Wu Guang
Wu Guang
Wu Guang (?)? ~208 BC), the word uncle, Chenjun Yangxia county (now Taikang County, Henan Province) people. The leader of peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty.
In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), he served as the head of the garrison to escort prisoners and guard Yuyang county. When he arrived at daze Township, he was hindered by the heavy rain and could not arrive on time, so he was condemned to death. Therefore, he led the soldiers to revolt, put forward the slogan of "cutting down the lawless and killing the violent Qin Dynasty", supported Chen she as a general and led his own captains, and called on the masses to revolt against the Qin Dynasty in the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu.
In the second year of Qin II (208 BC), he led the army to besiege Xingyang, but failed to attack again and again, which was harmed by Tian Zang.
Life of the characters
Delay in rain
Wu Guang, from Yangxia (now Taikang County, Henan Province), was born in poverty.
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), the imperial court ordered lvzuo to garrison Yuyang, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were the leaders of the garrison. Under the escort of two Qin officials, Wu Guang, Chen Sheng and 900 other poor peasants rushed to Yuyang day and night to Daze township (now Suxian County, Anhui Province). They were prevented by heavy rain and could not arrive on time. According to the cool law of Qin Dynasty, all soldiers who do not arrive at the designated place on time will be executed. At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That night, Chen Sheng quietly consulted Wu Guang. Although Wu Guang and Chen Sheng have known each other for a short time, they are friends who talk about everything. Chen Sheng said to Wu Guang, "it's thousands of miles away from Yuyang, so we can't get to Yuyang on time. In our present situation, we're going to die, and we're going to die when we escape. It's better to choose to die for our country and do something big than to die all the time." Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation: "the people in the world have been suffering from the rule of the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the people's heavy taxes and the punishment of conscription have reached an unbearable level. I heard that the second emperor Hu Hai was the youngest son of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. He should not have succeeded to the throne, but his eldest son Fu Su. Fu Su xianneng was killed by the second emperor for no reason. Another famous person, Xiang Yan, was a famous general of the state of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in war and loved his soldiers. He was very popular. Now the common people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why don't we call on people all over the world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? " Wu Guang admired Chen Sheng's bravery and thought that his idea was in line with the people's mind at that time. He fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to "die" and "take a big plan".
Launch an uprising
In ancient times, religious superstition was popular to predict good or bad luck. After some planning, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang specially asked a fortune teller for good or bad luck. Knowing their intention, the wise diviners said, "you can succeed in your career and make great contributions to the people. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were very happy after hearing this, and learned the Enlightenment from the diviner's words. So they wrote "W à ng" on a silk handkerchief with cinnabar and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by the fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. At the same time, Chen Sheng asked Wu Guang to lurk in a deserted temple near the camp. In the middle of the night, he lit a bonfire next to the temple, pretended to be a ghost fire, imitated the voice of a fox, and cried out, "great Chuxing, King Chen Sheng!" The soldiers in their sleep were awakened with fright. The next day, the soldiers whispered and looked at Chen Sheng. In addition, Chen Sheng always treated his subordinates with warmth and kindness, and connected his image with the rejuvenation of the state of Chu. Chen Sheng's prestige in the hearts of the soldiers was even higher.
Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Wu Guang deliberately threatened to run away while the two officers who were escorting the soldiers were drunk, so as to enrage the general who was escorting them to the border. The two drunken generals were really angry. They scolded and whipped Wu Guang, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers and rallying together to coax him. Wu Guangfen seized a general and killed him with a sword. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the opportunity to kill another general.
Later, Chen Sheng gathered 900 soldiers together and said loudly, "we are caught in heavy rain here, so we can't reach Yuyang on time. If we miss the deadline, we will all be killed. Even if we are lucky not to be beheaded, six or seven out of ten people guarding the frontier fortress will be killed. If you want to die, you have to be famous! Do princes and Marquises have natural noble species? “
Chen Sheng's sonorous and powerful words expressed everyone's wishes. The soldiers' resentment and anger towards the Qin Dynasty were like the flood rushing out of a dam, shouting in unison: "we are willing to obey your orders!" So under the leadership of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, they bared their right arms as a sign, built an altar and swore an oath. According to their prior plan, they cheated their son Fu Su and Chu general Xiang Yan to declare an uprising. Chen Sheng, a self-supporting general, and Wu Guang as his commander, captured daze Township and Qi county. The first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in Chinese history.
win victory the moment one raises one 's standard
Less than a month after the Daze uprising, the rebel army had 600 or 700 chariots, more than 1000 cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. After controlling a large area at the junction of Anhui and Henan, the Rebel Army decided to attack Chen County, a strategic area. Chen was the capital of Chu in the late Warring States period. After Qin destroyed the six states, Chen county was designated as the county government, which shows the importance of its position. If Chen county can be won, it will undoubtedly be a major blow to Qin. So Chen Sheng led the uprising army to Chen Cheng. The sheriff and magistrate of chendi were frightened by the news, so they fled early, leaving only the sheriff (the deputy of the Sheriff) to stay in the city and resist tenaciously. The garrison of Qin Dynasty, which had been frightened by the attack of the uprising army, soon disintegrated. The rebels killed Jun Cheng and drove into Chen county.
A few days after the uprising army entered the city, it was ordered to call the three elders (the local officials in charge of education in the Qin Dynasty) and the local heroes to discuss major issues. Three old heroes all said: "general (refers to Chen Sheng) put on a strong body to fight against the unruly, to punish the tyrant of Qin, to restore the state of Chu, merit should be king." Therefore, Chen Sheng became the king of his own country. Zhang Chu means the state of Chu.
This is because this area is exactly the old state of Chu. The common people resent Qin's tyranny and naturally Miss Chu's past. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang called for the uprising in the name of Fusu, who was killed by Hu Hai, and Xiang Yan, who was respected by Chu people. Therefore, the establishment of the regime also takes "Zhang Chu" as the slogan. Chen Sheng appointed Wu Guang as the false king, led the army to attack Xingyang in the west, ordered Wuchen, Zhang Er and Chen Yu to attack Zhaodi in the north, Deng zongnan to March Jiujiang, and Zhoushi to seize Weidi.
Xingyang defeated
Wu Guang led the rebel army to besiege Xingyang, and Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wen as general to attack Qin. On the way to Xianyang, Zhou Wen's troops continued to expand. When they arrived at Hanguguan, there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. The uprising army arrived at the Opera (now northeast of Lintong District, Shaanxi Province) a hundred miles away from Xianyang. Qin II ordered Shaofu Zhang Han to organize hundreds of thousands of prisoners and slaves who built Lishan tomb into an army to fight. The rebels were frustrated one after another, and Zhou Wen committed suicide.
With the development of the anti Qin struggle, the internal weaknesses and contradictions of the rebel army were gradually exposed. Chen Sheng grew a sense of pride, listened to slander, killed his old friends, and gradually alienated himself from the uprising masses. The generals sent to different places did not listen to Chen Sheng's restraint, and even killed each other for power and profit. For example, Tian Zang, the rebel general who besieged Xingyang, disagreed with Wu Guang and killed Wu Guang under the pretext of Chen Sheng's life. As a result, the whole army of the rebel army was destroyed.
Historical evaluation
In Sima Qian's historical records, Wu Guangsu loved his wife (2) the world is full of Xiongs, and there are no masters in the sea. The deer are competing for victory, and they are looking forward to Wuyuan. Chen Sheng first thing, Jue name Zhang Chu. Ghosts depend on themselves. Ge Ying went down to the East and Zhou Wenxi refused. At first, he was close to Zhu Fang, and then he was Hu Wu. When you see the killing, you will not be with me. Who is Zhuang Jia? He is the father of the city
Yang Xiong: "or ask Chen Sheng Wu Guang and say:" chaos. " He said, "if not, then Qin will not die." He said: "did you die in the Qin Dynasty? I'm afraid the Qin Dynasty will die before it dies. "
Guo Zhengyu: "since ancient times, the disaster of chaos did not originate from the four barbarians, but from the common people. It was Chen Sheng and Wu Guang who made the Qin Dynasty strong and prosperous, annexing the six states, and disturbing the world. "
Anecdotes and allusions
a rebellion is afoot
：
This is the story of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang who set up a mass uprising under the pretext of fox ghost. They put the fire in the cage at night, making it vaguely like phosphorous fire. At the same time, they also learn to bark like foxes. Later, it is used as a metaphor to plot an uprising.
rise up in arms
：
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the peasant army to fight against the violent Qin Dynasty by cutting down tree trunks as weapons and raising bamboo poles as flags. The book of the first emperor of Qin, Volume 6 of historical records, quoted Jia Yi's treatise on passing the Qin Dynasty as saying: "lead the fatigued and corrupt soldiers, turn hundreds of them to attack the Qin Dynasty, cut the wood into soldiers, and lift the pole into the flag.". After the formation of the idiom "uprising", refers to the armed uprising of civilians.
Cutting down the lawless and killing the violent Qin Dynasty
：
When Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted against the tyrannical Qin Dynasty, they called out a slogan, which means to crusade against the inhumane rulers and destroy the tyrannical Qin Dynasty.
The king, marquis and general have seed!
：
This is also the slogan that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chanted during the uprising. Does it mean that those who are princes and Marquises are naturally noble? Through this to call on the majority of poor farmers.
Dispute over the cause of death
Killing of subordinates
According to the records of Chen she's family in historical records, when Wu Guang led his troops to attack Xingyang, Zhou Wen, another rebel general, led 100000 volunteers to attack Xianyang. Because he was alone, the situation was extremely unfavorable. A few months later, he was defeated in Mianchi because he was outnumbered. At that time, the Qin Dynasty organized hundreds of thousands of troops to fight back against the rebels. When Tian Zang and others saw that Zhou Wen was defeated, the Qin army would arrive soon, and Xingyang was not conquered. They were ready to contain the enemy of Xingyang with some troops and attack the Qin army with most of their elite troops.
They discussed with each other and said, "today's fake King (Wu Guang) is arrogant and does not know the military power
Chinese PinYin : Wu Guang
Wu Guang
