Zhou Xingji

Zhou Xingji

Zhou Xingji (1067-1125), a scholar of the Song Dynasty, was known as Mr. Fu. His ancestral home is wenzhouwan, Fangshan Township, Ruian county (now belongs to Huling Town, Ruian City).

In 1091, he was a Jinshi and a doctor of Imperial College. He returned to his hometown because he was close to the old people, and was awarded a professor of zhouxue. Later, he returned home from office and built a college to teach Cheng Yiluo. Its teaching activities have a great influence on the academic development of Wenzhou and even Zhejiang. He is the author of "the collection of floating stones".

Life of the characters

Zhou Xingji was good at reading since he was a child. He recited scriptures at the age of seven, and learned to write in his teens. When he was young, he had a private relationship with Mr. Lin Jiefu, such as Xu Jingheng in Tongli. At the age of 14, his family moved to Yongjia. At the age of 15, he traveled with his father to the capital. Yuanfeng six years (1083) at the age of 17, fill Taixue students. He learned from Lu Dian and Gong Yuan. In the second year of Yuanyou's reign (1087), he was changed from doctor Lu Dalin to "Guan Xue". In 1090, he went to Luoyang to study in Cheng Yi. Xingji, a famous disciple of Chengmen, had "learned from Yichuan, had a hard life, had a room together, and never had a glimpse". Yuanyou six years (1091) to test Bianjing, dengguiweike Jinshi. After Xingji ascended the throne, he became famous in the capital. The noble people in Beijing wanted to marry him. When he was young, he was rich and elegant. His voice was like a bell. He was knowledgeable and liked. In the end, Xingji said, "before I arrived, I had a poor aunt and daughter, and I got my mother's agreement to marry.". After the poor girl Shuang Yu, still return to marry Yan. When Cheng Yi, his teacher, learned of this, he said to people, "I can't do it even before I'm 30 years old." Feng Jing, the right Prime Minister of Sanyuan origin, was the noble son-in-law of prime minister Fu Bi. It's really a rare virtue that you don't climb up your own door and don't abandon your poor family. After Zhou Xingji became a Jinshi, he didn't get an official. Until the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he went to Luozhong for a job and became an official in Shuinan. Originally, he planned to further his studies with Cheng Shi nearby. But the old dream has not been fulfilled. In 1098, he became an official in the wine industry. In the same year, Emperor zhezong of the Song Dynasty collapsed and his younger brother Wang Rui ascended the throne, namely Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. The following year, in the first year of Chongning (1102), Xingji was thirty-six years old before he was officially employed by the imperial court as a doctor of Taixue. However, he was willing to teach in the countryside so as to support his relatives. Please play in the court and grant him a professor in Wenzhou. As an academic official, he started school and gave lectures in Wenzhou, mainly teaching the doctrine of the mean. After that, the people of the state began to know that there was "the study of Yichuan". Five years (1106) except Professor Qizhou. In 1109, Cheng Yi was impeached by the new party's imperial censor Mao Zhu, and Xingji was dismissed because he was a teacher of Cheng. When he returned to Wenzhou for the second time, he built an academy in xiechifang to recruit students to give lectures. In the seventh year of Zhenghe (1117), he was also known by Quan as the magistrate of Yueqing County, and lived in Liushi. In 1120, the second year of Xuanhe reign, Huizong emphasized Taoism, and Lin lingsu, a Wenzhou Taoist, was favored. He recommended Xingji as the Secretary of the province. That year, he wrote the book of the prime minister. In the summer of 1124, he was sick in the capital. Fortunately, he was aided by Xu Jingheng to help his recovery. In 1125, he was appointed magistrate of Yuanwu County in Henan Province, and he resigned. Originally intended to return home, because Fang La uprising in Zhejiang, his way back was blocked, and he went to Yunzhou, Shandong Province. He was hired by Wang Liang, the governor of Yunzhou, an old friend of the Imperial Academy, and became a member of the shogunate. He soon died of illness in Yunzhou. Wang Liang reported to the imperial court and asked him to return to his funeral. He was buried in the original Shankeng mountain, Fangshan Township, Rui'an. His father was at the side of the tomb of Yifu, near Xianxin temple, Huling town. His tomb is still in existence. Lin Qingyun, a member of the imperial examination of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem "pay a visit to the tomb of Uncle Gongshu of Zhou" with seven rhythms, saying: "the sword is covered with dust and can't be traced. Fangshan is moving and thinking for a long time. The virtuous and the foolish look up to the earth, and Yiluo comes from a hundred generations of teachers. Crow noise poplar when the tomb, insect Book purple moss decorated with residual stone, parking shame no apple offer, spring grass autumn flowers since the age.

Social evaluation

After entering the official career, Zhou Xingji had a rough road, and he could only be a minor official in his life. He was a talented, knowledgeable and politically ambitious man who wanted to use his talents to serve his country, so he attached himself to his fellow Taoist Lin lingsu in his later years. Xuanhe was finally recommended to Beijing in the second year, but he was only a secretary and a provincial official. In the same year, he wrote the book of prime minister. This prime minister is Cai Jing, the first of the six thieves. It's best not to be accepted. After the defeat of lingsu, Xingji was also dismissed, and finally died in a foreign country. Therefore, later generations commented on him, saying, "when I was a successful scholar, I quit my marriage and married a blind girl. My ambition can be described as" male. "! In his later years, he attached himself to Lin lingsu and welcomed Cai Jing. How could his ambition be "decayed"

works

Zhou Xingji had a lot of works in his life, including 16 volumes of the collection of Fu Li's works and three volumes of the latter collection, which were published in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively. Today, there are still books in Sikuquanshu of Qing Dynasty and jingxiangloucongshu of Yongjia. In addition, there are "Yi's lecture notes" and "Li Ji's lecture notes". It was enlightened by Huangyou, inherited from Guanluo, spread to Yongjia and flourished in chenye. Huang Zongxi and Quan Zuwang, scholars in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, hold that Zhou Xingji is the founder of Yongjia school. He is the most important inheritor of Zhang Zai's and Yi Luo's learning in Wenzhou. He was one of the "Mr. Yuan Fengjiu" in Yongjia. He once gave lectures in Wenzhou twice, founded Fuji academy and trained many excellent students, which had a great impact on the academic development of Wenzhou in the future.

Other information

As for Zhou Xingji's native place, Yongjia and Wenzhou local records never mention that he is from Ruian. In fact, his ancestral home is in zhouwan, Fangshan, Ruian county. His father Zhou Yong lived in Zhengyi Lane in the southeast of Ruian county. Because he was a swimming official and was a Zhengyi doctor, the lane was named after his official rank. Zhou Yong was named Cizhou. In the sixth year of dengjiayou's reign, he became the official magistrate of Cizhou. Later, he was promoted to the rank of Wen San and became an official of Sanpin Zhengyi. In memory of Zhou Yong, later generations built "muxianfang" at the mouth of Zhengyi lane. There is a mansion in the lane, which is called "pingxingdi", that is, today's Pingxing street. The street also gets its name because of the mansion. Therefore, Huang Shaodi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, has the sentence "the old house in the south of the city admires Xianfang, and the spring grass pond is another village" in "Ruian Baiyong · Zhou Gongshu's Fragrant Mountain Valley". When Xingji was young, he moved from his father to Yongjia, the county town. Some of his descendants still moved to Xinduqiao and Baotian Town, Jiangxi town, Ruian county. Baotian Zhou's descendants, in order not to forget their ancestors, built a new "muxianfang" a few years ago. Therefore, Zhou Xingji's native place is indeed from Ruian. Therefore, Zhou Xingji was confirmed to be from Ruian in the Wenzhou literature series Zhou Xingji collection annotated by Mr. Zhou Mengjia published in 2002

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Hang Ji