Tiansuizi

Lu guimeng

Lu guimeng? He was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), a poet and agronomist of the Tang Dynasty.

Lu guimeng was promoted to be a scholar, and he was once an aide to the governor of Hu and Suzhou. Later, he lived in seclusion in Puli, Songjiang (now Luzhi, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). In 881, Lu guimeng died. In the third year of Guanghua (900), Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict to bestow it on youbuque.

Lu guimeng is as famous as PI Rixiu as PI Lu. His poems seek to be rich and mysterious, and seven unique poems are more straightforward. There are also works of indignation and concern for the people, such as nine miscellaneous satirical poems and two village nights. Wen Sheng is better than poetry, and his works such as Si she Fu and Deng Gao Wen are worried about the times and the world. The essays are unique and have their own family. He is the author of leifujing, wuxingshilu, xiaoyilu, etc., and is included in Mr. Tang Fuli's anthology.

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Life of the characters

Failed in the exam

Lu guimeng was very intelligent and enlightened when he was a child, with noble character and sentiment. He is familiar with the gist of the six classics, especially the spring and Autumn Annals. He is good at writing articles, especially talking and laughing.

In the sixth year of Xiantong (865), Lu guimeng went to muzhou to pay a visit to the governor Lu Yong.

In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), Lu guimeng wrote a poem to send Dong Shaoqing to Maoshan.

In the ninth year of Xiantong (868), Lu guimeng failed in the examination.

PI Lu sings in harmony

In the 10th year of Xiantong (869), PI Rixiu went to Suzhou to work as Cui Pu, the governor of Suzhou. In the same year, Lu guimeng and PI Rixiu got to know each other and sang with each other.

In 870, Lu guimeng went to Hangzhou and made friends with Yan Peng. In the same year, he wrote a poem entitled "one hundred rhymes of bitter rain in Wuzhong, the ancestors of the United States who were rewarded.".

In 871, Lu guimeng compiled Songling collection.

Back home

In the 13th year of Xiantong (872), Zhang Bo went to Huzhou as an assassin, and Lu guimeng, as Zhang Bo's staff, followed him. After that, he followed Zhang Bo to Suzhou for about three years. After that, he no longer pursued fame, but returned to his hometown of Songjiang Fuli (now Luzhi town in the southeast of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and lived in seclusion. When the cold and heat are comfortable, and there is nothing wrong with his health, he takes a boat, hangs a tent mat, carries books, a tea stove, a pen bed, fishing gear, and sings with a drum. In the 36000 hectares of Taihu Lake, the water and the sky are the same, and goes straight into the realm of emptiness. Sometimes they also travel to and from other waters. When they get to a place that is not satisfactory, they leave immediately without stopping. He called himself "a scattered person in the river and lake", also known as "Tian Sui Zi" and "Mr. Fu Li". He once said that he was Han Fu Weng, fisherman and Jiang Shang's father-in-law.

In the second year of Qianfu (875), Lu guimeng wrote the poem "Ci of building a city".

In 876, Lu guimeng wrote Yu Li Hua Fu.

In the fourth year of Qianfu (877), Yuanzai returned to Japan, and Lu guimeng went to see him off.

Qianfu five years (878), for "Ding Yinjun song.".

In the sixth year of Qianfu (879), he wrote leifujing. In the same year, he wrote the article "rice rat" and the poem "xiaojishan woodcutter song", and compiled the collection of essays "Lize series".

In the first year of Zhonghe (881), he wrote the preface of "self pity Fu" and "Lize series". In the same year, the imperial court recruited him as a senior scholar, but Lu guimeng refused to go. Later, several friends of Lu guimeng wrote a letter in the court, suggesting that Lu guimeng should be called to collect the left relics, but he died before Lu guimeng accepted the appointment.

In the third year of the reign of emperor Guanghua (900), Wei Zhuang wrote a letter to commend ten people including Lu guimeng and Meng Jiao. Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty issued an imperial edict to present them as youbuque.

Main impact

literature

Poetry

From more than 600 existing poems of Lu guimeng, his two main styles are Qiqiao and insipid

1、 Strange and steep

The "Qiqiao" in Lu guimeng's poems is mainly manifested in the use of extravagant and vigorous techniques, the momentum of maneuvering, the precipitous and dangerous realm, and the use of remote words.

Extravagance is a common method of Dafu, and it is an innovation of Tang Dynasty to put it into poetry. Han Yu, a famous poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, is a representative poet in this field, and Lu guimeng obviously intends to do it in his poems. For example, in the description of Linyu in the book "one hundred rhymes of the bitter rain in Wuzhong", the poet used imagination, exaggeration and metaphor, and used a number of myths and allusions to depict and exaggerate from the shape, sound, momentum and other aspects, creating a majestic momentum. In addition, the description of illness and indignation in the poem is also full of ink, which is incisive and incisive.

Lu guimeng's long ancient styles are often full of twists and turns. One of the most representative is song of scattered people, which begins with the poem: "scattered people in the rivers and lakes have strange bones and short hair. Carry the lonely bamboo to drag the cold cocoon and recite the ancient Canglang words The sudden appearance of a poet's self portrait brings readers a sudden and strange psychological feeling. Then, by comparing the ancient society with the reality, he denounces the hypocrisy, fraud and servility in the reality, which contains a sense of indignation. When he catches the middle passage, the poet's spirit of indignation comes out: "so the head wants to disperse, but not the front is lofty. So the waist wants to be scattered, not scattered, and I admire Luli. "

Some of Lu guimeng's poems are characterized by steep, dangerous and strange artistic conception, which is also the expression of "strange and steep" style. The most representative one is thirty rhymes of ancient Chinese fir. The object of the poem is an ancient Chinese fir. PI Rixiu, the original advocate, said that it is "ugly in shape, but there are not enough pictures". Lu's poem focuses on "ugly in shape". In addition, the "Qiqiao" style of Lu guimeng's poems is also reflected in the use of remote words. Lu's poems are also full of dangerous rhymes, and the nine best rhymes are narrow and dangerous. His heguanwa gonghuai ancient rhyme is full of this rhyme, and his Nanyang Guangwen wants to live in Jingxiang Buju, to attack the United States with gifts, to pay for the second rhyme is full of Sanjiang rhyme, which shows Lu guimeng's good "strangeness". Secluded words often cause the sense of strangeness, while dangerous rhymes make the readers feel awkward and awkward when they read them, and make them feel strange when they hear them.

2、 Insipid

Lu guimeng said to himself, "if you want to fight against the creator, you will have different styles. At the beginning, you will find that the style of Song poetry is characterized by strong waves, dangerous holes, strange locks, broken enemies, and plain death." The meaning of this passage mainly includes two aspects: first, in terms of artistic style, Lu's poems are not only dangerous but also plain; second, in terms of the process of artistic creation, to reach the highest level, we have to go through hard training. Obviously, "plain" is the highest realm of poetic art pursued by Lu guimeng. Specifically, Lu guimeng's prosaic poetic style is deduced by prosaic content, prosaic emotion and prosaic language.

Tao Yuanming's poems show a plain style, the daily theme, life is an important factor. The same is true of Lu guimeng's poems. He seldom reflects important social events and describes scenery. The common words of Wanli, Qiankun, Tianxia, Wangu and Sihai in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are very rare in Lu's poems. The trivial things such as tea sets, fishing gear, bamboo knees, curtains and so on get more attention. What is written is nothing more than a leisure, a tour or a daily intercourse between friends. For example, thirty poems on one's own, written during the period of the poet's retirement from Songjiang, is a group of works that describe leisure life and express life feelings. Although trivial and simple, there is no lack of memorable life perception and life philosophy.

Lu guimeng lived in troubled times, but in his seclusion life, he gradually formed a kind of indifferent mentality beyond the reality, and weakened the pain brought by the reality, which made his poems show the characteristics of weak emotion. For example, "six new autumn Miscellaneous Poems" is a group of poems to express reclusive feelings. They are respectively titled with the six most basic actions and behaviors in daily life. The ink is sparse and the language is plain, just like six sketches, which show the poet's comfortable, casual and scattered living conditions. Although the feelings in the poems are very weak, they are memorable.

The plain style of Lu's poems also shows the plain and natural language. Take "return road" as an example, the poem says: "gradually into the Xinfeng Road, red decline Ying bridge. If you have been ill for seven years, you will get a pill for the first time. " Set foot on the road of returning home, the picture of falling flowers and small bridge comes into view. That kind of feeling is really like seven years of incurable disease, because of a pill of elixir and disappear. In just 20 words, the poet's joy of returning to his hometown is expressed incisively and vividly. There is no allusion or rhetoric in the poem. "Hunru" and "chude" are colloquial. On the whole, it's like a home talk without thinking. But if you read it carefully, you will realize that this is the language carefully tempered by the poet. "Hunru" is opposite to "chude", and "Qinian" is opposite to "Yiwan", which is very neat and accurately conveys the emotional changes. Another example is "holding the stick, chaimen stand, Jiangcun day easy to slant" ("village in the evening look)", "when the grass and trees yellow fall, neighbors see each other happy (woodcutter)," sunset does not return, chaiye is expected "(" woodcutter "), and" all to the court plant, Qiqi special sorrow "(" court front ") and so on.

As Lu guimeng said, plainness is the highest poetic realm he pursues. Some of his works have really reached the aesthetic standard of plain beauty. It can be said that both in theory and practice, he laid the foundation for the establishment of "plain beauty" in Song Dynasty.

ancient Chinese prose

Lu guimeng's ancient prose has the following characteristics

① Stab the world

Lu guimeng's prose is short and concise, revealing reality and attacking current politics. "Rice rat" is a representative work in this respect. This article is based on the meaning of "poem · Wei Feng · Shuo rat", exposing the cruel exploitation of farmers by feudal officials. In this paper, the rat analogy insatiable

Chinese PinYin : Tian Sui Zi