Eulji Mundeok

Eulji Mundeok

B. Wende (?)? —？） He was also known as "Wei Zhi Wen de", a famous general of Koguryo, who won the great victory in Sashui and defeated the Sui army.

The records of Yizhi Wende come from the biographies of Yu Zhongwen and Yu Wenshu in the book of Sui Dynasty. The later history book of the Korean Peninsula, historical records of the Three Kingdoms, is just a piece together of the relevant contents of Chinese history books.

record

Jin Fushi's historical records of the Three Kingdoms:

Eulji Mundeok

Its genealogy is unknown. He has the wisdom to count and to understand the genres. In the great cause of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang issued an imperial edict to levy Koguryo. So, General Yu Wenshu of the left Yiwei went out to Fuyu Road, and general Yu Zhongwen of the right Yiwei went out to Lelang road with the Ninth Army to Yashui. Wende was ordered by the king to cheat his surrender, but he wanted to see the reality. When it comes to Zhongwen, he first obeys the secret decree. If Wang and Wende come, he will hold it. Zhongwen and others will stay. Liu Shilong, the right Prime Minister of Shangshu, is a consolation envoy. He listens to Wende's return and deeply regrets it. He sends Wende to say, "if you want to have a discussion, you can come back. "Wende ignored it and returned home. When it comes to Zhongwen, he loses his virtue and is uneasy inside. Zhongwen said that if you want to return the grain, you can make a contribution by pursuing the virtue with the elite. Zhongwen said angrily, "the general can't break the thief with 100000 soldiers. How can he see the emperor?". He had no choice but to go after it. Wen de saw that the soldiers of Sui Dynasty were hungry and tired. Every time they fought, they often went north. In one day, they won seven battles. Because of his sudden victory, he forced the group to discuss, so he went to the East, Jisa water, and went to the city of Pyongyang for 30 Li, because of the mountains.

Wende left Zhongwen's poem saying: "the divine plan studies astronomy, skillfully calculates poor geography, overcomes the high achievement, is satisfied, wishes the cloud to stop.". 」

Zhongwen answered the letter. Wende also sent an envoy to feign surrender. He asked Yu Shu to say, "if you are a teacher, you should follow the king's rule. He saw that the soldiers were tired and could not fight again, and the city of Pyongyang was dangerous and hard to pull out, so he returned because of his deceit and went for the square array. Wende sent out his troops and attacked them on all sides. When he arrived at Sashui, his troops were half relieved. Wende marched forward and attacked the following troops and killed youtunwei general Xin Shixiong. So all the armies were defeated and could not be forbidden. The officers and men of the Ninth Army rushed back to Yashui one day and one night and traveled 450 Li. At the beginning of Liao Dynasty, there were 35000 soldiers in jiufan army, and only 2700 soldiers in Liaodong city.

It is said that in the battle of Yangdi in Liaodong, the success of his army was not seen in ancient times. Koguryo was a small and partial country, but it was not only self-protection that he could refuse. Wen de was the only one who could destroy his army. "Zhuan" says, "if there is no gentleman, he can be a country. Believe it.

Life

Eulji Mundeok

He was an outstanding Koguryo general in the early 7th century.

His military talent played a key role in the victory of Koguryo over one million troops of the Sui empire.

He was a politician and once served as Prime Minister of Koguryo. When he defeated the Sui Empire, he wrote to the Sui General Yu Zhongwen that "the divine strategy is to study astronomy, and the ingenious calculation is to study geography. If you are satisfied with your victory, you will be satisfied. " This is the earliest Chinese poem in Koguryo.

At that time, Koguryo had developed into a powerful regime, often at war with the Sui Dynasty, Baiji and Silla.

In 612, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty sent a million troops to attack Koguryo. Facing the unprecedented huge offensive before the Sui Dynasty, general Yizhi Wende of Koguryo adopted the delaying tactics of repeatedly asking for surrender to deal with the Sui army for several months. In Sashui (Qingchuan River), the place where the Sui army must pass, Wende of the second branch ordered people to build dams to store water. When the army of Sui Dynasty crossed the river, yizhi Wende ordered the sluice to be opened. A large number of Sui soldiers were drowned. Later, yizhi Wende led the already ambushed Koguryo army to launch a fierce attack on the Sui army, which had been out of grain for many days.

The victory of the battle of Sashui played a certain role in the second war between Koguryo and the Sui Dynasty, but the main reasons for the defeat of the Sui army were the poor logistics and the general's contempt for the enemy.

one's younger fellow clans-men of the father's generation

There is no record about the ethnic origin of Yizhi Wende. Although he is a minister of Koguryo, he is not necessarily a Koguryo. Some people think that Yizhi Wende is actually "weichi Wende", which came from the weichi family of Xianbei. At the end of the northern and Southern Dynasties, for some reason, he was naturalized from the Central Plains to Koguryo, and was entrusted with the important task because of his excellent ability. The main reasons are as follows: 1. The pronunciation of "Yuchi" and "Yizhi" is highly similar, even recorded as "Weizhi Wende" in the book "Sui Ji revolution"; 2. Except for Yizhi Wende, there has never been any record of "Yizhi" in the history of Koguryo; 3. Koguryo has a tradition of accepting and appointing Chinese fugitives, such as Anyue tomb No.3 and dexingli The owners of the Mural Tombs are all Chinese bureaucrats in exile in Koguryo. Therefore, it is possible that Yizhi Wende was a weichi character from the Central Plains.

anniversary

Yizhi Wende has long been one of the most famous historical figures in Koguryo. As the Korean nation has always advocated that Koguryo belongs to its history, yizhi Wende is respected by them. During the Korean Dynasty, it is said that Yizhi Wende was born in shiduoshan, zengshan County, Pyongyong Prefecture, Ping'an Road, so he was regarded as a pyongese. In 1645, the scholars in Pyongyang set up a temple to offer sacrifices to Yizhi Wende. In 1677, the emperor suzong of North Korea wrote a plaque in person, which was named "Zhongwu Temple".

Until today, yizhi Wende has always been regarded as a national hero to resist foreign aggression by the Korean nation, as well as Jiang HANZAN and Li shunchen. B Branch Road in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is named after B branch Wende. The second highest medal of honor of the Korean national army, the "Yizhi martial arts Medal", is also named in memory of Yizhi Wende. The 12th infantry division of the Korean army also takes "Yizhi unit" as its team name.

Chinese PinYin : Yi Zhi Wen De