Song Wan

Song Wan

Song Wan (1614-1673), a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, is one of the eight great poets in the Qing Dynasty. He is named Yushu and Lishang. He is a Han nationality from Laiyang, Shandong Province. Born in 1614, Wanli of Ming Dynasty and Jinshi in 1647, Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty, he once served as head of Henan Department of the Ministry of household, head of Jixun Department of the Ministry of officials, head of youdaoqian Department of Longxi, and Zuo Shenzheng. In 1672, he was appointed as general Councilor of Sichuan according to the censor. The next year, he went to Beijing to report on his work. He met Wu Sangui mutiny, and his family died. He was 59 years old.

Song Wan's poems came into the room of Du and Han, and were as famous as Shi Runzhang's, which was called "Southern Shi and Northern Song Dynasty", as well as Yan hang, Shi Runzhang and Ding Peng. His works include anyatang collection and erxiangting CI.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Song Wan was born in 1614, the 42nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. Song Fu, the Gaozu, was the first Jinshi in Laiyang in the Ming Dynasty. His father song yingheng was a Jinshi in tianqijian. He served as magistrate of Qingfeng County and doctor of Jixun department in Daming Prefecture. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, he stayed in Laiyang to fight against the Qing Dynasty.

Song Wan was intelligent and studious since he was a child. He ranked first in the county and government for the examination. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), he entered Beijing as a gifted student. With his father song yingheng and brother song Huang, he is famous in Beijing.

In 1643, the Qing army attacked Laiyang City. Song yingheng and song Mei organized the song clan and villagers to fight against the Qing Dynasty. The city was destroyed and the country was sacrificed. Song Wan, on the other hand, lived in Hangzhou as his elder brother song Huang. He traveled to Wuzhong and was exiled in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Jinling and other places, so that he had a chance to further contact with social life and understand the sufferings of the common people.

Become an official

In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Qing government was a scholar, and Song Wan was a provincial examinee. In the next year, he was a Jinshi, and he was awarded the head of Henan Department of the Ministry of household and later promoted to the head of Jixun Department of the Ministry of official;

Shunzhi 11 years (1654), as Longxi road Qian;

In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Song Wan was promoted to the post of Zhejiang provincial inspector general;

In the 11th year of Kangxi reign (1672), he was granted the post of Sichuan Provincial inspector general.

Falsely jailed

The resistance of the ancestors to the Qing Dynasty has left a false impression of distrust for the new dynasty. In 1650, Song Wan was arrested for his father's resistance to the Qing Dynasty. Three months later, he was rehabilitated and released from prison.

In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Song Wan was promoted to the post of Zhejiang provincial inspector general. In the spring of the next year, song Yibing (also known as song Yibing) was found guilty of theft. Song Wan's eldest brother, Song Yu, was unable to help him. Song Yibing falsely accused Song Yu and Song Wan of conspiring with Yu Lewu (i.e. Yu Qi), the leader of the peasant uprising. As a result, Song Wan and his wife, Song Yu and nephew were arrested and sent to the capital. They were arrested again and put in prison. Later, Jiang Guozhu went to Laiyang to verify his injustice. In November of the second year of Kangxi (1663), the Qing government released him with the principle of "poor governance without trace, false evidence without sitting". The main reason for the release of Song Wan was that Emperor Kangxi had just succeeded to the throne, in order to further win over the Han intellectuals and stabilize the political situation of the whole country.

After the end of the second unjust imprisonment, Song Wan was removed from office, and lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang for eight years until Kangxi was in charge. During this period, there was another prison case in Zhejiang, and Song Wan was implicated in it. He was sent to prison again. Fortunately, Jiang Guozhu helped him and saved him.

In the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Song Wan pleaded with himself. The case of Song Wan got Zhaoxue's approval, and was used again by the Qing government. He was given the post of Sichuan envoy.

He died of grief and indignation

In the first month of the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), Song Wan returned to Laiyang to visit his relatives. Regardless of his illness, he was ordered to go to the capital to pay homage to Emperor Kangxi. When Wu Sangui rebelled and captured Chengdu, his wife and children fell into the hands of the rebels. After hearing the news, Song Wan in Jingzhong was so frightened and melancholy that he choked his chest. He died of illness in the Kyoto Pavilion at the age of 59.

Main achievements

Political achievements

Shunzhi 11 years (1654), as Longxi Road, when the earthquake occurred in Qinzhou, people's lives and property losses, tens of thousands of homeless. On the one hand, Song Wan organized the masses to repair their homes, on the other hand, he took measures to relieve the people. Because the National Treasury was empty, he "became a monk and paid tribute to the disaster from Laiyang post." Because of his contributions to disaster relief and his political integrity, he was granted boa Fu and was promoted to the rank of Jin. He was promoted to Yongping Deputy envoy and was in charge of military pay. He strictly prohibited the behavior of falsely reporting, falsely claiming and seizing the opportunity. Try to reduce the old unreasonable levy to reduce the burden of the people.

In 1672, Song Wan took the post of Sichuan Provincial envoy. Immediately after he took office, he took measures to divide the empty land in the city and the wasteland in the suburbs occupied by the powerful to the refugees for farming, and actively reformed the old rules and bad habits, which were deeply loved by the masses.

Literary achievements

Song Wan wrote a lot of works in his life. Now he can see 1333 poems, 165 Ci poems and 223 essays. In addition, there are 2 Fu poems and a volume of Zaju Ji Gao Tao, all of which are included in the collection of anyatang. In addition, there are eight volumes of anyatang poetry, erxiangting Ci, Yongping Fu Zhi and Beisi Cao. In the spring of 1672, Wang Shizhen examined and approved 30 volumes of his poems. After entering Shu, Song Wan compiled a book called "the collection of entering Shu".

According to records, Song Wan's earliest edition is Lichang collection, and the earliest official edition can be seen now is anyatang anthology Volume II, and anyatang poetry Volume I was carved when the author lived in Suzhou in 1666, the fifth year of Kangxi. After that, the author engraved Ci of Erxiang Pavilion, Shuqi of anyatang and jigaotao, most of which are incomplete. After the death of Song Wan, his son song Sibo and his grandson song bangxian collected and compiled 20 volumes, most of which were unedited. In addition, according to the records of Dengzhou Prefecture, Song Wan also wrote one volume of Qinzhou Jiyi, one volume of the regulations on governing Shu, and one volume of the case on governing Shu, "all of which are reasonable and detailed, and the article is simple and clean.".

There are 16 volumes of anyatang collection in Laiyang library, and hundreds of woodcut editions are preserved.

Relative members

Gaozu: Song Fu, the word Jingzhang

Great ancestor: Song Yao

Ancestor: Song Shu

Father: Song yingheng, Jiafu, Changyuan

Elder brother: Song Yu, the eldest son of song yingheng, whose name is Yubo

Brother Zhong: Song Huang, the second son of song yingheng, is named Yuzhong and DAHAO

Brother: Song Mei, Wenyu

Brother: Song Cong, Wan Zhong, another name is mei'an

Younger brother: Song Yu

The eldest son: Song Simai

Second son: Song Sibo, from Song Yuzi

Third son: Song Sixie

Nephew: Song Sizhi, song Huangzi

personal works

Liu Xuefang's spring wine ode, Jiu AI Ge, Ren Yin's new year's Eve works, eight chants in prison, Tukang Cheng, kujingshui, zhuzhenxing, kuyutan, ZhuTie, Zhuhua, Zhuyan, Zhugu, Zhulu, Zhuzi, zhuci cup, zhuhuaping, zhuqiu, Zhumao, chunyeyin, reading in the rain, shuangyange, jieshuci, sheep in prison Fu, five poems of nostalgia, Zhang Juzhi's feeling of hurting Yu's long time in the west, crossing the Yellow River, Tianjia in spring, reading in the boat, just in the early autumn, blocking the wind on the river, feeling of seeing hounds in the boat, drinking with Ouyang at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, moon in prison, sad leaves falling, recalling qin'e · autumn feeling, Xijiang moon · SOLIN Tieya Shi, xutie no such mockery, dream Jiangnan: spring morning on the lake, butterfly's love for flowers, moon's nostalgia for people, stepping on the sand, wild geese, magpie bridge fairy, well frog.

Character evaluation

Qian Qianyi, the hero of the poet;

Wang Xi's epitaph of Song Wan;

Since the reign of Kangxi, there have been no poets who came from Nanshi and BeiSong, Xuancheng Shi Runzhang Yushan and Laiyang Song Wan Lishang. ——Wang Shizhen's a talk on chibei puppets;

Lu fangweng's poems are quite similar to those of Lu fangweng's, and his five ancient songs are popular. ——Wang Shizhen;

The Song Dynasty won the victory with its vigour and uprightness. ——Shen Deqian's poems of the Qing Dynasty;

He is full of talent. ——Deng Zhicheng's the first edition of Qing poetry chronicles;

Shi Ruliang jade is warm and smooth, while Song Dynasty is like Fengcheng sword. ——Yang Jichang's Guo Chao Shi Hua;

Anyatang Zhongju originated from the Northern Song Dynasty. Du and Han can go hand in hand, Yu and Bao can go hand in hand. Zude really good governance, Sun Mou Xiangxian, left poems with Wei, Meng, Yi Shi and re edited. ——Yin Jishan's reading anyatang's collected works;

His thinking is deep, his consensus is broad, his consideration is far, his feeling is long, his Qi is clear and thick, his tone is meaningful and eternal, his style is strict and old, and his words are accurate and qualitative. ——Preface to the collection of anyatang by Jin Zhijun;

The article traces the Han Dynasty, Fu is comparable to the three capitals, poetry and Yu Bao Li Du's long, CI Tan Qin Liu Su Huang's victory, within the world, no one knows Li Shang's character for more than 50 years. ——Zhang Zhongxin's preface to unedited anyatang collection;

The clouds and waters are gone, the green hills are still there, the rain is full of words, the grass is everywhere, the sun and the moon are back and forth, the hometown is deep in love, the soft wind is in poetry, the pear blossom is everywhere. ——Yan Zhen, a famous modern poet;

Song Wan is good at singing. When he reads his long songs, he really feels like crying. Reading his prison poems, "his songs also have thoughts, his tears also have feelings", is not a general theory. ——Wang Xuetai's "qingcilijiu" detailed evaluation;

It seems that talent is too much, and talent surpasses others. ——Shen Deqian, a poet of Qing Dynasty;

The style of poetry is forever Bing Xin.

Commemoration of later generations

Song Wan's former residence

Song Wan's former residence is located in the east of the central street of Laiyang City, built in the late Ming Dynasty. In 1879, Mao Fanglian, the county magistrate of Laiyang, built a monument for it, the former residence of Mr. Song Lichang. During the reign of Daoguang, there was a "Luxiang academy" in his former residence. During the reign of Guangxu, it was an official primary school, and later it was Laiyang middle school.

Song Wan's former residence is now Laiyang Museum, with 46 houses, covering an area of 1054 square meters. There are revolutionary historical relics exhibition room, Song Wan memorial hall, historical celebrity memorial hall, modern calligraphy and painting exhibition room, etc.

The SongWan Memorial Hall in the center faces south. It is a single-layer frame type hard mountain brick and wood structure, with Taiming and cloister, ridge and back tile, and is equipped with two rows of column network, with front and back beams

Chinese PinYin : Song Wan