperor. He sent an envoy to Xue yantuo to rescue the famous general of Hui He Li; he sent an envoy to Huihe, and Cebai was named as the leader of Huihe to quell the chaos in Huihe.

To destroy Xue yantuo:

In 646, Cui Dunli and Li Ji led the army to attack the northern foot of yudujun mountain and destroy the remnant of Xue yantuo. In this battle, more than 30000 people were captured and more than 5000 were decapitated. Xue yantuo established his country for 20 years, passed on to three generations of monarchs, and then completely perished.

Historical achievements

Cui Dunli once presided over the compilation of the history of the Tang Dynasty, and wrote 81 volumes of the history in July of the first year of Xianqing (656). The first year of the uprising (617) in Jinyang and the death of Taizong in the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649) cover the history of Gaozu and Taizong.

Anecdotes and allusions

During the reign of Yonghui, Li Yuanjing, king of Jing, and Li Ke, king of Wu, were involved in Fang Yiai's rebellion and sentenced to death. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to absolve them of their death. Cui Dunli remonstrated: "Duke Zhou killed Guan Shu and Cai Shu, Emperor Jing of Han suppressed the rebellion of the seven kingdoms, and Emperor Zhao of Han killed King Yan and Lord Gai. These are all examples of the imperial clan being punished for treason. How can your majesty ignore the national law because of his personal concern? " Then Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty gave Li Yuanjing and Li Ke to death.

Character evaluation

Liu Xu: Cui and Lu Shugong were both loyal to the Qing Dynasty, and became the cardinal. He is a gentleman of peace and integrity. Song Qi: Dun Li informed the four Yi people that their feelings were false. They were few, and mu suwu was a man, so he used to use Turks many times, Jianming before and after, and agreed to meet the situation. Huang Zhen: he is a man of righteousness and fame. He is a competent imperial envoy of Taizong. Mu suwu is a man. He is not just admiring the existence of his ambition, but also the final examination. The king of Lujiang asked the imperial court not to say anything, so he had the honor of making envoys; he broke Xue yantuo with Li Ji, and suiding the Uighur to establish an heir, so he had the merit of making envoys; he informed the four barbarians of the situation, repeatedly made envoys to the Turks, and he was able to make envoys. And for the reign of Emperor Gaozong, there was nothing to record. (ancient and modern summary) < / I > Wang Fuzhi: Ruo Yuwen Festival, Liu Xun, Cui Dunli, Xin maojiang, Xu Yushi, dou dexuan, Le Yanwei, sun Chuyue, Jiang Ke, Yan Liben, Lu dunxin, Yang Hongwu, Dai Zhide, Li Anqi, Zhang Wenxuan, Zhao renben, Hao Chujun, Lai Heng, Xue Yuanchao, Gao Zhizhou, Zhang Daan, Cui Zhiwen, Wang Dezhen, Guo Daiju, CEN changqian, Wei Xuantong It's not enough to manage the lower cities, or to rise in order, or to say the same thing in a word, or to compete with each other to praise the heavenly work.

Relative members

Master data: Cui family of Boling

< / sub > according to the records in the book of the new Tang Dynasty, Cui Dunli was born in the Cui family of Boling, and is a descendant of Cui Heng, a Confucian classics scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cui Yi, the eighth grandson of Cui Xuan, has eight sons, which are divided into six rooms. The second son Cui Kun is the second room of Boling. Cui Zhongfang, the fifth grandson of Cui Kun, was a minister of rites in the Sui Dynasty.

personal works

Cui Dunli's Wen Fu, Zhong song Fu, is included in Quan Tang Wen.

dispute

Cui Dunli died in August of the first year of Xianqing (656), but the specific time and historical data are different. There are mainly two views: on the first day of August and the fourth day of August (August 29). The main people who hold this view are the old book of Tang, the book of Gaozong, the new book of Tang, the book of Gaozong and Zizhi Tongjian. (2) on the third day of August (August 28), Yu Zhining wrote the sacred tablet of Cui Gong, the governor of Gu'an, the ancient Prince of the Tang Dynasty.

Historical records

Volume 81 of the old book of the Tang Dynasty, chapter 31 of biographies; Volume 16 of the new book of the Tang Dynasty, chapter 31 of biographies

Memorial of tombs

a burial

Cui Dunli tomb is one of the accompanying tombs in Zhaoling, located in the south of Guanting village, Yanxia Town, Liquan County, Shaanxi Province.

Commemoration of later generations

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > Cui Dunli stele

the stele of Cui Dunli was originally erected in front of Cui Dunli's tomb and moved to Zhaoling Museum in 1975. The monument is 338 cm tall, 110 cm wide and 35 cm thick. The head of JueShou and the seal script of "the prince of the Tang Dynasty, so the middle book of Shaoshi ordered Kaifu instrument to be the same as the third division, and the governor of Bingzhou, Gu'an, Zhao Gong and Cui Gong to be the God tablet". The inscription in regular script, written by Yu Zhining and written by Yu Lizheng, is about 36 lines with 84 characters.

Chinese PinYin : Cui Dun Li