Zhong Shu

Zhong Shu

Monks and CI poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word is good. Anzhou (now Anlu, Hubei) people. This surname is Zhang, and his name is Huang. Zhongshu is his legal name.

He once took the entrance examination. The year of birth and death is unknown. When he was young, he was uninhibited and almost poisoned by his wife. He abandoned his home as a monk and lived in Chengtian temple in Suzhou and Baoyue temple in Hangzhou. He was called MISHU because he often ate honey to detoxify. Or he used his popular name as a monk. He had a close relationship with Su Shi. Huizong hanged himself during the reign of Chongning.

Work style

Su Shi said that Zhongshu was "able to write good poems and lyrics, all of which were written with a pen, without a single word" (Volume 11 of "Zhi Lin" in the version of barnyard grass sea). His poems are scattered in various notes, such as "Jingkou nostalgia", "Runzhou" and so on. They are bold and affectionate, which are quite beautiful in the Tang Dynasty. Zhongshu's literary achievements are mainly reflected in his ci works. There are some works about spring and don't hate. Such as "xiaoyingzhou outside Yongjin gate" and "butterfly love flower" and "the apricot blossom is close to the cold food", it is known as "the wonderful poems in Tang and Song Dynasties". Most of the ci poems have Su Shi's extraordinary style, which is especially obvious in his works of nostalgia. For example, jinjiaoye's "the Six Dynasties' grudges, even the river's watch, are paid separately, leaning on the building to chant" and dingfengbo's "the scenery of mountains flowing into the river is endless, and you can't think about it in the past and in the present." all of them express historical emotion and broad mind in the magnificent and empty scenery description. In addition, for example, nankezi wrote "the tower of Six Harmonies" and liushaoqing wrote "the end of the earth" and "pedestrians", which also seemed fresh and free. So Su Shi said that he had "nothing wrong in his mind" (Volume 11 of Zhilin) and "nothing to do" (Volume 1 of Dongpo Houji). As for some of Zhong Shu's poems about flowers and plants, they have neither sustenance nor charm.

personal works

Zhongshu has a volume of Ci, named Baoyue collection, which has long been lost. Zhao Wanli, a modern man, compiled 46 poems in baoyueji, with seven sentences, which were supplemented when QuanSongCi was included. There are 22 new supplements to the complete collection of Song Ci.

According to Wang Zhuo's bijimanzhi, "he Fanghui, Zhou Meicheng, Yan Shuyuan and Seng Zhongshu have done their best to build their own families." Shuyuan is like Xie's son, king of Jinling. He is more beautiful than rhyme. If you get it naturally, you can't learn it. Zhongshu was the second and yanfan was the last. "

Yang Shen's Ci pin, Volume 2, says: "the grass on the bank is flat and the sand is flat." In Song Dynasty, only two monks are the best. The works of juefan are like valleys, and those of Zhongshu are like flowers. Zuke and Ruhui are inferior to each other. "

Appreciation of Ci Poetry

Original text 1

Cold food

Xiaoyingzhou outside Yongjin gate, cold food is more romantic.

The red boat is singing all over the lake, and there are tall buildings outside the flowers.

The sun is warm, the smoke is floating, and you can enjoy yourself.

Three thousand indigo, twelve appendix, a cloud.

appreciation

This word describes the grand occasion of tourists in the cold food season of the West Lake. The whole poem is beautiful, pure and graceful, and the scenery is ethereal. It is a unique style in the poems of West Lake.

In the first sentence of the film, the West Lake is called "xiaoyingzhou". Yingzhou is one of the sacred mountains on the sea. Yueshan is a scenic spot with water, which is just the same as the sacred mountain on the sea. And the beauty of the West Lake is not like the strong waves of the seamounts. The word "small" is the most appropriate. The word "Fengliu" in the following sentence is often used to describe people. When it is used to describe Hushan, it is dark that the West Lake is compared to Xizi. During the cold food festival, the West Lake, as a tourist attraction, has a different scene and different days, so "cold food is more romantic". "Geng Fengliu" goes to a new level, which is still a general term. It is only described in three sentences, and the language is sparse and tasteful. The big boat is called "red boat", which is suitable for "Fengliu" and "xiaoyingzhou". Li e's Hu Chuan Lu quoted and explained the original poem: "the red boat at Shuikou is my concubine's family", and then the red boat or prostitute's boat, so it has "song Blowing". "There are tall buildings outside the flowers" use the stroke of spatial dislocation to draw the painting buildings located at the foot of the lake. It's a sunny day. There is a layer of rouman's veil floating on the lake. After a film of "the sun is warm and the smoke is floating", the scenery is vividly drawn. So the spring flowers, the red boat, the painting building, the lake light and the mountain scenery make up a wonderful picture, accompanied by the music of Xiao Guan song. Only when you write the words "wantonly play" here can you realize that the true power is full, and you can imagine that many of the young ladies of spring. However, the poet didn't write about this grand occasion, but adopted the method of drawing inferences from one instance and making the finishing point, and wrote: "three thousand pink dais, twelve langgan.". "Pink" is used to replace the beauty, and the fragrant wind outside the words is full of the lake, corresponding to the word "romantic". There are so many beauties, not to mention the number of people who travel all over the lake. "Langgan" and "high-rise buildings" reflect, including the pavilions on the lake, making people see the leopard.

The language of the last three sentences is refined and condensed. In particular, the use of dingzu pair is more and more interesting. With the decrease of the number, the scene gradually moves from the lake to the sky, the image gradually becomes more and more harmonious, and the artistic conception gradually becomes higher and higher. Finally, the sentence "a cloud head" contains a lot of meaning. "Wei Mo Jing" says: "the body is like a floating cloud, and it will disappear in a moment." Li Bai's "Gong Zhong Xing Yue Ci" says: "only worry about singing and dancing, and turn into colorful clouds." The author skillfully uses the metaphor of "floating clouds" to write a chilling remark after full of prosperity and bustle, which adds deep meaning to the whole article.

Original text 2

The story of Baoyue mountain

Light clothes outside Qingbo

The poplars send each other off.

The West Lake is also in the Spring Festival Gala, and the water trees are in disorder, and the warblers are crowing.

Idle courtyard, small curtain.

Late and early.

The bell has passed, and the fragrance of Zhuan script has just begun.

Interpretation of poetry

This word is improvised in late spring. The author describes the beautiful scenery near qingbomen in the West Lake, and expresses his free and easy mind and leisurely travel. In the upper part of the poem, the beautiful spring scenery by the lakeside is depicted to show the dynamic beauty, while in the lower part, the deep and quiet artistic conception is shown. Up and down two pieces, a move and a quiet, Xiangyingchengqu, quite a perfect match.

appreciation

In the first sentence of the film, "Qingbo is surrounded by light clothes outside the gate." the writer's train is puffed by the wind, and his clothes seem to have lost a lot of weight. The word "Yong" is extremely refined, and the collocation with "light clothes" is extremely ironing. A kind of cool wind moving clothes and flowing clothes is vividly depicted in this way. After writing about the gentle breeze on the lake, I continued to write catkins. In ancient times, willow catkins were messengers of late spring. Floating with the wind of Yanghua accompanied by their own way back to the temple gate. The three words "seeing each other off" convey a kind of cordial affection. The sentence "West Lake" changes from scenery description to season, and the meaning of the pen Turns to bring out the following. The five characters of "water trees and warblers crowing in disorder" are painted with thick foam, just like a picture of spring in the south of the Yangtze River. Qiu Chi's book with Chen Bo describes the beautiful scenery of "late spring and March, grass growing in the south of the Yangtze River, mixed flowers and trees, and warblers flying in disorder", which can be seen in these five words. In particular, the word "Luan" is very powerful. From this, we can imagine that a poet monk with white feet strolls along the flower path at the foot of the mountain by the lake, surrounded by the colorful rain of flowers and the noisy sound of music, forming a pleasant picture of spring outing. In the last film of the CI, the author wrote the beauty of spring, which is very beautiful.

In order to realize the transformation of the scene, we use the word "Gui" to connect with the front film. When it comes to "leisure", "small" and "beginning", all of them are light and flexible in writing. They are elegantly called the title, which seems to bring people into a world that is not accessible to the world.

The three sentences in the poem further set off the environment of the temple and complement the previous meaning. The author focuses on the bell, seal incense and moonlight, which have the characteristics of time to depict. The conclusion is leisurely, and it has the beauty of emptiness. Striking the bell and beating the drum is a necessary lesson for Buddhism. Lu Lun's "the trees in the lonely village are dim and rainy, and the bells in the distant Temple bring the setting sun" (farewell at the exit of the pass) and Du Mu's "the moon at night is the place of meditation, and the bells after fasting arrive at the time of speaking" (to the true master). Zhongshu wrote on the spot, which is both real and empty, especially with far rhyme. Then he picked out "Zhuan Xiang Cai Dian" and made a puppet with it, which made him feel more like Yu Yan. It's really exquisite to use "Zhuan" to describe the rising smoke. With the far rhyme of the evening bell, the smoke mark of the seal incense is the contrast of sound, color and size, and the scenery is in front of us, just like heaven and earth. When the moon comes to the gate, it is a real scene of returning to the time. After the bell and seal incense are used, it is full of Zen and wonderful.

It is the true expression of the author's personality and temperament, and the images in it are the spiritual refraction of the monk.

Original text 3

Nankezi: reminiscence

The green hills are ten miles away, and the roads are flat with sand.

The number of birds complain about the years, but also the bleak time in the end of the world.

The White Dew gathers the waning moon, and the breeze disperses the rosy clouds.

Asked the lotus by the green poplar Dyke: remember the family who sold wine in the new year?

This is a nostalgic poem, which describes the poet's feelings during his summer journey and reflects his deep love for the floating life.

Interpretation of poetry

The first two sentences write about a monk who is travelling all over the world. He is walking along the wet and sandy road by the river. Maybe he is looking for a temple with bills in the green mountains and jungle ten miles away. The two sentences give a picture of the landscape, which reflects the loneliness of the person traveling alone. According to his life experience, it can be inferred that the reason why he traveled everywhere was not entirely for the sake of worshiping Buddhism, but for the sake of seeking ways and visiting friends, or for the sake of indulging in mountains and rivers and eliminating worldly worries. Next, he suddenly sighs that "the birds sing and complain about their time". It's not the birds singing and complaining about their time, but the traveler's regret of wasting his time when he heard the birds on his way. The singing of birds and the blooming of flowers were originally a great scene for a happy tour, but for a wandering monk who abandoned his home, what he felt was a "bleak time". The word "again is" in front of him shows that this kind of wandering life is not short. The author is able to write down his experiences and feelings in words and in scenes, which shows his strong poetic sentiment and frank character.

appreciation

In the past, the "waning moon"“

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Shu