Prunus sylvestris

Prunus sylvestris

Ye Li (1242-1292) was born in qinghuli, Fuyang, Hangzhou. Yuan Dynasty officials, Deputy Prime Minister.

Less intelligent and upright. At the age of 20, he studied in Taixue and was friendly with Zhu Qing. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, they were exiled for opposing capitulators. In the end of Song Dynasty, he was only a supervisor of the state, but not an official. However, he became an official in the Yuan Dynasty and became a first-class official in six years.

There are different opinions on Ye Li in the history circle. On the one hand, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty commented: "those who have both talent and morality are superior; on the other hand, virtue is the most important, regardless of talent. When the Song Dynasty came to an end, talented people like LV Wenhuan, Liu mengyan, and Ye Li all turned their backs on the state to lower the Yuan Dynasty. "On the other hand, it was also proposed that when the Southern Song Dynasty came to an end, Ye Li wanted to serve the state, but was wronged and denounced. He could not serve the state. When he became an official in Yuan Dynasty, he was honest and upright.

Life of the characters

Ye Li, the word Taibai, the word Shunyu, Hangzhou people. He was gifted since he was a child. He took Shi nanxue, a doctor of Taixue, as his teacher and made up for the students in Beijing. Kublai's southern expedition, the Mongolian army stationed on the river, the Song Dynasty ordered Jia Sidao to lead the troops to resist. Because of the collapse of emperor Xianzong of Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan's teacher returned to the north, and the encirclement of Ezhou was solved. Jia Sidao took the withdrawal of the Mongolian army to the north as his credit, cheated the emperor of the Song Dynasty, and became the prime minister again. Moreover, he became more domineering, founded Gongtian, issued paper money indiscriminately, and oppressed the people. No one inside or outside the Song Dynasty dared to criticize him. Ye Li, together with his classmate Kang Di and other 83 people, wrote to the emperor of the Song Dynasty and attacked Jia Sidao. As if Dao was very angry, he learned that the letter to the court was drafted by Ye Li, so he instigated Liu Lianggui, the Lin'an official of his party, to falsely accuse Ye Li, causing an unjust case, and demoted Ye Li to Zhangzhou. He could not move freely until Jia Sidao fell. After the death of Song Dynasty, Ye Li lived in seclusion in Fuchun mountain. Jianghuai Province, Xuanfu department and xingyushitai vied for appointment as professors in Su, hang and Chang counties. He refused. In 1277, Kublai Khan ordered the censor Xiang Wei to take charge of the work of the Jiangnan censor station, and to visit the Song Dynasty officials. Xiang Wei recommended Ye Li. In the previous memorials of Ye Li attacking Jia Sidao, there was a saying at the end of the memorials that "only when it was lucky that Ye Li used his army the year before last could he save half of the Song Dynasty.". Kublai Khan praised this sentence. Now he heard that Xiangwei recommended Ye Li, and he was very happy. He gave Ye Li the title of Fengxun doctor and the title of Zhexi Taoist Confucianism. When ye Li heard that he was ready to go into hiding, the emissary arrived. In addition to the imperial edict, there was a letter from prime minister an Tong to him, which said: "in Song Dynasty, Mr. Ye was praised by the world for his sincere advice. The emperor was very concerned about it, and now he was awarded five rank official titles. People with talent and morality should be hermit when they are hermit, and they should be an official when they are an official. They should try their best to repay the kindness they have met. " Ye Li changed his plan of seclusion, thanks Kublai Khan for his understanding, and said: "it's my wish to run the country for officials. How dare I not accept the imperial edict." In the 23rd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286), Cheng Wenhai, the imperial censor, was ordered to visit Jiangnan to seek talents. Kublai Khan told him to invite Ye Li this time. After Ye Li arrived in the capital, the emperor ordered aluhun sari, the great scholar of Jixian, to place him in the Jixian Academy. A few days later, he was summoned in the Pixiang hall to express his sympathy for his hard work. He said to him, "I have seen the book that Qing used to accuse Jia Sidao." Ask about the way of running a country. Ye Li tells the story of the success and failure of the emperors of the past dynasties. Kublai Khan nodded his head and said yes, stipulating that he would enter the palace every five days. At that time, all the officials in charge of Confucianism were dismissed for their idle duty. Li wrote to this end, saying: "I read the imperial edict of the former Emperor with admiration, and saw that the imperial court recruited Confucians when it started business and had heavy military affairs. Now that your majesty has unified the whole world, does it not need to cultivate talents and carry forward the way of governing the country? It should not be abolished that all the Confucianists and their professors should shoulder the responsibility of educating the people. Please restore the Department of promotion, set up special officials to educate the students, explain the way of governing the country, and provide talents for the Imperial College to be employed by the imperial court. The corvee of every Confucian household shall be exempted completely. " Kublai said yes. At this time, Naiyan set up troops to rebel against the imperial court in the north, and the imperial court ordered Ye Li to lead the army to levy. At that time, most of the generals in the army were Mongols. They were of the same family as naiyanben and refused to fight. Kublai Khan was deeply worried. Ye Li secretly told Kublai Khan: "the way to use troops is to be extraordinary, not to be numerous. When facing the enemy, we should take measures. Since the general is of the same family as Naiyan, who is willing to fight as hard as he can to pay his Majesty's wages. I asked that the Han army be used as the front army to fight step by step and cut off the way of retreat with big cars, so as to show a dead battle. The enemy despises our army and will not set up any defenses. We will attack with an overwhelming force and we will be invincible. " Kublai Khan used this strategy to achieve great success. From then on, he even thought that Ye Li was a genius. After each strike, he would summon another person to discuss things. In the 24th year of Zhiyuan (1287), Tebai Ye Li was appointed as Zhongcheng, the imperial censor, and consulted Zhongshu to save matters. Ye Li tried his best to express his thanks and said, "I am a exiled man. I am well known by my Lord. I am ready to be a consultant. I should be loyal to him. However, the imperial censor's station was always responsible for the internal and external maintenance of the imperial court, but the minister's fool was not enough to shoulder the heavy responsibility. Moreover, I have been to places with malaria in the past, and have been infected with foot diseases, especially in recent years. " Kublai said with a smile, "it's difficult for you to walk. Isn't it feasible for you to have a heart?" Ye Li was resolute, and when he was allowed to do so, he kowtowed his gratitude and wrote: "although I am not a prime minister in the imperial censor, the imperial censor's platform is the eye and ear of the emperor, and ordinary affairs can be submitted to your majesty for inspection. As for the supervision of the memorials of the censor and the reports of the two stations in Southwest China, they are closely related to the military and national affairs and the interests of the people. They should be presented at any time and widely heard. Everything should not be carried out according to the rules and regulations, so that the memorials can become a form. I ask the emperor to issue an edict to all Taiwan officials and report to them according to the facts. " He added: "it is the duty of supervisory officials to correct their mistakes. If they are not strict with themselves, how can they check others. Among them, those who are greedy and break the law and discipline should be punished by the criminal law organs to punish them for the crime of deceiving the imperial court. " All these were affirmed by Kublai Khan. From then on, the officials of Yushitai could faithfully report the emperor. The imperial court set up the minister Province, and granted Ye Li the title of Zishan doctor and Minister Zuo Cheng. Ye Li also resolutely dismissed and said: "on the qualification of a minister, it is not suitable to shoulder this heavy responsibility." Kublai said: "the Shang Dynasty used Yiyin, the Zhou Dynasty used Jiang Taigong, is it all according to the qualification? The Secretary of state is shouldering the heavy responsibility of the world. If I am bothered to take up the post of Qing, Qing must not refuse. " Give a big car each, let the car into the palace, help the hall. Therefore, he began to formulate the Zhiyuan bill law, and asked to establish Taixue to cultivate talents. He stated to the emperor the importance of education in all dynasties in history, and talents came forth in large numbers, so that the supreme virtue extended to the people. He recommended Zhou Di and other ten people as sacrificial offerings and formulated school rules and regulations, which Kublai Khan approved one by one. Kublai Khan planned to move the clans and surnames of the Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River to the north. Ye Li admonished him: "the Song Dynasty has been subordinated to the Yuan Dynasty, and its people are content with agriculture. If they want to move now for no reason, it will cause suspicion and fear. In case someone takes the opportunity to create chaos, it will do harm to the country." Shizu was reminded to give up the original plan. Ye Li was promoted to Youcheng, the Secretary of the Shang Dynasty, and became a doctor of Zide. When famine broke out in Huaihe and Zhejiang provinces, the price of grain soared. Ye Lizuo asked to reduce the tax of Jianghuai by half, and transport 170000 grains from Huguang and Jiangxi provinces to Zhenjiang to relieve the hungry people. Kublai Khan wanted to invade Jiaozhi. He called Ye Li to discuss with him. Ye Li thought, "it's useless for a small country far away. If the army goes to invade, it will cost a lot of money and property, and the mountain road is dangerous. If it goes deep into the enemy's territory, in case of setbacks, it will damage the prestige of people far away." After hearing his advice, Shizu stopped the expedition. In the 25th year of Zhiyuan (1288), Ye Li was promoted to the rank of Pingzhang. Ye Li was determined not to accept his advice. The emperor respected his opinion and granted Yudai and Pingjiang 4000 mu of farmland to be promoted to the rank of nobility. Sangge was the Prime Minister of Shangshu province. He was monopolized by the political power, plundered wealth and poisoned the people. Although Ye Li and sang GE's colleagues, they can't correct his wrong policy. After Sangge's failure, his officials were implicated. Ye Li returned to Jiangnan because of illness. Li Gan, the founder of Yangzhou Confucian school, wrote: "Ye Li was a criminal who was punished by Tsing. He was once in a blue moon when he was known by the emperor. As soon as he received the favor of the emperor, he recommended Sangge. According to the court official, Sangge killed Guo you and Yang jukuan, who participated in politics, forcing Liu Xuan to commit suicide, imprisoning Chen Tianxiang, an official in charge of writing, deposing mengdazhan, an official in charge of imperial history, serving Cheng Wenhai, and whipping and supervising the imperial history. He also changed the currency law, reduced the amount of school food, collected the salary of officers, reduced the rations of soldiers, and set up a department Both the government and the people suffered from the increase in taxes on salt, wine and vinegar. In particular, it is distressing to see that the people who want to bundle trees suffer from Huguang, shabudin from Jianghuai, and mieguili from Fujian. He also wantonly cleaned up the money and grain, making people complain and steal, natural anger and earthquake, flood happened again and again. Fortunately, Emperor Shengming changed his wrong policy. People all know that Sangge is guilty of ordinary villains, but they don't know that Ye Li recommended Sangge. Although Ye Li deposed Prime Minister Quan, he failed to do so. People around the world often privately argue that Ye Li should be beheaded to thank the world. " After reading the memorial, Kublai Khan said in surprise, "Ye Li is honest and upright. As far as I know, there are no such things!" He summoned Li Gan to the capital to inquire. In February of the 29th year of Zhiyuan (1292), Ye Li Nan returned to Linqing, and Kublai sent an envoy to recall him. He made Ren Ping Zhang's political affairs and assisted the Prime Minister Wan Ze in the management of Zhongshu. Ye Li expressed his words. He died soon after, at the age of 51. After Ye Li died, Li Gan went to Beijing and ordered him to be professor Jiangyin road in recognition of his courage to speak up. Kublai Khan once asked Zhao Mengfu, a doctor of the Ministry of war, who is good between Ye Li and Liu mengyan. Zhao Mengfu said that "mengyan is good.". The emperor said with a smile: "otherwise, mengyan will be the champion

Chinese PinYin : Ye Li