Tang Guizhang

Tang Guizhang

Tang Guizhang (January 23, 1901 - November 28, 1990) was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is a contemporary Chinese ci writer, historian, educator, ci writer and a member of the Democratic League.

Born in Nanjing on January 23, 1901. In 1928, he graduated from the Chinese Department of National Southeast University. He was a teacher of Nanjing No.1 women's middle school, Zhongying middle school and Anhui middle school. Before liberation, he was a professor in the Chinese Department of Central University and Jinling University. After liberation, he served as professor of Chinese Department of Nanjing University, Northeast Normal University, Professor of Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University, doctoral supervisor of ancient literature major of Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University, consultant of ancient books sorting and publishing planning group of the State Council, President of Chinese verse society, honorary president of Chinese poetry society, and chief editor of CI ology. Nanjing Municipal People's representative, member of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. His works began to be published in 1934. He died in Nanjing on November 28, 1990.

Tang Guizhang has compiled Quan Song Ci, Quan Jin Yuan Ci, CI Hua congbian, Tang Song Ci appreciation dictionary, etc., and has written 300 notes on Song Ci, two main words in Southern Tang Dynasty, four textual researches on Song Ci, Xiaoling rhyme of Yuan Dynasty, collation and annotation on CI yuan congtan, Chronicle of Song Ci, and treatise on CI.

Character experience

Born in the family of Nanjing garrison flag on January 23, 1901, he was born in Jiangning garrison flag. He studied in private schools.

In 1911, at the age of 12, during the revolution of 1911, the whole family took poison to commit suicide, and Tang Guizhang survived. At the age of 13, he entered Nanjing liqiwangjie primary school. Chen Rongzhi, the headmaster, knows that his family is in a difficult situation, everything is free, and he also bears all his expenses.

In 1914, Tang Guizhang ranked first in the Nanjing primary school graduation examination and was admitted to the fourth Provincial Normal School. Soon, under the guidance of the headmaster Qiu Yu, he read classical poems and masterpieces. After graduation, Tang Guizhang taught in Liuhe Ximen primary school for two years.

In 1919, he took part in the May 4th movement. After graduating from normal school in the autumn of 1920, he stayed in the school as a teacher of the affiliated primary school, and then went to Ximen civilian primary school in Liuhe County.

In the summer of 1922, he was admitted to the Chinese Department of National Southeast University. Tang Guizhang compiled Nalan Rongruo Ci and wrote three hundred notes of Song Ci when Wu Mei was in the University of CI. Tang Guizhang chose to listen to many courses, such as general theory, general theory of Quxue, selection of Ci, selection of Qu, expert Ci, and simplified notation of northern and southern CI. Wu Mei also led the students to establish a CI club, named "Qian club", in which Tang Guizhang, together with his classmates Wang Jisi, Duan Xizhong and Zhang Shilu, became the backbone.

In 1928, he graduated from the Chinese Department of National Central University (formerly Southeast University), and then taught history in the first women's Middle School of Jiangsu Province in Nanjing.

In March 1935, he held regular meetings with Wu Mei and other organizations, such as the society, to express his words. In 1935, he was the editor of the National Library. In 1937, when the Anti Japanese war broke out, he moved to Chengdu with the Central Military Academy to teach.

In 1939, Wu Meike died in Yunnan. At that time, although Tang Guizhang was wandering in Chengdu, he still went to Yunnan to see off his third mentor, and wrote deeply mournful "Yu Meiren · mourning for qu'an" and "mourning for Mr. Wu". Since the same year, he has been a lecturer, associate professor and professor of national Chongqing Central University.

In 1946, he returned to Nanjing and soon lost his job. Later, he worked as a compiler in Nanjing Tongzhi library and a professor in the Chinese Department of private Jinling University.

In September 1950, he participated in the Political Research Institute of East China revolutionary University in Suzhou, and was assigned to Changchun accounting college and Northeast Normal University.

In the autumn of 1953, he was transferred back to the Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University to teach classical literature until 1990.

In 1956, the cultural and educational circles of China set off an upsurge of learning Chairman Mao's poems. In order to meet the needs of Jiangsu middle school teachers, Tang Guizhang made a special trip to Changzhou, Wuxi and Zhenjiang to give lectures for middle school teachers.

In 1934, Wu Mei wrote a preface to the first draft of CI Hua series. After the book was published, he continued to collect it. After more than 40 years of vicissitudes, he finally published five hardcover volumes of CI Hua series (Revised Edition) in 1986, with a total of 85 CI Hua and nearly 4 million words.

In 1979, he published Quan Jin Yuan CI. This work was originally named Jinyuan vocabulary. It was compiled in the 1930s and completed in the 1960s. It was lent to Xia Chengtao, a friend of mine. However, it was copied and burned during the cultural revolution. After the reign of Tang Guizhang, it was compiled again according to the catalogue.

In 1990, he was awarded the title of "expert with special contribution". He died in Nanjing on November 28 of the same year at the age of 89.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Tang Guizhang devoted most of his life to Quan Song Ci. Before that, the compilation of CI books of Song Dynasty included Mao Jin's 60 famous Ci of Song Dynasty, Hou Wencan's 10 famous Ci of Qing Dynasty, Qin Enfu's Ci series, Wang Pengyun's Si Yin Zhai's Ci and 31 famous Ci of song and Yuan Dynasty, Jiang Biao's Ci of song and Yuan Dynasty, Wu Changshou's Ci of song, Jin and Ming Dynasty, and Zhu zumou's Ci of Shuangzhao Lou Jing《 In 1931, Zhao Wanli compiled the collation of Ci of song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and Zhou Yongxian then compiled the gouchen of Ci of yuan, song and Jin Dynasties to supplement the series. Although some predecessors have done a lot of work in collecting and editing Song Ci anthology, it is only the preparation for compiling Quan Song Ci. On this basis, Tang Guizhang carried out a lot of work and collected extensively. After revision, he collected more than 1330 Ci writers, including more than 19900 Ci poems and more than 5300 fragments. From the published collection of Chinese dating literature, the characteristics and advantages of Quan Song Ci are very obvious: first, it is indeed "complete". Only in recent years, Kong Fanli has added more than 400 poems from Shi Yuan, and there are not many omissions; second, it is necessary to select the best edition, collate the best, indicate the edition, and list the doubtful words and sentences Thirdly, on the basis of textual research, the biographies of Ci writers briefly introduce the author's birth and death year, Li Guan, resume and CI works, which are more accurate; fourthly, the author's Ci in the novels of Song Dynasty, the CI in the novels of yuan and Ming Dynasty and the author's index are attached. This provides a complete and reliable generation of literature for the study of Song Ci.

Quan Jin Yuan CI is a sequel to Quan Song Ci. It includes 282 Ci writers and 7300 Ci poems. Its style is similar to Quan Song Ci. From the organization scale and difficulties of compiling Quanming Ci and Quanqing Ci, the significance of Tang Guizhang's compilation work is more and more recognized. In 1934, CI Hua congbian collected 60 kinds of CI Hua and 85 kinds of revised edition. It has become a relatively complete series of CI theory in China, providing basic information for the writing of ci history and the study of CI theory. Due to Tang Guizhang's illness and extreme toil in his later years, the collation of Quan Jin Yuan Ci and CI Hua congbian was a little rough. However, it is commendable that they can be compiled and published, so they are also welcomed and appreciated by CI scholars. The significance of the compilation and publication of these three great works goes far beyond the scope of Ci poetry. They are a collection of literature and its theories of a generation, and are significant events in the history of Chinese culture.

personnel training

In 1981, Tang Guizhang led the establishment of the first doctoral program in Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University, the doctoral program in ancient Chinese literature, which is also one of the first doctoral programs in ancient Chinese literature. Over the past 70 years, he has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents in humanities, including Jin Qihua, pan Junzhao, Cao Jiping, Yang Haiming, Zhong Zhenzhen, Wang Xiaoyun, Xiao Peng, Shi Shuangyuan, Wang Zhaopeng, Liu Zunming, Wang Bugao, Zhu Chongcai, etc.

Honorary recognition

In 1990, he was awarded the title of "expert with special contribution" by the state.

Social service

Tang Guizhang once served as the Ancient Books Collation consultant of the State Council, deputy to Nanjing Municipal People's Congress, member of Jiangsu Provincial CPPCC, member of Jiangsu Branch of Writers Association, member of folk literature and Art Research Association, and vice chairman of Nanjing Federation of literary and art circles.

Personal life

In 1924, Tang Guizhang and Yin Xiaozeng got married. After their marriage, they lived happily and had three daughters (Tang Dihua, Tang Diyi and Tang didi). But this happy marriage doesn't last long. In 1936, Yin Xiao died of illness. Tang Guizhang was very sad and never married.

Character evaluation

Xia Jingguan, a scholar of Ci poetry, said: "the emperor Guizhang of Tang Dynasty was very good at ci poetry and devoted himself to it. This is a hand-made collection of the complete Song Ci, which is comprehensive and comprehensive. It is also an accurate and profound work. It will complete Mr. Zhu and Mr. Wu's unfulfilled ambition, so that they can learn the Ci from the southern and Northern Song Dynasties, and the origin of the CI will come true. "

Xie taofang, a modern CI scholar, said: "Tang Guizhang's Ci studies paid great attention to complete and reliable materials, so he carried out a large-scale work of discriminating the false and preserving the true in many aspects on the vast literature of CI studies. He not only valued the first-hand materials, but also made great efforts to explore new materials."

Commemoration of later generations

On November 14, 2001, Nanjing Normal University held a meeting to commemorate the 100th birthday of Mr. Tang Guizhang. The activity is jointly sponsored by the Chinese society of rhymes and prose, the Chinese poetry society, the Chinese Song Dynasty literature society, the Fudan University Ancient Chinese literature research center, the key research base of Humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of education, the ancient room of the Institute of literature of the Chinese Academy of social Sciences, and the literary heritage magazine, and sponsored by Nanjing Normal University. It was co sponsored by Jiangsu ancient books publishing house and attended by nearly 100 well-known scholars at home and abroad. Representatives at the meeting recalled the touching deeds of asking Mr. Tang for study and education in those years, and remembered his rigorous and realistic academic style, profound academic accomplishment, generous and modest personality charm, and his spirit of education.

Chinese PinYin : Tang Gui Zhang