Wu Qian

Wu Qian

Wu Qian (1195-1262) was named Yifu, named lvzhai. He was born in Ningguo, Xuanzhou (now Anhui). He was born in the new town of Deqing, Zhejiang Province. Officials and poets of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the fourth son of Wu rousheng and a younger brother of Wu Yuan.

In 1217, Wu qianju became the first scholar in Jiading ten years of song ningzong. He was granted chengshilang and moved to Jiangdong to appease the left behind. In the 11th year of LiZong Chunyou (1251), in order to know the political affairs, he paid homage to the prime minister and secret envoy of the right side and granted the Duke of Chongguo. In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), the soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty invaded Ezhou in the South and were appointed as the Prime Minister of Zuo. He was granted the Duke of Qing and later changed to the Duke of Xu. He was pushed out by Jia Sidao and others, and was dismissed again. He was relegated to Jianchang army and moved to Chaozhou and Xunzhou. In the third year of JINGDING (1262), Jia Sidao was poisoned and killed. He was 68 years old. In the first year of Deyou (1275), he was rehabilitated, and in the next year he was awarded to Shaoshi.

Wu Qian was a famous official in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty. He made great achievements when he was a local and imperial official. The style of his Ci is close to that of Xin Qiji, which mostly expresses his ambition to help the country and his grief and indignation that there is no way to serve the country. The style is gloomy and the feeling is deep. His works include Lu Zhai's remains and ci poetry.

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Life of the characters

Early experience

Wu Qian, a native of Ningguo, Xuanzhou (now Anhui), was born in Xinshi, Deqing (now Zhejiang) in the first year of Qingyuan (1195). He is very intelligent and talented since he was a child. His poetry and calligraphy are well-known in the countryside. Wu rousheng, his father, was a great Confucian at that time. However, in 1197, under the planning of Han kuozhou, a ban on the party in Qingyuan occurred. The imperial court recorded the names of the people who were so-called puppet scholars and rebellious against the party, among them Wu rousheng. In addition, Tang Shuo, the censor, impeached him for releasing land rent when he was an official in eastern Zhejiang, and advocated Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism, so he was dismissed. Since then, Wu rousheng had no intention of official career, and turned to teach his son at home. In addition to his own careful teaching, he also visited famous teachers for his son. At that time, Zou bin, a Linchuan native, lost his reputation. Wu rousheng asked his two sons, Wu Yuan and Wu Qian, to worship him as a teacher. Zou bin, Lu Xiangshan's apprentice, has a profound knowledge of wisdom. Wu Qian had both a family background and the guidance of famous teachers, which made him have the cultural quality that literati should have.

rapidly go up in the world

In 1216, Wu Qian took part in the provincial examination. In February of the 10th year of Jiading (1217), the results of the provincial examination were published, and Wu Qian was on the list. According to the regulations, the Ministry of rites played the name of the imperial court and participated in the palace examination. This year's palace examination was held in May at Jiying hall in Lin'an. According to the regulations, the examiner approved the papers, took the top ten papers, reviewed them by the minister, and finally submitted them to the imperial court. Wu Qian's papers were sent to song ningzong. After reading them, Ning Zong personally promoted Wu Qian's papers to the first place and became the number one scholar. He was immediately awarded the position of chengshilang and signed the Zhendong army's Jiedu judge.

His father Wu rousheng died on May 21, 1224. In winter and November, Wu Qian buried his father in Songshan Shigang, Chang'an township (now Laoshan, Xintian Town, Xuanzhou District), and his father was worried.

In November 1226, the second year of Baoqing reign of emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty, Wu Qianding's father's worry was over. He became the Secretary of provincial Zhengzi, and was responsible for the collection of books. All day long, he was busy sorting out and correcting books. Wu Qian did his job conscientiously and won the praise of his colleagues. He was also promoted to xiaoshulang in 1228.

In the second year of shaoding (1229), Wu Qian began his official administrative career. He was appointed as an agent of Jiaxing government. For nearly a month in Jiaxing, he cared for the common people and built a nursing home for the poor and refugees. Soon, Wu Qian was transferred to chaosanlang. In the same year, Wu Qian was promoted to zhipingjiang Prefecture.

Write a letter to tell the truth

In 1231, Wu Qian was called back to Beijing to serve as shangyoulang official. A fire broke out in Lin'an (today's Hangzhou), the capital, and a large number of people were displaced. In the face of this situation, he did not blindly lament, but quickly through the disaster to find the root cause of the disaster. Wu Qian Shangshu advised LiZong to be strict with himself, to be pro virtuous and far from treacherous, so as to restore the will of heaven and eliminate disasters. At the same time, he wrote to Shi Miyuan, the prime minister at that time, and put forward six suggestions, such as rectifying the emperor's mind, reducing the salary, relieving the disaster and saving the people, reusing the old and honest people, using good generals to resist foreign invasion, and getting rid of the malpractices of officials and government. The next year, Wu Qian served as the Minister of the Ministry, and later changed to be the Shaoqing of Taifu and the commander in chief of Huaixi.

At the beginning of the sixth year of shaoding (1233), Shi Miyuan died and was in charge of Li Zong. When the Mongols attacked the Jin Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, the court officials agreed that they should take the opportunity to recover Bianjing, the former capital. Wu qianshangshu advised those in power not to use it easily, pointing out that once the Jin people perished, the North would directly face Mongolia, so they should keep the appearance of peace, in fact, be on guard, and be ready to fight at any time. But the court refused to accept Wu Qian's opinion. After Wu Qian, he went to Shanghai and said, "the imperial court has four major tasks:" to defend Shu, to strengthen Jingxiang, to strengthen River defense, and to prepare the Navy. " Wu Qian was awarded zhibaozhangge and Zhedong promoted Changping because of his insight in discussing government affairs. He refused to take up his post. He soon became an official, wailang, and the editor of national history. After reviewing the records, he was soon promoted to the position of minister of Taifu, the governor of Yanjiang, the governor of Jiankang, and the governor of Jiangdong.

In April of the first year of Duanping (1234), LiZong wanted to invade the Central Plains and recover his hometown in Henan. The court officials argued endlessly about the plan of "recovering Sanjing and guarding the river according to Guan". Qiao Xingjian believes that he "does not worry about the ineffectiveness of his graduation, but only worries about the failure of his ability". Wu Qian wrote a detailed analysis of the pros and cons of recovering Henan, hoping that LiZong could do as he could. He thought: "once he attacked the gold, life would be ruined in the Central Plains. What the imperial court got was only the ruins of the deserted cities destroyed by the war, but the people in the central plains were miserable. Even if it's easy to capture the Central Plains, it's difficult to keep and manage them. The plain is easy to attack but difficult to defend. The supply of grain, grass and supplies for the army stationed in the city may be cut off at any time, leaving the people in a situation of isolation and helplessness. The people are also suffering, which is easy to arouse the popular revolt and lead to the prevalence of thieves. " We are against the easy use of troops. However, LiZong went his own way and sent troops to the old place of the Central Plains, which was known as "Duanping entering Luo" in history. As Wu Qian expected, the soldiers of Song Dynasty were defeated.

Before long, Wu Qian gave an imperial edict to Chen Jiushi: comply with the destiny, do not neglect the state affairs; establish the crown prince to consolidate the foundation of the country forever; firmly believe in the ethics of Neo Confucianism, do not pay the state affairs to relatives; rectify the academic atmosphere, vigorously support Neo Confucianism; recruit talents; sympathize with the people, reduce taxes, stop civil engineering; absorb the lessons of the previous frontier defense, revive the military; reform the monetary system, avoid inflation; eliminate theft Thief, safeguard social order. Wu Qian offended Zheng Qingzhi, the prime minister at that time, because of too much direct discussion, so he was impeached soon. He changed the secret pavilion to repair and write, and stopped worshiping Qianqiu Hongxi temple. In September, Wu Qian took the post of Deputy transport envoy of Jiangxi Province, also known as the head of Longxing Prefecture and Jiangxi pacification envoy. Later, he promoted Tai Chang Shaoqing to know about Zhenjiang Prefecture. Wu qianzou asked to reduce the capacity of Hu Dou, reduce taxes, and let the people rest. After October, Wu Qian successively held the posts of youwendian Xiuzhuan, jiyingdian Xiuzhuan, privy officer Chengzhi, inspector general's staff officer, taipingzhou magistrate, etc. It may be that Wu qianmeng was demoted because of his bluntness and remonstrance, which made him want to retire. He wrote five times to resign, but he was not allowed to do so.

In the second year of Duanping (1235), the prime minister Zheng Qingzhi proposed to use the method of "counting Mu to accept Hui Zi", that is, all those who have land should pay according to the proportion of one mu of land. Yuan Fu suggested that the imperial court should only ask the official households and temples for assembly. Wu Qian lianzou was against the Levy of large families. He said that this method was to "gouge out the heart and flesh to save the eyes and wound, and to dig out the root to help the branches and leaves". Even if the paper currency could appreciate, the large families, officials and temples would be dissatisfied with the imperial court because of the economic losses, deepening the class contradictions. At the same time, he also analyzed that it is useless to rely on "counting Mu to accept the meeting". "The imperial court keeps printing, the traitors keep forging, and the copper money keeps leaking. But in a few years, it will be the same. In the same year of Duan, wokuotai Khan sent three armies to attack the Song Dynasty, forming a encirclement of Xiangyang. Wu Qian had foreseen the severity of the form. As a staff officer of the governor's office, he wrote a long book to LiZong, "on the success or failure of the Peace War, Xiangyi first aid is indispensable." it mainly points out that Xiangyang is in danger. According to the past experience, the peace talks between the two sides are just around the corner, and the peace will bring endless harm. Therefore, he opposed the peace talks and suggested that the imperial court strongly support Wei liaoweng's office.

Ups and downs of official life

In the first month of the third year of Duanping (1236), Wu Qian went to Caishi to see Wei liaoweng, a privy council officer who was supervising the army of Jinghu. Feeling for Wu Qian's talent, Wei liaoweng asked for Wu Qian to stay in the shogunate temporarily to help himself. In February, Wei liaoweng's request was approved, and Wu Qian went to Jiujiang to stay in Wei liaoweng's military staff. In March, Wu Qian went to Beijing to meet LiZong to report on his work. He was appointed Minister of the Ministry of industry and magistrate of Jiangzhou. He refused to take up his post and returned to Taiping. Because of the early death of LiZong's son, there was no prince in the country. Wu Qian invited LiZong's son to be his son, so as to stabilize the people's mind.

In the first month of the first year of the reign of emperor Jiaxi (1237), Wu Qian acted as the Minister of the Ministry of war and was also the procurator. In the summer of this year, Wu qianzao asked Xiangyang to give first aid. He believed that "when Xiangyang is in danger, there will be a sign of peace, and when Xiangyang is in peace, there will be a sign of peace.". He also asked the imperial court to give strong support to the governor's office. The governor's office had no way to send the government to set up Xunyang. Xunyang was heavy in the past but light in the present. He suggested that "he should join forces in Huangzhou, open his office in Hubei, and enter Jiangling to show the situation and suppress the prestige." However, the imperial court did not adopt his reasonable suggestions, so that the Mongolian army broke through the line of defense between Beijing and lake, conquered Xiangyang, and the nine counties in Hubei fell one after another. The Mongolian army went straight to Jiangling (now Shashi in Hubei Province) and drank the Yangtze River. Wu Qian then organized a rebel army to cross the Yangtze River at night to attack the Mongolian army. The Mongolian army had to lead troops back to the north. On August 29th, the Minister of the Ministry of trial production knew Qingyuan Prefecture, where he was also a member of the Ministry of trial production

Chinese PinYin : Wu Qian