Yao Ying

Yao Ying

Yao Ying (1785-1853) was born in Tongcheng City, Anhui Province. Qing Dynasty historian and writer. He studied from his grandfather Yao Nai and was the main founder of Tongcheng School of ancient prose. Yao Ying was elected in 1807 and became a Jinshi in 1808. Since then, he has traveled to Guangdong and served as local officials in Fujian and Jiangsu. In 1837, he served as salt transportation envoy of Huaihe River and Huaihe River. When the Opium War broke out, he was in office in Taiwan and joined hands with general dahonga to defend his territory. After the Qing Dynasty humiliated and negotiated peace with Britain, they were sent to Sichuan and Tibet as envoys. In 1851, he assisted Lu Jianying in charge of salt affairs. At the beginning of Xianfeng, he was ordered to go to Guangxi to praise military affairs and suppress Taiping army. He served as an envoy of Guangxi and Hunan successively and died in the army.

Personal resume

Yao Ying (1785-1853) was born in Tongcheng City, Anhui Province. He is the nephew and grandson of Yao Nai, the representative of Tongcheng school. He has a deep family origin, but his studies are not limited. Yao Ying has always been interested in managing the world since she was a child, and she has seen everything about the books. She often "studies extensively, studies carefully, and discusses Hong Wei without thinking." her "articles are good at discussing, pointing out the interests of current affairs, and are generous and profound.". In 1808, he became a Jinshi. In 1809, he recruited the governor of Guangdong army, bailing's house. At that time, pirates harassed him, and Japanese affairs denounced him. So he learned about the sea affairs. In 1816, he served as the magistrate of Pinghe County in Fujian Province.

All the chickens and dogs were not surprised, and the people were not noisy. There have been great changes in customs. The next year, he was transferred to Longxi County Magistrate. No matter rich or poor, he was sentenced to prison impartially. Zhang was very happy and was known as "the first official in Fujian". In the spring of 1819, he was transferred to Taiwan magistrate. In 1821, he served as the general judge of Taiwan. During his term of office, he made many plans, built Chengyuan government office, rebuilt Yangshan academy, vigorously encouraged the people to reclaim land, promoted the national unity and friendship between Han people and Gaoshan people, and made positive contributions to the development of karmalan. As a result, he "won the hearts of the scholars and the people" and had a brilliant political career in Taiwan from 1819 to 1823 It's a reputation. Later, because of the Longxi case, the victim was dismissed. "The Taiwan people's Congress was disappointed, and they begged to stay.". In 1822, Zhao Shen, a confidant, wrote the epitaph of Dai Liankui, the Minister of the Ministry of war. In March 1831, he went to Beijing to make friends with Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Zhang Jiliang, Tang Peng and other celebrities. He paid attention to the study of the world, paid attention to the country, and often commented on politics. In 1832 and 1834, he was the magistrate of Wujin County and Yuanhe County in Jiangsu Province. At that time, Emperor Daoguang issued an imperial edict. Yao Ying was highly valued by Tao Shu, governor of Liangjiang, and Lin Zexu, governor of Jiangsu Province, who recommended talents to the imperial court. Both of them believed that they could be widely used. Lin Zexu recommended Yao Ying's comments, especially sincerely. He said: Yao Ying "has excellent knowledge. As for the situation of mountains and rivers, the advantages and disadvantages of people's feelings, she is very careful. Therefore, she has a clear understanding of the material situation and is sure of what happens. His predecessor, Fujian Province, heard of his political voice. Since he came to Jiangnan, he had tried river works and water transport, and he was able to handle all kinds of disputes. The people of Wujin are still afraid and love them. " As a result, he was promoted to the magistrate of Gaoyou Prefecture. Before he was appointed, he was transferred to the two Huai prefectures to protect the salt transportation. In 1836, Daoguang was introduced to the capital. Emperor Daoguang "observed his talents and had a clear and proficient knowledge". In 1837, he conferred the title of "Taiwan Bing Bei Dao" and awarded the title of "inspector". When he took office the next year, he sincerely united with Taiwan general dahong'a to strengthen defense. When the Opium War broke out, he actively resisted the invasion of the British army in Taiwan for five times. However, after the war, he was falsely accused by traitors Qi Ying and mu zhanga of "deceiving others for their own merits" and was arrested and imprisoned. At that time, there was a public outcry and the whole country said that he would be rescued. Soon after he was pardoned and released from prison, he was demoted to be the governor of Sichuan, and later served as an official of Tibet. He wrote down the famous "journey of Kangfu". After returning, he served as the governor of Pengzhou, Sichuan Province. During his tenure, he returned home on sick leave. After emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne in 1850, because of the need to suppress the peasant uprising, he and Lin Zexu were reactivated at the same time. In 1851, he was granted the salt law of Hubei Province, but failed. He served as the inspector general of Guangxi and Hunan, and took part in the siege of Taiping Army in Yong'an. After the failure of the siege, he went with the army to Changsha, Hunan Province and died of illness. His life and works have been handed down to the world.

Anti British struggle

The whole story of the incident

After the outbreak of the Opium War, Yao Ying, who was then Taiwan's soldier in the Qing Dynasty, and dahong'a, commander in chief, actively prepared for the war and organized Taiwan's army and people to fight against the British Invaders. On September 30, 1841, the British Invaders invaded Taiwan's Jilong port, and a British two masted gunship bombarded Jilong (Keelung). Taiwan's army and people fought back. They were shot by Qiu Zhengong, a member of the army, and sank on the rocks, killing 32 British soldiers. When the invading army went ashore to flee for their lives, they pursued and captured separately for the "tunding villagers" in Taiwan, captured 130 people alive, captured weapons and maps, and repulsed the British invasion. This is the first victory of Taiwan's army and people in resisting British invasion of Taiwan. On October 19, the British three masted warships attacked Taiwan's Sansha Bay fort. Our Taiwan garrison united and repulsed the British. On March 11, 1842, three British three masted warships sailed into Taiwan's Da'an harbor. They were repulsed by the garrison of Da'an harbor, and 49 British were captured by the garrison. On September 29, 1842, the Qing government's imperial ministers Qi Ying, yilibu, Niu Jian and the British plenipotentiary Pu dingcha signed the Sino British Treaty of Nanjing in Nanjing. Since then, Pu dingcha asked the Qing government to punish Taiwan's Anti Japanese generals. The Qing government, at the request of the enemy, arrested Yao Ying and Dahong a ge.

Mr. Chen Youbing made a detailed textual research on Yao Ying's strategic policy of anti British and the measures of "protecting and Governing Taiwan" in his article "thirty one new textual research on the hometown of classics and famous essays: a generation of talents who are both civil and military and can be widely used".

He said: "Yao Ying was a famous militarist who led Taiwan's army and people to resist the British invasion bravely during the Opium War and won victories in all five wars.

In the Opium War, he, Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen and others were the main fighting groups who resolutely resisted Britain. As Taiwan's top military and political officer, from July 1840 to March 1842, he led Taiwan's army and people to fight against the British colonial invading army in five Taiwan Defense wars. He never lost a single battle or lost an inch of land. He is worthy of a glorious banner of patriotism and protection of Taiwan, and is also a rare honor in modern Chinese history in fighting against foreign invasion.

The Opium War broke out in June 1840. The British colonists saw China's Taiwan hanging over the East China Sea, and attacked Taiwan as a direct step to attack Taiwan Chinese mainland. On September 30, 1841, the British Invaders invaded Keelung harbor, Taiwan. A British double masted gunship bombarded the Ersha Bay fort and barracks with heavy artillery. Yao Ying, who was then Taiwan's military strategist, and dahong'a, the commander in chief of coordinated defense, did not show any weakness and fought back. General Qiu Zhengong fired an eight kilo cannon to break his mast, killing 32 British soldiers. The British ship pulled out and sank on the rocks. The British army fell into the water. Some of them went ashore on the river, while others scrambled to escape by sampan. When the invading army went ashore to escape, they were chased and captured separately by the "tunding villagers" in Taiwan. One hundred and sixty-six British soldiers were killed and captured, and weapons and maps were seized, including ten new cannons. This was the first victory of Taiwan's army and people in resisting British invasion of Taiwan. On March 11, 1842, the British warships "nabuda" and "anyin" invaded Da'an harbor at the junction of Tanshui and Changhua. Instead of fighting with them on the sea, Yao Ying adopted the tactics of "luring and grounding, setting up an ambush to annihilate and capture" and secretly told Gao Chunru and others to inspect. Zhou Zi, a fisherman, disguised as a spy, led the enemy ship "anyin" to tudiguonggang and ran aground The ambush attacked vigorously, killing and injuring 60 British soldiers, 5 traitors, and capturing more than 200 prisoners. Thirteen big and small copper and iron cannons, 20 shotguns, and 27 short knives were seized.

There were also three small victories: in July 1840, a British twin masted ship invaded the sea of Taiwan's Lu Er Men Wai and was defeated by Yao Ying. This was the victory of the British army in the first battle, which greatly boosted their morale. The second time was in July 1841, when the three three masted ships of the British army invaded again and were repulsed. The third time was in October 1841, when the British army made a comeback and landed in Keelung by force under the cover of artillery fire. Under the command of Yao Ying, they annihilated the landing British troops.

The five battles won five victories, which shocked China and foreign countries. Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty praised them many times.

The reason for the five victories in the five battles is not so-called Providence, nor fluke, but the result of Yao Ying's active preparation for the war, taking the lead, bravely resisting the enemy's excellent command.

Although Yao Ying led the army and the people to defeat the British army in Taiwan, the corrupt and incompetent Qing government was repeatedly defeated and lost its city and land in the coastal areas of the mainland. Finally, under the influence of the capitulationists such as Qi Ying, ILIB and Yi Liang, the Nanjing Treaty was signed in August 1842. However, the success of Taiwan's anti British struggle made some capitulators, especially those who directly participated in the Opium War, get stuck in the throat. During the war, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces lost their divisions and lands, and Taiwan alone won the victory. "It is suspected that the governor's failure is due to the reward given to the town and the governor's failure." moreover, Taiwan has repeatedly invited the reward, and has committed the self awakening warning. Yao Ying and others "have long been envied by Chinese and foreign ministers". At the same time, Britain was extremely angry with its five wars and five defeats in Taiwan, with hundreds of people killed and injured. It hated Yao Ying and dahong'a to the bone, so it must get rid of them. His special envoy Pu dingcha asked the Qing government to punish Taiwan's Yao Ying and dahong'a Anti Japanese generals. He slandered Yao Ying and dahong'a for their "false contributions" and "wrongly killed" their "narbuda" and "anyin" refugees. He asked the Qing government to "remove the officials and rectify the law" and "repay them with their lives", or "fight back". The capitulators such as Qi Ying and mu zhang'a also helped the tyrant to impeach him. In January of the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), Yiliang, the new governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, was appointed

Chinese PinYin : Yao Ying