Tang Poetry

Tang Poetry

Tang poetry, generally refers to the poetry created by the poets in the Tang Dynasty, is the wisdom masterpiece of the scholars in the Tang Dynasty. Tang poetry is one of the precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. It is a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. It also has a great impact on the cultural development of many countries in the world. It has important reference significance for future generations to study the politics, customs and culture of Tang Dynasty.

Formal style

There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are mainly five character and seven character poems in the Tang Dynasty. There are also two kinds of modern poetry, one is called quatrains, the other is called metrical poetry. Quatrains and metrical poems are different in five and seven characters. So there are six basic forms of Tang Poetry: five character ancient poetry, seven character ancient poetry, five character quatrains, seven character quatrains, five character metrical poetry and seven character metrical poetry. The requirements of ancient style poetry for rhyme and rhyme are relatively wide: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapter can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed. Modern style poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and rhyme: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four quatrains and eight metrical poems. There are certain rules for the flat tone of words in each sentence, and the rhymes cannot be changed. Metrical poetry also requires the middle four sentences to be antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style. Modern style poetry has strict metrical, so some people call it metrical poetry.

The form and style of Tang poetry are rich and colorful. It not only inherits the Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu tradition, but also greatly develops the style of song line style; it not only inherits the five character and seven character ancient poetry of the previous generation, but also develops into a giant system of narrative and love; it not only expands the use of five character and seven character forms, but also creates modern style poetry with excellent and neat style. Modern style poetry was a new style poetry at that time. Its creation and maturity was a great event in the history of poetry development in Tang Dynasty. It pushes the artistic features of Chinese ancient poetry with harmonious syllables and refined characters to an unprecedented height, and finds a most typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which is still loved by the people. However, due to its strict metrical restrictions, the content of modern style poetry is easily bound and can not be created and developed freely, which is a big defect brought by its advantages.

faction

Landscape pastoral poetry school

Representatives: Wang Wei, Meng Haoran

Features: the themes are mostly green mountains and white clouds, hermits and hermits; the styles are quiet and elegant, full of feminine beauty; the forms are mostly five character ancient poetry, five unique and five temperament.

representative work:

Wang Wei: Autumn dusk in the mountains, ode to Xishi, memories of Shandong brothers on September 9, etc

Meng Haoran: Guo Gu Ren Zhuang, etc

Frontier Poetry School

Representatives: Gao Shi, cen Shen, Wang Changling, Li Yi, Wang Zhihuan and Li Qi.

Features: describe the war and battlefield, show the heroic spirit of defending the country, or describe the magnificent frontier scenery, strange customs, or describe the cruelty of the war, the darkness in the army, the hardships of the expedition, express the yearning and feelings of national harmony.

representative work:

Gao Shi: Yan Ge Xing, BIE Dong Da, five songs of Ji men Xing, Sai Shang and Sai Xia Qu

CEN Shen: Bai xuege sends judge Wu back to Beijing

Wang Changling: leaving the frontier

Li Yi: the Northern Expedition

Wang Zhihuan: Liangzhou Ci

Li Qi: ancient flavor

Romantic Poetry

Representative: Li Bai.

Features: to express personal feelings as the center, singing the desire and pursuit of personal value of free life. Poetry is free, unrestrained, smooth, imaginative and grand. Language advocates nature and opposes carving.

representative work:

Li Bai: drinking alone under the moon, sleepwalking, Tianmu's farewell, Sichuan Road, etc.

Realistic Poetry School

Representative: Du Fu.

Characteristics: the artistic style of poetry is depressed, and it shows the feelings of worrying about the times, hurting the world, and compassion for the world. Du Fu's realistic style has been inherited from the middle Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty.

Representative works: Sanli, Sanbie, bingchexing, etc.

by stages

The early Tang Dynasty

The representative writers of this period are "four outstanding poets in early Tang Dynasty" -- Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang; in addition, Chen Ziang is also a famous poet in early Tang Dynasty, who is the first writer to raise the banner of poetry revolution. In the style of writing, the works of poets in the early Tang Dynasty are magnificent and broad. They have gradually come out of the narrow palace style poems in the northern and Southern Dynasties, and opened up a new world.

Tang Dynasty

With prosperous economy and strong national strength, Tang poetry developed to its peak, with a wide range of themes and many schools, such as "Frontier Poetry School" and "Pastoral Poetry School". The great romantic poet Li Bai and the great realistic poet Du Fu are the most outstanding representatives of this period.

Their poems are regarded as the best of their generation. In their works, no matter the five rhythms and seven rhythms, the five Jue and seven Jue, or the ancient style songs, they all achieve high artistic achievements. As Han Yu said, "Li and Du's articles are in full swing." For example, Li Bai's sleepwalking, Tianmu's farewell and Jiang Jinjiu; Du Fu's Sanli and Sanbie; Wang Wei and Meng Haoran represent the pastoral poetry school, Gao Shi and Cen Shen represent the frontier poetry school. Zhang Ruoxu, he Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong are known as the "four scholars in Wuzhong".

Middle Tang Dynasty

In the middle Tang Dynasty, it can be divided into the early stage and the late stage. The early stage was at a low tide, and the late stage was prosperous again. Liu Changqing, Wei Yingwu (landscape poetry, Wang Mengyu Xu), Lu Lun and Li Yi (frontier poetry, Gao Shi and Cen Shenyu Xu) were the representative poets in the early stage, while "new Yuefu Poetry School" and "Han Mengshi poetry school" appeared in the later stage. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen led the new Yuefu movement. Bai Juyi, who put forward the progressive theory that "articles should be written in accordance with the times, songs and poems should be written in accordance with the things". Bai Juyi's poems are clear and easy to understand, which are deeply loved by the masses. His representative works include song of everlasting regret and Pipa Xing. In addition, Liu Yuxi and Li He's poems are also quite successful.

The late Tang Dynasty

The late Tang Dynasty is a period of sunset. The famous poets in the late Tang Dynasty are Wen Tingyun, Li Shangyin, Du Mu, Wei Zhuang and so on. Among them, Li Shangyin and Du Mu are called "Xiao Li Du".

The title of a poet

The essence of Poetry -- Chen Zi'ang: his poetry is full of strong meaning and high style, which is known as the essence of poetry.

Wang Bo: his poems are fluent, graceful, magnanimous and unique. He is called "Shi Jie".

He Zhizhang, a maniac of poetry, is an open-minded person who is known as a "maniac of Siming". He is known as a "maniac of poetry" for his broad-minded poems.

Wang Changling, the master of the seven great poets (another way of saying -- Master of the poets): his seven great poets wrote "deep feeling and deep resentment, and the sound and purport is dim", so he was named "the son of the poets".

Poetic immortal -- Li Bai: poetic imagination is rich and peculiar, style is vigorous and unrestrained, color is gorgeous, language is fresh and natural, known as "poetic immortal".

Du Fu, the sage of Poetry: his poems are closely combined with current affairs and have profound thoughts. It has a broad realm and is called "the sage of poetry".

Meng Jiao, a prisoner of Poetry: he wrote poems with painstaking care and indifference. Yuan Haowen once called him a "prisoner of poetry.".

Jia Dao, a poetic slave, is known as a "poetic slave" for his life of writing poems.

Liu Yuxi: his poems are calm and dignified, with natural style and rough rhyme. Bai Juyi gives him a good reputation as a "poet".

Poetry Buddha -- Wang Wei: many of Wang Wei's poems have a strong sense of Zen Buddhism, and Zen Buddhism is incorporated into his poems.

Poet devil Bai Juyi: he works very hard in his poems. He is called "poet devil" because he is drunk and leads the poet devil to sing to the West in the afternoon.

Liu Changqing: he is good at five character poems. His five character poems are seven or eight tenths of all poems. He calls himself "five character Great Wall".

The ghost of Poetry -- Li He: his poetry is good at casting Ci, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create a bright and colorful image, so it is called "ghost of poetry".

Shi Xiong - Cen Shen

Su Shi, the God of poetry

Little Li Bai - Lu You

Li Shangyin, the master of seven laws

Among them, Li Bai and Du Fu are called "Li Du", Li Shangyin and Du Mu are called "Xiao Li Du".

Li Du -- Li Bai, Du Fu

Xiao Li and Du -- Li Shangyin and Du Mu

Su Li - Su Wei, Li Qiao

Yuanbai -- Yuanzhen and Bai Juyi

Liu Bai -- Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi

Liu Liu - Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan

Han Yu and Meng Jiao

Gao Cen -- Gao Shi and Cen Shen: Frontier poets

Wang Meng -- Wang Wei and Meng Haoran: landscape poets

Meng Jiao and Jia Dao: poets of bitter Poetry

Wen Wei, the representative of the Huajian School of Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang

Shen Song -- Shen Quanqi, song Zhiwen

Pilu - piliu, Lu guimeng

Li Yi, Li He

Three Xie in the Southern Dynasty -- Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian and Xie Tiao

Four friends of the article -- Du Shenyan, Su Weiwei, Li Qiao, Cui Rong

Four poets of ZTE -- Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and you Mao

Four spirits of Yongjia -- poets of Southern Song Dynasty Xu Zhao, Xu Ji, Weng Juan and Zhao Shixiu

Su Xin -- Su Shi and Xin Qiji

Su Huang -- Su Shi, Huang Tingjian

Shi Runzhang and Song Wan: poets of the early Qing Dynasty

Three schools in Lingnan: Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan

Huang Zunxian and Qiu Fengjia, the two great revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty

Han Liu -- Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan -- three Su -- Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe

Song of the early Tang Dynasty

This is the preparation period for the prosperity of Tang poetry. The important poets are Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang, Chen Ziang, Shen Quanqi, song Zhiwen and so on. Poetry in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China in the Tang Dynasty was still developing along the inertia of poetry in the Southern Dynasty. The emergence of the "four heroes" began to change this trend. They are full of talent and dissatisfied with the current situation. Through their own poems, they express their indignation and heroic embrace and broaden the theme of poetry. For example, Yang Jiong's "march in the army": "the beacon fire shines on Xijing, and I feel aggrieved Better to be a centurion than a scholar. "

This kind of vigorous and heroic style is the first poem of the Tang Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Tang Shi