Lu Zuqian

Lu Zuqian

Lu Zuqian (April 9, 1137 to September 9, 1181) was born in Wuzhou (now Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province), and his ancestral home is Shouzhou (now Fengtai County, Anhui Province). Donglai county is called "little Mr. Donglai". He was a neo Confucianist and litterateur in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the son of Lu Daqi, the sixth grandson of Lu Yijian, the Duke of Xu state, and the Minister of cangbu.

Lu Zuqian was born in the LV family of Donglai. He became an official and became a general official. In the first year of Longxing (1163), he was a Jinshi Ji, transferred to nanwaizongxue Professor, moved to zhimige bachelor, promoted Bozhou Mingdao palace, participated in the revision of the records of song Huizong, compiled and published the imperial Wenjian. Chunxi eight years (1181), died at the age of 45. In the reign of emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty, his posthumous title was "Cheng". In the second year of Jiaxi (1238), he changed his posthumous title to "Zhongliang" and pursued the title of Kaifeng uncle. In the second year of JINGDING (1261), he enjoyed the Confucius Temple.

Lu Zuqian was erudite and knowledgeable. He advocated being rational and practicing, learning for practical use, and opposed empty talk about the nature of the mind. Wu School (also known as Jinhua school), which he founded, was the most influential school at that time. It occupied an important position in the development history of Neo Confucianism. It was as famous as Zhu Xi and Zhang Yao, and was also known as "three sages in Southeast China". He is the author of Donglai collection, a detailed account of the system of the past dynasties, Donglai Boyi, etc., and co authored jinsilu with Zhu Xi.

(< I > inside overview photo source: Portrait of Lu Zuqian, collected in Taipei Palace Museum. ）

Life of the characters

A distinguished family

On March 17, the seventh year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty (April 9, 1137). Lu Zuqian was born in an official family in Wuzhou (now Zhejiang, Jinhua). Lu Zuqian was born in Shouzhou (Zhijin < / I > < I > Anhui < / I > < I > Fengtai < / I >) < / I >. During the reign of Jianyan, his great grandfather Lu Haowen took refuge with his family and moved to the south. He ordered Lin'an Fu (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) to move to Dongxiao palace and died in Guizhou (his remains were later buried in Wuzhou, Wuyi County and Mingzhao mountain in the east of the city) as a gift to Youcheng, the minister. His grandfather LV zhuozhong began to settle in Wuzhou.

According to the song and Yuan learning plan, "Mr. Yu is good at learning, and has a comprehensive knowledge of various schools." This has a crucial impact on Lu Zuqian. When Lu Zuqian was a child, he worked in Fujian with his father. He first studied with Lin Zhiqi, then with his father to Lin'an, and then with Wang Yingchen and Hu Xian. Hu Xian was quiet and gentle. These personal accomplishments also had a great influence on Lu Zuqian.

Excellent in science and test

In April of 1148, the 18th year of Shaoxing, Lu Zuqian '.

In the 27th year of Shaoxing (1157), Lu Zuqian changed his name to digonglang and supervised Nanyue temple in Tanzhou.

Shaoxing 31 years (1161), LV Qian for the right Di Gong Lang, granted Yanzhou Tonglu County captain, in charge of learning. But Lu Zuqian didn't value these official positions. He didn't even take office. He was determined to take the road of imperial examination.

In 1162, his wife Han died.

In 1163, the first year of emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty, Lu Zuqian finally realized his wish. In April of this year, he took the examination of Chinese erudite and Hongci, and then he became a Jinshi. Xiaozong issued a special edict to "reduce the two-year survey period < I > (internal and external civil and military officials' examination, which was re examined by the Ministry of officials and the Taoist observatories. After the term of office expired, they would go up and down according to the results of performance appraisal) < / I >, and they would be directly sent by the political affairs hall.". Therefore, Lu Zuqian specially taught Zuo Congzheng Lang and changed his position to be a professor of zongxue in nanwaidun Zongyuan. During his term of office, Lu Zuqian wrote many memorabilia for many ministers and friends, expounding his own political, economic, military and other propositions.

A new official career

In November 1166, Lu Zuqian's mother, Zeng's family, died and was buried in Wuzhou. As a result of mourning for his mother, he had to live in the Ming Dynasty to teach students, and scholars from all over the world rushed to his door. In August of the next year, Dr. Lu Zuqian made up for Professor Yan zhouxue.

In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169), Lu Zuqian remarried with the Han family and went to Yanzhou to serve as a wife.

In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), Lu Zuqian was promoted to the position of doctor of Taixue, and was concurrently the editor of the Academy of national history and the reviewer of the Academy of records. When he came to see Xiaozong, he urged him to pay attention to the sage's theory. "The scale and strategy of the restoration of the Central Plains should be determined at this time. If your majesty is willing to take in a wide range of heroes, his ministers are willing to examine them carefully, so that they can point out the reality of the business plan, which is in the first place, so that they do not dare to present false words and empty talk in front of your majesty, and then decide with several ministers to do the next thing. In this way, justice can be extended and the great cause can be recovered. "

In May of the following year (1171), Han's second wife died again, and his daughter also died.

In the spring of 1172, Lu Zuqian was the Secretary of the Ministry of rites. He checked the examination papers and took part in the examination of the Ministry of rites. During this period, I met Lu Jiuyuan. On February 4, before the ceremony examination was over, Lu Zuqian suddenly received a report from his father that his father was critically ill. When he arrived at home, Lu Daqi had already left. In order to mourn his father's death, Lu Zuqian left his post again and settled at Mingzhao mountain in Wuyi.

Lecture and sermon

In 1173, Lu Zuqian was still in mourning. The students of Wenxue gathered in the school again, and the scale was not small, reaching as many as 300 people before and after. Lu Zuqian has learned a lot from all the students. In the same year, Liu Qingzhi and Lu Jiuling also came to the door to discuss the meaning of articles and get along well with them. Lu Jiuyuan was quite different from Lu Zuqian's lecture in his funeral, thinking that it would damage his "pure filial piety". They are advised to send students away. At the same time, Wang Yingchen also wrote a letter, hoping that he would not waste his energy for lecturing when he was too sad, so as not to break his body. Lu Zuqian accepted their opinions, but felt that "the scholars of the four sides have gathered into a large scale and it is difficult to dismiss them suddenly", so he insisted on the lecture activities until the end of the year.

In the first year of Chunxi (1174), Lu Zuqian dismissed all the students of intermediate learning and lived alone beside Mingzhao mountain, guarding the tomb and concentrating on learning. In May of this year, my father died. He returned to office in June and was in charge of Taizhou (now Zhejiang) < / I > < I > Linhai) < / I > < I >). Lu Jiuyuan made a special trip from Hangzhou to Jinhua to visit Lu Zuqian, who praised his philosophical views. From August to mid September, Lu Zuqian invited pan Jingyu to leave Jinhua for Kuaiji. In addition to a smooth mood, I went to visit my living grandmother. Along the way, they visited famous mountains and ancient temples, Wang Xizhi's former residence and Lanting. After arriving at Kuaiji, he went boating with his uncle and several cousins in Jianhu. Lu Zuqian also paid a special visit to Su Renzhong, a famous Confucianist, and learned many rare ancient books from him, which made him overjoyed. After returning to Jinhua, Lu Zuqian was on a tour again, planning to go to Yandang Mountain. As he was about to leave, Zhu Xi wrote a letter saying that he was going to visit Yandang with him in Jinhua. In view of this, Lu Zuqian cancelled the plan of traveling alone and waited for Zhu Xi at home.

In the second year of Chunxi (1175), Zhu Xi broke his appointment and could not come to Jinhua. So Lu Zuqian set out from Jinhua and went to Fujian to visit Zhu Xi. After arriving in Chong'an, Zhu Xi stayed in the "Cold Spring House" for more than ten days. During this period, they studied the works of Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and other Neo Confucianists in the Northern Song Dynasty. They all felt that their works were extensive and profound, and it was not easy for beginners to grasp their essence in a short period of time. To this end, they jointly edited a number of entries in Zhou, Zhang, Ercheng's works and compiled them into a volume entitled "jinsilu", which serves as an introductory textbook for beginners.

path-breaking debate

Master data: < / I >

The meeting of the goose lake

At the end of may in the second year of Chunxi (1175), Zhu Xi and LV Zuqian arrived at Ehu temple in Xinzhou, Jiangxi Province. In order to reconcile the theoretical differences between Zhu Xi's "Neo Confucianism" and Lu Jiuyuan's "philosophy of mind", Lu Zuqian tried to make their philosophical views "belong to one", so he acted as the initiator and organizer and invited Lu Jiuling and Lu Jiuyuan to meet Zhu Xi. At the beginning of June, the Lu brothers came to e Hu temple.

As the moderator of the meeting, Lu Zuqian did not make clear his position at the meeting. As for the views of Zhu and Lu, "there is a sense of listening to each other with an open mind.". However, Lu Zuqian was inclined to Zhu Xi's method of "teaching people" and thought that Erlu's idea was too broad-minded. Lu Zuqian commented on Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan: "the Yuan Dynasty is brilliant and brilliant, but the effort is meticulous, which is beyond measure. Zijing is also solid and powerful, but not broad-minded. " Based on this understanding, after the meeting, Lu Zuqian made use of his influence on Erlu to actively assist Zhu Xi in the transformation of Erlu. Lu Zuqian thinks that "speaking through and analyzing" is the fundamental principle of learning and teaching, which can not be easily denied. He pointed out that Lu Jiuyuan's mistake was to abolish reason for others. Said: "most of Lu Zijing's disease is to see people but not reason." Under the patient guidance of Lu Zuqian, Lu Jiuling gave up the point of view insisted on at the e Lake meeting. As for Lu Jiuyuan, he was not moved by Lu Zuqian's persuasion. However, there was no discord.

Starting and revising books

In the third year of Chunxi's reign (1176), the mourning period expired. On the recommendation of Li Tao, the Minister of rites, LV Zuqian was promoted to Secretary of the province, and was also the editor of the Academy of national history and the reviewer of the Academy of records. After arriving at his post, Lu Zuqian was ordered to revise huizongshi Lu. He found that there were many mistakes in the old manuscript, which needed to be rectified. However, due to the tight deadline, he had to do his best. During the next year, Lu Zuqian was busy with revising the book, and rarely had time to do other things. "The deadline of historical events is pressing, so there is no lack of time."

The fourth year of Chunxi (1)

Chinese PinYin : Lv Zu Qian