Yan Ben

Yan Ben

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Yan Ben, a famous legal expert in Ming Dynasty, was born in Jiangyin County, Changzhou Prefecture.

Profile

Yan Ben lost his mother when he was young. At the age of eight, he left his father and went to his aunt's home to study as a teacher. Yan Ben, a young man, was gifted, keen on reading, erudite and strong in memory. His neighbors paid close attention to him and praised him as "Shaotong Qun Ji". Later, as Yan's father grew older, Yan returned to Jiangyin to farm and support his father. Apart from his work, Yan Ben did not forget to study, especially "studying law". He made friends with some highly respected rural sages, often discussed knowledge together, and ordered his room to be a "gentleman's house". Because Yan Ben was brilliant and willing to bear hardships, his knowledge soon made great progress. At that time, Fu Lin's "Xing Tong Fu" was widely spread. Yan Ben thought that the book was "rich in diction" and "not the same in Annotation", which increased the difficulty of study. Therefore, he used what he had learned and worked hard to write, and compiled Xing Tong Ji Yi, which was composed of four volumes. At one time, Luoyang Zhigui was widely recited.

historical background

In the early Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, advocated the rule of law and emphasized the role of law, the court recruited people who knew the law. With profound legal attainments, Yan Ben obtained the qualification of recommendation in the 11th year of Yongle. The court "tried to doubt the law", and the strict version could be widely cited, verified and analyzed in detail. After successfully passing the examination, Yan Ben was awarded "the head of the Ministry of punishment" by the imperial court and began to enforce the law. At that time, Zhang Ben, the Minister of justice of the Ministry of punishment, appreciated Yan Ben's talent very much. In case of difficult cases, he often referred them to Yan Ben for trial. Due to his outstanding performance, Yan Ben was strongly recommended by Jin Chun, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and Yu Qian, Minister of Dali temple, when mingrenzong ascended to the throne, and was promoted to be the head of Dali temple. Since then, Yan Ben has been more attentive and abided by the principle of "no backlog of cases" in handling cases. He has "four more checks" and "strive for peace" in all cases, until he returns to his hometown when he is old.

Main story

He is strict, upright, impartial and fearless of the powerful. After Zhu Di moved his capital to Beijing, Yan Ben stayed in Nandu and was responsible for reviewing the impeachment cases and suspected prison cases in various regions. At that time, the local people's land was occupied by the soldiers in Ju county. The people sued the government and the soldiers were flogged. With resentment, the soldiers waited for revenge. They sneaked into the people's houses at night and stole their donkeys. When they were found by the people, they reported to the government. Unexpectedly, they falsely accused the people and sent them to thousands of households. Thousands of households imprisoned the people to death. After the incident, the case handling officials were selfish and only sentenced 1000 households to "imprisonment". The case was reported to Dali temple for review. Yan Ben thought that the treatment of 1000 households was too light and illegal. He pointed out that "if a thousand households were born, the dead would be unjust", so he tried to get rid of the public opinion and "correct the reason and make it guilty". As soon as the verdict was passed, the upright officials and loyal people were all impressed by their selfless and fearless spirit of "being honest and upright, and being upright and upright".

Being strict in nature and cautious in punishment, he loves the people and is deeply loved by the people. He insisted on the use of leniency and opposed to committing crimes arbitrarily. At that time, the idea of severe punishment prevailed. When Yu Qian, the boss of Yan Ben, tried the case, he often judged the crime as "knowing the truth, then conniving" and "disrespectful". Yan originally thought that it was not right. He argued and pointed out: "the law is self rebellious, and there is no such thing as" Gu Zong ". That is to say, "disrespect". If you have feelings that are heavy or light, how can you be regarded as heavy or light? " As a result, the wrongly judged cases were "found to be refuted" and many people were spared the injustice. Once, a villager's horse was stolen. He suspected that it was the neighbor who had stolen it, so he sued the county magistrate. In order to solve the case, the county magistrate tortured his neighbor to death, and later verified that the horse was not stolen by his neighbor. The county magistrate was convicted by imprisonment and sentenced to hang. When the case was sent to Yan Ben for review, he thought that "Cheng should be guilty", but "the accuser should sue because of doubt" is human nature, which is not malicious, and the crime should not be death, so he changed the sentence to exempt the villagers from hanging, which shows his love for the people. The thought of "strict principle" coincides with the modesty of contemporary criminal law and the criminal policy of Combining Leniency with severity. There are still merits.

All his life, Yan Ben was honest and clean. Although Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, ruled officials with an iron hand, and even used the extremely cruel means of peeling and eating grass to frighten officials, he had little effect. In this environment, strict self-discipline, self-discipline, self-interest, can be described as "out of the mud but not stained" model. Once, the imperial court sent Yan ben to southern Anhui to supervise the case. The local sheriff heard that Yan Ben loved drinking when he was young, and planned to give him "wine and food" first. When the time was ripe, he would give more valuable gifts. The sheriff thought it was safe, but he didn't expect that the food and wine were also rejected by Yan Ben. The sheriff sighed: "when I defend this county, I see that there are many noble people. I'm innocent and self reliant. Only Yan Gong is one.".

After returning home, yanben still lives in the old house in the north of Jiangyin City. One day, Zhou Chen, a good friend of Yan Ben's time as an official and governor of Jiangnan, passed Jiangyin and visited Yan's family at night. Friends meet, chat very happy, unknowingly already late into the night. Before leaving, Zhou Chen is hungry. Yan Ben orders his family to take two cooked eggs and give them to Zhou Chen to satisfy his hunger. Zhou Chen knows that Yan Ben has always been incorruptible, so he "laughs and takes pleasure in eating and leaves.". Yan Ben's ability to abide by the style of honesty was inseparable from his strict demands on himself. For example, Yan Ben used to like drinking wine, and often drank wine regardless of everything. After listening to his friends' advice, he decided to correct it. Yan Ben never began to drink, and gradually did not listen to the music of licentiousness, did not see the beautiful pictures, but resolutely avoided geisha. He attended banquets only slightly, and never ate and drank much. What he believed was "how can you be right if you are not right?"

Historical records

Yan Ben, Zi Zhi Dao, Jiangyin people. Shao Tongqun, who studied the law, wrote four volumes of Ji Yi. In the 11th year of Yongle period, the author introduced the principle of recommendation, tried to doubt the law, and applied it to analyze it clearly. He is in charge of the Ministry of punishment. The minister Zhang Ben was in charge of the Department, and the officials were less interested in it. He only paid attention to it, and doubted it. When he was ordered to make an envoy to Huizhou, he was in the later stage of supervision. He punished the workers and could not bear to force the people. Or think words, this said: "I do it." Gai had written to his son, and he paid for his work.

Renzongli, who was recommended by Jin Chun and Yu Qianjian as ministers of the Ministry of punishment, changed Dali temple into a normal one. Most of the convicts are guilty of "knowing and indulging" and "disrespect". According to this argument, "the law is self rebellious, except for a few articles, and there is no article of" Gu Zong ". That is to say, "disrespect". If you have feelings that are heavy or light, how can you be regarded as heavy or light? " It's a refutation of the modest admonition. When the villagers lost their horses and suspected their neighbors, they sued Yu Cheng and tortured to death. Cheng sat down and decided that punishment was not as good as the law. He was an apprentice, while the accuser sat down and twisted. Ben said: "Cheng should be guilty. The accuser sued for suspicions, but the law falsely accused him to death. Is it possible for Cheng and the accuser to kill one person each? " Refute it. In Juxian County, the soldiers seized the land of the people, the people sued the officials, and the soldiers were flogged. The night robber's donkey is found by the people. He was arrested and sent to thousands of households, and the people were forbidden to die. The chief justice sits in a thousand households. This said: "if a thousand families are born, the dead will be wronged." Therefore, the crime of exploration was corrected. More than ten guards in Suzhou robbed the boat in Hexi at night, and one died. Fearing things, he falsely accused the prisoner of being a thief, and his partner went to save him. They are all falsely accused. This doubt said: "the solution of people and prisoners in the same boat. To steal, a prisoner must know. " According to the test, the result is real, so the crime of death is justified.

The body is strict, and it's not polite. Its envoy Hui also, the magistrate feed food and wine are not affected. He died in 1978.

Chinese PinYin : Yan Ben