Crisis

Crisis

Wei Su (February 27, 1303-1372), whose name is Taipu, was born in Jinxi, Jiangxi Province. He is a descendant of Wei Quanxi, the governor of Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty. He is a historian and writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. From Yuan Dynasty to Zhengyuan year, he took the post of Jingyan review, and was responsible for editing the history of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, and annotating Erya.

He was promoted from assistant professor of Guozi to editor of Hanlin, doctor Taichang, member of the Ministry of war, censor of supervision, Minister of the Ministry of work, chief minister of agriculture and Minister of rites. Zhizheng 20 years (AD 1360) pay homage to know political affairs. In 1370 A.D., Wei Su was banished to YuQue Temple (weijiaxiang) in Anqing City, where he lived a miserable life. A year later, in the first month of the fifth year of Hongwu, he died in his 70s. His works include chronicle of Wu Caolu, annals of Yuan Dynasty and collection of Wei Xueshi.

brief introduction

Wei Su began to study at the age of 4 and mastered the five classics at the age of 15. He studied under Wu Cheng and respected Li Cun as a teacher. Wu Cheng appreciated him very much and introduced him vigorously. He was able to make friends with literary celebrities. At that time, fan Zhen, Yu Ji, Jie Si and others were also impressed by his profound knowledge and treated him differently.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the year of Zhengyuan (1341), he was recommended by the minister as the official of Jingyan, responsible for compiling the history of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties and annotating Erya. After the book was finished, Emperor Shun awarded gold and silver and maids, but he did not accept it. Five years later, he became a teaching assistant of Guozi. In the seventh year, he was appointed as the editor of the Imperial Academy. He was responsible for compiling the biographies of the empress concubines and the chronicles of the imperial court. Because he had no ready-made materials, he used his salary to buy eunuchs and imperial relatives and relatives to inquire about the relevant situation of the Imperial Palace from these people. He asked them in detail and took notes in person, which made history possible. In the 11th year, he was promoted to doctor Taichang. Later, he served as a member of the Ministry of war, a censor, a minister of the Ministry of industry, and a grand Minister of agriculture. Seventeen years later, he was promoted to minister of rites. Eighteen years, shenzhongshu provincial, full-time Gansu pingzhangshi, the total Western army. He was praised by the crown prince for "clearing up loyalty and starting a clean house". Soon, he went to Yushitai to serve Yushi and Zhongshu zuocheng. Zhizheng 20 years (1360), official visits to know political affairs. He is "straightforward, honest, and bold". The palace of Shangdu (now the North Bank of lightning in the northeast of Zhenglan Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia) was on fire. Emperor Shun ordered the reconstruction of the two pavilions of Da'an and Ruisi. He personally went to Henan, Hebei and Jianghuai to distribute money and grain to the victims. In the 24th year, he was an academician. He was appointed zuocheng of northbound province. Later, he abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in Fangshan for four years.

In the July of 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang invaded Dadu. He felt that his country was broken and his family was destroyed. He wanted to commit suicide by jumping into a well. However, he was dissuaded by his poetry friends on the ground that "the history of the country is not public, but public death is the history of the dead country". When the soldiers of Zhu Army wanted to enter the historical database, they urgently told Wu Mian about the danger, so that the Yuan Shi Lu could be preserved.

In the second year of Hongwu (1369) of Ming Dynasty, Wei Su was appointed as the official of the Imperial Academy. He and Song Lian co wrote the history of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang summoned Wei Su many times to inquire about the rise and fall of the Yuan Dynasty, and ordered him to write the inscription on the mausoleum. Soon after, he was impeached and dismissed from office for one year. Later, the official returned to his original post, and he was also a Bachelor of hongwenguan, and he was given a car to avoid paying homage to the court. Taizu often gave banquets to the scholars, and there were poems for singing. Although Wei Su's poems were at the end, they were often praised by Taizu, saying that Wei Su was "mature and worried first". At this time, he was more than 70 years old. The emperor's admiration for Wei Su aroused the envy of some ministers. The censor Wang's works repeatedly said that Wei Su was a minister of subjugation and should not be reused. Wei Su was banished to YuQue Temple (weijiaxiang) in Anqing city and ordered to guard YuQue temple. On the 23rd day of the first month of the fifth year of Hongwu (February 271372), he died in weijiaxiang residence in front of YuQue temple in Anqing city. He was 70 years old and was buried in Jinxi Gaoqiao. Song Lian, a bachelor, wrote his epitaph.

Wei Su had been a minister in two dynasties. However, he was a vassal. The feudal rulers of the past dynasties did not publicize him in an important position because of his loyalty to the monarch. He is only introduced in the "literary garden" in the history of Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou Fu Zhi and the old Jinxi County Zhi. In fact, he has an indelible contribution in the field of history. The history books of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties were compiled by Wei Su, but they were signed as the chief editor of Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Tuotuo, who became a minor figure. He is knowledgeable and good at ancient words. His poetry creation had a high status and great influence in the late Yuan Dynasty. His poems are majestic in style and powerful in style. His poems are collected in two volumes of yunlinji. His prose is known as a great master of the Yuan Dynasty. There are four volumes of his collection Shuo Xue Zhai manuscript. Wang Mao, a man of the Qing Dynasty, said that his writing was "elegant and clear, which was regarded as plain and unreachable.". In addition, there are 19 volumes of Erya lueyi, the chronicle of Caolu and yuanhaiyun. There is a Zaju of "Wei Taipu houting Hua" in the zhengyinpu of Taihe, which Wang Guowei suspected was written by Wei su. He is also good at calligraphy, and people love to treasure every word he writes.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the crisis of fame appeared again in Chinese academic circles. As we all know, in order to study Chinese history, the "twenty four histories" is an indispensable and important document. Among the twenty four histories, the four histories of song, Liao, Jin and Yuan have dangerous manuscripts. His contribution to traditional culture is beyond description. According to historical records, he was born in Jiangxi Province. In his early years in the Yuan Dynasty, he won a great reputation because he participated in the compilation of the history of Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, he and Song Lian studied the history of the Yuan Dynasty, which established his high academic position. It is said that when he compiled the biography of concubines in the history of the Yuan Dynasty, because he did not trust the available materials, he bought a lot of food and gave it to some white headed eunuchs. He managed to learn the actual situation, and then he wrote a book, which was not perfunctory at all.

achievement

historiography

He is only introduced in the "literary garden" in the history of Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou Fu Zhi and the old Jinxi County Zhi. In fact, he has an indelible contribution in the field of history. The history books of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties were compiled by Wei Su, but they were signed as the chief editor of Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Tuotuo, who became a minor figure. He is knowledgeable and good at ancient words.

Poetry

His poetry creation had a high status and great influence in the late Yuan Dynasty. His poems are majestic in style and powerful in style. His poems are collected in two volumes of yunlinji.

Prose

His prose is known as a great master of the Yuan Dynasty. There are four volumes of his collection Shuo Xue Zhai manuscript. Wang Mao, a man of the Qing Dynasty, said that his writing was "elegant and clear, which was regarded as plain and unreachable.". In addition, there are 19 volumes of Erya lueyi, the chronicle of Caolu and yuanhaiyun. There is a Zaju of "Wei Taipu houting Hua" in the zhengyinpu of Taihe, which Wang Guowei suspected was written by Wei su.

Calligraphy

He is also good at calligraphy. People love to collect every word he writes. He is a representative calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. His representative works include Zhu Yuanzhang's stele of imperial mausoleum, the book and Fu of Ba Lu Cambodian, the stele of Wang's first tomb in Yimen, the stele of Wang's ancestral hall in Pucheng, the regular script volume of Chen's fangcunlou, etc. Among them, "Yimen stele of Wang's first tomb" was originally located in Shangwang Township, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province. It was established in the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1355). It records the history of Wang's family changes and filial piety in Dongwei village, which was named "Xiaoyi in the village" during the Five Dynasties, and was praised by the imperial court. It was written by Ouyang Xuan, the "great master of the generation", and Zhao Qiyi, zhuan'e and Wei Su Shu Shi. The stele has been lost, but the article has been included in Sikuquanshu. The inscription of Wang's ancestral hall in Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province, was originally located in Shangwang Township, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty. It records the history of Wang's family's patriotism, education, charity, courtesy and talents in Dongwei village. It is also written by Ouyang Xuan, Zhao Qiyi's seal script and dangerous official script. The monument is now stored in Pucheng Museum and is also included in Siku Quanshu.

work

1. Xu renge's dangerous Jizi sword has the color of autumn water, which Xu Jun can't cherish. On Xu Jun's tomb, the grass is cold, and Ji Zi's sword is hanging among the trees. It's a pity that Wu Jizi of Yanling lived a life of friendship. Title song good ancient ink bamboo, I remember the East Cao powder Department Lang, Lang Gan wrote on the long brush cloud. I only doubt walking in the clouds, listening to the sound of autumn and staying cool at night. Zhao Ziang's bamboo and stone clumps reflect the cold clouds, and the ancient stones are still green moss marks. It used to be Bilan hall. Last month, it was the only place to visit Tiaoshui. Bamboo slope poetry, five clouds square, twilight slanting, the road sparse locust light blue waves. But I remember the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.

2. Ming he Qiaoyuan's mingshancang said: "Jiejin's learning of calligraphy is due to the danger."

3. White photo at night (Han Gan's paper ink painting, 30.8 cm in length and 33.5 cm in width, collected by the Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Yezhaobai is a famous horse painted by Han Gan during the reign of Tang Tianbao. The night light tied to the horse post, Bai Yang's head hisses, and he is eager to run. He looks high and full of life. The horse's body is plump and vigorous, full of Tang rhyme. According to experts' research, the head, neck and neck of the horse are original works, while the back half of the horse is mended by later generations. At the back of the picture are the five characters "Han Gan Ye Zhao Bai" by Li Yu, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the two characters "Yan Yuan" by Zhang Yanyuan, a famous art historian of the Tang Dynasty. In front of the volume, there are the titles of he Ziyin and Wu Shuo. After the volume, there are inscriptions and postscripts written by 11 people, including Wei Su of Yuan Dynasty and Shen Deqian.

4. Zhuang Su, a bibliophile of Yuan Dynasty. It's called Uncle Gong, and it's called liaotang. Songjiang (now Shanghai) Qinglong Town. He served as a secretary in Song Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty died, he abandoned his official position, wandered on the sea and lived in seclusion. Concentrate on the collection of books to 80000 volumes. And hand copied classics, history, Zi, Ji, from the official novel, all the collection. Zhizhengjian (after 1341), in order to repair the three histories of song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, ordered Wei Su to buy books from his family, and got 500 volumes,

5. The basic feature of calligraphy in Ming Dynasty is to catch up with Jin Dynasty from song and Yuan Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Wei Su