Yao Wentian

Yao Wentian

Yao Wentian (1758-1827) was named qiunong and Meiyi. Guian (Wuxing, Zhejiang). The number one scholar in Qing Dynasty. In 1799, Yao Wentian won the first place of Jinshi in Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty. Han Yuan is a great scholar in the literary world. He was a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He was No. 1 in senior high school during the reign of Jiaqing, and became a minister of rites. This highly respected old gentleman is rigorous in his studies, upright and upright in his official career.

Life of the characters

Yao Wentian (1758-1827) was named qiunong and Meiyi. Guian (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province) people.

When he was young, his family was poor, his father traveled to other places, and his mother Shen taught scriptures in person. Sometimes she couldn't make a fire or open a pot. People advised her to sell her old house. Shen said, "when my son becomes an official, I'll stay here to build a yipinfang."

In 1794, the emperor visited Tianjin. Yao Wentian won the first place in the examination and was appointed secretary of the cabinet to serve as Zhang Jing. After that, it really became the number one in the world.

In 1799, Yao Wentian won the first place in the Imperial Academy.

Jiaqing 5 (1800), as Guangdong Provincial examination examiner.

Jiaqing 6 years (1801) as Fujian provincial examination examiner. Later, he served as a scholar in Guangdong.

In the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806), he served as an official of daily life.

Jiaqing 12 years (1807), as the Shandong provincial examination examiner. Soon, Yao Wentian returned home because of his father's death.

Jiaqing 15 years (1810), three years of mourning Xiaoman, Yao Wentian moved to zhanshifu youchunfang zuozhongyun, as the daily living notes officer. He took up the post of Henan Xuezheng.

Jiaqing 16 years (1811), moved to the Imperial Academy to speak, to read.

Jiaqing 17 years (1812), promote Zhan Shi Fu right Shu son.

Jiaqing 18 years (1813), Yao Wentian was promoted to Guozijian Jijiu, into the value of the South study.

During the Jiaqing period, influenced by the change of Lin Qing, the emperor called for advice from the officials. Yao Wentian pointed out that at that time, the burden of the people was heavy, taxes were heavy in the south, and corvee was more in the north. The solution is to take responsibility for the people and manage the place well. This proposal was praised by Emperor Jiaqing and was promoted to the rank of Zhan, while Yao Wentian was appointed to the rank of Wenyuan.

In the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814), Yao Wentian went to Shanghai to avoid torture. Only by loving and supporting the people can he have long-term peace and stability. Emperor Jiaqing followed his advice and immediately issued an imperial edict to speed up the development of agriculture and mulberry industry, slow down the tyranny and reduce the punishment. Yao Wentian served as the right servant of the military department, transferred to the right servant of the household department, and later promoted to the cabinet bachelor and concurrently served as the servant of the Ministry of rites.

Jiaqing 22 years (1817), served as the imperial examination officer, governor of Jiangsu Academic politics.

During the reign of Daoguang, Yao Wentian played a role in the malpractice of floating collection of water transport. Emperor Daoguang followed his advice and issued an imperial edict to prohibit floating collection, which changed the bad rules of transportation and prohibited extortion from counties and prefectures.

In 1823, Yao Wentian became a lecturer of Jingyan.

In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), he served as the censor of zuodu in duchayuan.

In 1825, Yao Wentian was appointed Deputy examiner of Shuntian County examination.

The next year, Yao Wentian was Secretary of the Ministry of industry.

When he was appointed to be the chief examiner of the imperial examination, he always pasted striking couplets on both sides of the entrance of the examination hall: cheating in the imperial examination hall had regular punishment, suing villains not to hit the net of the law; in his life, he could not understand a word, and admonished all books not to listen to exaggeration. It can be said to be selfless and awe inspiring.

Yao Wentian is erudite and knowledgeable. He has many works and has long been researching. His learning is all connected, and he takes Neo Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu as his religion.

In 1827, Yao Wentian was an official of the Ministry of rites. In the same year, he died of illness during his term of office. His posthumous title is Wen Fu.

Yao Wentian is the author of shuowensheng, guyinxie, sishengyizhilu, Yiyan, Guangling shilue, Xuya Tang Xuegu Lu, Xuya Tang Wenji and Chunqiu Jing zhuanzuo runbiao.

personal works

[Yao Wentian's couplet]

The old home of hundreds of years in the world is nothing but virtue;

Reading is the best thing in the world.

——Yao Wentian's study

[Yao Wentian's couplet]

Blue cloud nostalgic couple;

The moon is set.

——Yao Wentian's handwriting

Huang Zijiu was plucked from the fist and stone books;

The flower of gall bottle saves lilac.

——Yao Wentian's handwriting

It's hard to live like a spring grass;

Learning is like autumn clouds.

——Yao Wentian's handwriting

This couplet is now engraved in the veranda of Shanghai Confucian temple.

There are always malpractices in the imperial court, so it's not necessary to sue the villains;

In my whole life, I don't know a word, so I admonish all students not to listen to exaggeration.

——Yao Wentian's provincial and rural examination room

Yao Wentian is a clean and honest official. In his more than 20 years of official career, he has been the chief examiner of provincial politics and rural examination for many times. Every place he went, before he presided over the examination, he would test such a couplet at the entrance of the examination institute. This is actually a short notice, warning those who want to make small moves: the law is merciless, don't take chances to ask for trouble, I can't get through any joints here. He can say it and do it, so the candidates dare not go to him, nor do they dare to fool around. In this way, every time he presides over the trial, it can go smoothly.

[chanting Yao Wen Tian Lian]

Yao Wentian called qiunong, Peng bangchou called Chunnong, two farmers, daydream of Tianchou's happiness;

Shuai Chengying character Xianzhou, Heling character Xiancha, a line of Xianli, with the ascended Ying Han heaven.

——The anonymous title of Qing Dynasty is embedded with the name couplet of Yao Wentian and other four people

Historical records

Yao Wentian, named qiunong, was born in Gui'an, Zhejiang Province. In the 59th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, Gao Zongxing came to Tianjin, where he was the first to call for an examination, and he was granted a letter to the cabinet, and then he was sent to Beijing. In the fourth year of Jiaqing period, one Jinshi was awarded the title of Xiuzhuan. He also held local examinations in Guangdong and Fujian, supervised the study of politics in Guangdong and Henan, and offered sacrifices to wine.

Eighteen years, into Zhinan study. Because of the change of Lin Qing, he issued an imperial edict to ask for advice. Wen Tian Shuchen said: "the rule of Yao, Shun, and the three generations should not go beyond the two ends of Education: for the people's right trend, knowing that there are advantages, he should not punish the leftists; for the people's food and clothing, he should protect his family, and he should not be evil. Recently, the South suffered from heavy taxes, the North suffered from corvee, the people were poor and the officials were poor. If the governor has been in office for a long time, the amount of money provided by the prefectures and counties will be less than 100 million, while if the prefectures and counties are wide enough, the amount of talents will be saved. " The next year, he went back to Shangshu and said, "the superior is superior to the inferior, not because they are not afraid, but because they do not love. In Chinese, it is not so much treachery as love. Qin Zhuan law, Hengshi Chengshu, a husband night call, chaos everywhere, fear also. In the past few years, when the government began to control the city, the officials were afraid of the control in Beijing, but they could not accuse one person personally, which often involved dozens of people. The peasants and merchants abandoned their business, and they were in the middle of the road. They were humiliated by the petty officials, and even died. The state's intention of cautious punishment is also called unjust suppression of the ear. Once upon a time, there was no culprit in the case of Ma Tan, and many innocent people were killed. There are ten people who have been wronged. In order to get the truth, there are many unjust cases. Is it possible to summon harmony? In the Qing Dynasty, Lin Qing was rebellious, and there were four raids. The villain's intention is good. He can't be innocent. He's forbidden by orders. He looks up to the emperor's benevolence. Officials think that the more things there are, the more people will be disturbed. Bad people are easy to be resourceful, and good people only increase their hardship. We should make the big and small officials, can knot quickly, no more than one tree lead, common people love each other, riots do not carry on. The so-called policy of supporting the people is nothing more than the fundamental task of farming and mulberry. To the south of the great river, the land is not as wide as the Central Plains. Every year, the grain reserves are provided by the capital. There is no other place, and the manpower is exhausted. To the north of Yanzhou, it was called woyan in ancient times; Henan Province was in the capital of yin and Zhou; between Yan and Zhao, it was also known as a rich country. Now the land is open and the people are lazy. They are not poor and they are thieves? If the crop fails at the age of one, please postpone the levy first, or even increase the loan, or even cut off the grain for relief. The canal has been silting up for many times, but the south-east canal has not been relied on. There are accidents. Why? In fact, it's all empty talk and has never been involved. The price of grain quoted by the officials was up to four or five thousand yuan, only two or two Liang. It was customary for the officials to increase the price of grain falsely. However, if Dong's advice is effective and his actions are profitable, he will naturally fight for mutual benefits. All fields are open, and there is money in floods and droughts. Why should he spend all his money on the government? Good governance is good governance? The reason why the people commit crimes is that they don't teach them. The reason why they don't teach them is that they are not honest because they lack food and clothing. Secondly, it is the first task to support the people. " As soon as he entered, Ren Zong and Jia Na Zhi ordered all provinces to urge them to teach farmers and mulberry as soon as possible, clear the lawsuit and punish the false accusations severely.

In 20 years, he promoted the Minister of the Ministry of war, the Ministry of calendar and the Ministry of rites. In 22 years, the examination was held. In 24 years, he was in charge of Jiangsu Academic Administration. In the first year of Daoguang reign, sun Yuting, governor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, discussed the prohibition of water transportation, and set a 20% discount in Ming Dynasty. Wen Tian said: "before Qianlong 30 years ago, there was no floating income. Later, the population became more and more numerous, the prices were high, the officials and the people were in trouble, but it was just floating. In the near future, there was a discount. At first, the price of each stone was only a few liters, and then it was 50% or 60%. Xiaomin always works hard and does not support livestock, so he is bound to fight against the officials. The official system is based on this. Three people's crimes are listed: resisting grain, wrapping up, and paying ugly rice. There must be some small and poor families among the people. If the family has dozens of acres of property, but the official Fu is not asked, there is nothing practical. Today's so-called grain resisters, such as business households should complete a number of stone, more than 120% to prepare for the discount, the scribes and so on, first to pour the point, kick the foot, sprinkle the various waste, is not enough; then to discount calculation, if allowed to make 70% off, it must add another 30% to 40%, business households will dispute. Sometimes, the rice was transported back, and the counties and prefectures were referred to as anti shortage. When the package is finished, the poor and the weak will be transferred to the powerful ones to accept it on their behalf. However, if the officials are fair, how can they trust others? You don't have to worry about it. The folk carried rice into warehouses, and men, women and children went to the city to wait. The rain was wet and dew was wet, and they tried every means to protect them for fear of beige. It is said that it is not human to make friends with ugly rice. However, the age is not the same, beige can not draw one, also occasionally. However, the officials could not control each other unless they were in charge of the three. The life and prison were temporarily changed, and the Qi people were detained. When they made up for them, they could be released

Chinese PinYin : Yao Wen Tian