Sun Chengzong

Sun Chengzong

Sun Chengzong (1563-1638) was born in Gaoyang County, Baoding Prefecture, Hebei Province. He was not only an outstanding military strategist, loyal patriot and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty, but also an excellent educator, scholar and poet. He used to be a teacher of Zhu you school, Emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty. Qian Qianyi, a literary leader and famous talent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, respected him all his life and always regarded him as a teacher.

Under the circumstances of successive defeats in the Ming Dynasty and the later Jin Dynasty and the critical situation of border defense, sun Chengzong replaced Wang Zaijin to become the governor of Jiliao. He built the guanning Jin defense line, led the army of 110000, recovered more than 400 li of lost land, selected and trained a group of civil and military generals such as Ma Shilong and Yuan Chonghuan, built nine big cities, more than 40 small castles, and settled more than 5000 hectares of farmland, resettling nearly one million refugees from the war He made great contributions in forcing Nurhachi to retreat seven hundred Li. Later, he was pushed out by Wei Zhongxian and resigned.

In the autumn of the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji, the commander of the Jin army, bypassed the guanning defense line and entered the Great Wall. Sun Chengzong was appointed by Emperor Chongzhen to guard the capital and control all kinds of reinforcements. Sun Chengzong, regardless of fatigue, inspected the inner and outer cities of Beijing overnight and arranged defense. The next day, the emperor ordered sun Chengzong to go out to guard Tongzhou. Sun Chengzong and Mao Yuanyi led 28 cavalry, regardless of the enemy forces all over the city, rushed out of DongBianMen and entered Tongzhou to resist the enemy. He recovered the four towns of Yongping, luanzhou, Qian'an and Zunhua that Huang Taiji left behind after his retreat, and eliminated the armed forces of the later Jin Dynasty in the pass, which is known as the "Zunyong great victory" in history.

In 1638, the Qing army attacked Gaoyang. Sun Chengzong led the whole people and their families to guard the city. After the city was broken, he hanged himself and died. In the first year of Hongguang in Nanming Dynasty (1644), he was granted the title of "Wenzhong" to the grand master and "Zhongding" to Emperor Gaozong in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of poetry collection "Gaoyang collection" and military works "Che Ying Kou Da co edited".

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sun Chengzong, a child rope, has a marvelous face, a beard like a halberd, and a strong voice. Sun Chengzong once worked as a tutor in the homes of court officials such as Youcheng Jiangbi of Dali temple and guard Fang of bingbeidao. Later, he was promoted to governor of Datong because of guard Fang, and sun Chengzong accompanied him. Datong was an important border town in Ming Dynasty at that time. When he taught at the border, he was very interested in military affairs. I like to talk with border veterans and junior officers, ask questions about border defense, and gradually get to know the military affairs of border. In the 32nd year of Wanli (1604), sun Chengzong was the second Jinshi in the Imperial Academy, and he was granted the Imperial Academy editor, and then he turned to zhongyun. In 1615, Zhang Cha broke into the prince's Ciqing palace with a stick in his hand and hurt the eunuch. After being caught, he claimed that he was instructed by Princess Zheng. The court minister suspected that Princess Zheng wanted to murder the prince. However, both mingshenzong and the prince refused to investigate deeply and executed Zhang Cha for the crime of insane traitor. Wu Daonan, a bachelor, asked sun Chengzong how to deal with this matter. Sun Chengzong said: "this matter is related to the eastern palace. We can't let it go, but it also involves the back palace. We can't trace it too thoroughly. The little people below Pang Bao and Liu Cheng should be traced to the end. The people above Pang Bao and Liu Cheng are involved in too much, so it should be enough. " Wu Daonan did what sun Chengzong said and calmed the matter down. In the same year (1615), sun Chengzong presided over the Yingtian rural examination. Because sun Chengzong's quotations were written on the examination questions, he was hated by the party members. The party members tried to expel sun Chengzong from the capital by taking advantage of the official assessment once every three years. Liu Yili, a bachelor, tried to protect sun Chengzong, and sun Chengzong was exempted. In the 48th year of Wanli (1620), Zhu Xizong of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne from school, and sun Chengzong took Zuo Shuzi as the lecturer on that day.

Tour Liaodong

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), sun Chengzong was promoted to shaozhan. In the same year, the later Jin Dynasty attacked Liaodong, Shenyang and Liaoyang were captured successively, and Yuan Yingtai, the economic strategist of Liaodong, committed suicide. The imperial censor Fang Zhenru invited Xizong Zhu Youxiao to replace Cui Jingrong with sun Chengzong as the Minister of the Ministry of war. The Minister of the central court also thought that sun Chengzong knew about the military affairs and recommended sun Chengzong to set up a Chamberlain for the Ministry of war to preside over the defense of Liaodong. However, Ming Xizong did not want sun Chengzong to leave the lecture, so he was not agreed with the second Shangshu. In the second year of Tianqi (1622), he was promoted to the right servant of the Ministry of rites to assist in the management of Zhan Shifu. Soon after that, the Qing army marched into Guangning. Wang Huazhen abandoned the city and fled. Xiong Tingbi entered the pass with him. Zhang Heming, Minister of the Ministry of war, was afraid of being convicted and went out to inspect the frontier. The emperor was also worried about the war situation in the East, so he appointed sun Chengzong as the Minister of the Ministry of war and the Bachelor of Dongge to work in the court. After a few days, he was ordered to take charge of the affairs of the Ministry of war as a cabinet minister. Sun Chengzong called for the attention of military generals, and played some countermeasures, such as pacifying the west, relieving the refugees in Liaoyang, inspecting the troops in the capital, adding commander Yongping, building roads in Jizhen, and opening up wasteland in the east of Beijing. The emperor happily adopted it. At this time, the frontier defense was in urgent need for many times, and the cabinet ministers only wanted to be safe for the time being, but the discussion became more and more noisy day by day. So sun Chengzong impeached Xiong Tingbi, gave Shi Ju of Ming Dynasty, imperial censor Li Da, governor of Liaodong, Liang Zhiyuan of Denglai, Shao Keli of Jizhou, and so on. All of them were punished, and many of them hated him and resented sun Chengzong. After Xiong Tingbi was dismissed, the imperial court took Wang Zaijin as the economic strategy of Liaodong. After Wang Zaijin took office, he planned to attack Guangning, but governor Wang Xiangqian thought that even if he could capture Guangning, it would not be easy to keep it. He might as well guard Shanhaiguan and defend Kyoto. So Wang Zaijin built a heavy pass at Balipu outside Shanhai Pass, leaving 40000 people to guard it. Yuan Chonghuan thought that Wang Zaijin's move was not a good strategy. After arguing with Wang Zaijin to no avail, he wrote to the chief assistant Ye Xianggao. Ye Xianggao thought that he could not rely on subjective guess, so sun Chengzong asked to go to Liaodong to make a decision in person. Zhu Youxiao was very happy. He added sun Chengzong as the crown prince's protection, and awarded boa robe, jade belt, silver coins and so on. After sun Chengzong arrived at Shanhaiguan, he toured the frontier fortress. Yuan Chonghuan asked sun Chengzong, "station 5000 troops in Ningyuan, strengthen the thirteen mountains, and then send generals to rescue them. Ningyuan is only 200 li away from shisan mountain. It can easily occupy Jinzhou. If you can't retreat to Ningyuan, how can you give up 100000 refugees? " Sun Chengzong then discussed with governor Wang Xiangqian. Wang Xiangqian thought that the army stationed at Guanguan had just lost the battle and was demoralized. It was better to mobilize 3000 troops to Ningyuan. Sun Chengzong agreed to dispatch troops to Ningyuan on the one hand and rescue the refugees on the other. The rescue failed, and only 6000 people were rescued from 100000 refugees. Sun Chengzong asked Wang Zaijin, "after the new city is built, is it necessary to move 40000 troops to the old city?" "Another army of 40000 people should be set up," Wang said Sun Chengzong said: "in this way, there will be 80000 troops in Balipu, but will not troops be stationed in the northwest? Build a new pass in Balipu. Behind the new city is the old city. Are the mines buried in front of the old city used to deal with the enemy or against the recruits? If you can keep the new town, can you still use the old one? If the new town can't be defended and 40000 guards turn over, are you going to turn on the switch and let the enemy in, or close the door and surrender to the enemy? " Wang Zaijin said, "there are three passes outside the pass that you can enter." Sun Chengzong said: "if this is the case, where can we use the heavy barrier when the enemy forces are on the way down and the soldiers run away like before?" "We are going to build three barracks on the mountain to prevent the soldiers from fleeing," Wang said Sun Chengzong said: "the soldiers build barracks to wait for them before they are defeated. Are you teaching the soldiers to run away? Besides, the escaped soldiers can come in, and the enemy can follow them in. Now you don't plan for recovery, but you are here, shutting yourself up, evacuating all the defense lines outside the pass, and fighting in the imperial court every day. Is there a day of peace east of Kyoto? " Wang had nothing to say in Jin Dynasty. Sun Chengzong then called together the generals to discuss the issue of defense outside the pass. Yuan Chonghuan advocated guarding Ningyuan, Yan Mingtai advocated guarding juehua Island, and Wang Zaijin advocated guarding Zhongqian island. Sun Chengzong adopted yuan Chonghuan's suggestion and personally guarded the gate. Then, at the suggestion of sun Chengzong, Emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty dismissed Wang from the post of managing Liaodong in Jin Dynasty.

Governor Ji Liao

In August of the second year of Tianqi (1622), sun Chengzong asked himself to be a supervisor. He also asked Ji, Liao and other former generals to supervise every place, so that they didn't have to be restricted by others when they acted according to the situation. Sun Chengzong used Yan Mingtai as governor of Liaodong, Lu Shanji and Wang zegu as praise paintings, and asked to take 800000 yuan from the state treasury. After the Emperor Zhu Youxiao agreed, he personally sent sun Chengzong out of the palace and gave him a sword and a boa to sit on. Cabinet ministers sent sun Chengzong to Chongwen. After sun Chengzong took office, he asked Jiang Yingzhao to make military establishment, yuan Chonghuan to build barracks, Li Bingcheng to train firearms and equipment, Lu Shanji and Wang zegu to deal with military supplies, Shen GUI and Du Yingfang to repair the first battle, sun Yuanhua to build battery, Song Xian and Cheng Lun to buy army horses, wanyoufu to cut down trees, Zu dashou to assist Jinguan to guard juehua Island, Chen Jian to help Zhao to lead the school to guard Qiantun, and Lu Zhijia to save the difficult situation Yang Yingqian recruited Liao people to form an army. sun Chengzong found that the soldiers who had been closed before had no discipline, and there were a large number of unqualified people who falsely received military pay, so after the parade, sun sent back all the unqualified soldiers from Henan, Zhending and other places. Seven thousand refugees rescued by Lu Zhijia were recruited to garrison Qiantun. The Liao army recruited by Yang Yingqian went to guard Ningyuan, asking North Korea to support Liaodong, and rewarding Mao Wenlong in Dongjiang town to defend him in all directions. He also ordered Shen yourong to take charge of Guanglu island. After Jiang Yingzhao was impeached, sun Chengzong asked Ma Shilong to replace him,

Chinese PinYin : Sun Cheng Zong