Huang Guan

Huang Guan

Huang Guan (1364 ~ 1402), whose name is LANBO, is also Shangbin. In his early years, he took the surname Xu and restored the surname Huang in the 29th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. Chizhou Prefecture Guichi County Qingjiang Jindun people.

In his early years, Huang Guan studied hard under Huang Ying, a beginner in the late Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. In 1391, Huang Guanzhong met the Yuan Dynasty, and he was still awarded the first place in the imperial examination. Since then, he has successively served as the editor of the Imperial Academy and the right servant of the Ministry of household. After the battle of Jingnan, Huang Guan and his wife and daughter died in the river. In February of the 25th year of Wanli (1597), Jiazi visited Zhili to build a temple for Huang Guan, to present a record and to show his tomb, which was approved by Shenzong. During the reign of Hongguang, Huang Guan was named Wenzhen.

Life of the characters

Huang Guan (1364 ~ 1402), whose name is LANBO and Shangbin, was born in Jindun, Qingjiang, Guichi County, Chizhou Prefecture. His father, who was a member of the Xu family in Yicheng, gave birth to him and named him Xu Guan. He learned from Huang Yu, a scholar at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. He was diligent and rigorous in his studies since he was a child. He paid attention to the theory of time and didn't pay attention to prose. After Huang's death, Huang Guan worked harder and harder. He promised himself loyalty.

In the 23rd year of Hongwu (1390), Huang Guan entered Taixue as a Gongsheng. In this year, Huang Guan won the provincial examination. After Huang Guan entered the Imperial College for further study, people who lived with him all admired his efforts. Huang Guan once drew a picture of his parents' tomb and carried it with him. Every time he looked at it, he shed tears.

In March of 1391, the 24th year of Hongwu, Huang Guan took the Huiyuan examination. In April of that year, Huang Guanfu took part in the imperial examination personally conducted by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. In his strategy theory, he strongly advocated that "troops should be stationed in fortresses, cultivated and guarded, come and refuse, go and prevent, so that China will not be disturbed and the border will be secure.". Thus, he won the praise of Zhu Yuanzhang and won the first place in the imperial examination. This year, Huang Guan was 28 years old.

In the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), Huang Guan was promoted to the right Minister of rites (zhengsanpin). With the approval of the imperial court, the surname was restored.

In the first year of Jianwen (1399), Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunwen changed the old system, and Huang Guan served as the right servant and participated in important state memorials. At that time, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, was arrogant and did not worship emperor Hui. All the officials were afraid of their power and kept silent, but Huang Guan contradicted Zhu Di face to face and said, "the tiger worships the sky, the palace is full of courtesies of kings and ministers; the Dragon faces the ground, and the palace is full of feelings of uncles and nephews.". Later, in the name of fighting against Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, Zhu Di called himself "Jingnan" and set up troops in Peking (now Beijing) to attack Nanjing. During this period, Huang Guan urged all localities to come to help in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. When the ship arrived at luochaji, the lower reaches of Anqing, the king of Yan had already crossed the river into the capital, and ordered to expose the crimes of the civil treacherous officials of the left class. Huang Guan ranked sixth. Soon after, Zhu Di searched for the national treasure. He didn't know where it was. Someone said that he had handed it over to Huang Guan to recruit soldiers. Zhu Di ordered the government to hunt down Huang Guan, arrest his wife Weng and two daughters and give them to xiangnu. Xiangnu asked for the hairpin bracelet to buy wine and vegetables. Weng asked him to take it all. Then he quickly led his two daughters and ten family members to jump off the Huaiqing bridge and die. Learning that emperor Hui was dead, Huang Guan learned that Jinchuan gate had been lost, and sighed, "my wife will surely die if she keeps her integrity." So he was buried on the river. Then he ordered the ship to be driven to luochaji. Huang Guan, wearing a court uniform, bid farewell to the East and threw himself into the river where the river was running fast.

In the first year of Yongle (1403), Chen Ying, the Deputy censor of the duchayuan, asked to kill Huang Guan and other 29 people. Zhu Di said: "I used to kill the treacherous officials, but they were only Huang Zicheng and Qi Tai. Now the 29 people you mentioned (including Huang Guan) are different from them. Since they have to be loyal to him to eat his salary, we should not do it again Yes, I did So he did not pursue Huang Guan.

During the reign of Hongguang, Huang Guanbu's posthumous title was Wenzhen. Huanggong temple was built in Guichi, the former residence of Huangguan, and Zhuangyuanfang was rebuilt in the county; Huanggong temple was built in the end of Qing Dynasty on the Bank of Qinhuai River in Nanjing; Huangguan tomb found in Cuiping mountain is Huangguan Yiguan tomb.

Anecdotes and allusions

Huang Guan won the first place in the county examination, the government examination, the hospital examination, the rural examination, the general examination and the palace examination; in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the first place in the hospital examination, the government examination and the county examination was generally called "the head of the desk", while the first place in the rural examination, the general examination and the palace examination was called Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one respectively. Huang Guan is not only the champion of the middle school, but also the champion of the six poems. In addition to Huang Guan, another "number one scholar in the six poems" is Qian Zhen of the Qing Dynasty. However, according to the records in Volume 71 of Wu county annals, Qian Zhen has participated in the children's examination for many times, but all failed.

In 1766, he was the first student in the examination. Then he took part in the local examination, but he failed again and again: he entered the examination room six times and failed six times.

It was not until 1779 that he won the first place in the rural examination of the middle school at the age of 47, while Huang Guan finished the examination in one breath and became the number one scholar at the age of 27.

Character controversy

It is said that Huang Guan was the first person in the "three yuan" of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Qi of the Ming Dynasty once mentioned in his "general textual research on the continued documents of the imperial edict" that "he was born in Chun'an, the first person in the Zhejiang list of Xuanzong Yi, and he was the first in all three tests. After the three yuan Huang Guan of the Ming Dynasty, there was only one person in Huang Guan", which means that Huang Guan was even earlier than the three yuan in Shangfu, but many historical materials and notes did not mention this. So is Huang Guan There are some controversies about the "three elements" in Chinese, not to mention the "six poems"

According to Zhang Tingyu's Huang guanzhuan in Ming history, "in 24 years, Huang Guan was the first in both the joint examination and the imperial examination", which did not mention that Huang Guan was Jieyuan (the first in the local examination). In Ming history election annals and Ming history biography of Shang Xun, it was also mentioned that "all three examinations were the first, and the scholars were known as Sanyuan. In Ming Dynasty, there was only one person in him", "Shang Xun, whose name was hongzai, was born in Chun'an. Take the local examination as the first. In the 10th year of Zhengtong, the imperial examinations were the first. In the end of the Ming Dynasty, the first of the three attempts is just one person. " According to the biography format of the characters in the history of Ming Dynasty, if this person is the first in the local examination, it must be mentioned that "he is the first in the local examination". However, Huang Guanchuan has no such record.

Peng Sunyi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once added content to the chronicles of the Ming Dynasty and made a supplement to the chronicles of the Ming Dynasty. One of the volumes is called "the opening of the imperial examination", which also records all the first-class Jinshi of Huiyuan and palace examinations in the Ming Dynasty from Hongwu to Chongzhen for more than 200 years. It is recorded that "in the 24th year of Hongwu (1388), there were 660 examinees, and 31 examinees, including Zhongxu Guan (Huang Guan). Xu Guan was still given the first place in the Tingshi, followed by Zhang Xianzong and Wu Yanxin. " It is not mentioned here that Huang Guan is the first in the rural examination.

Some literati's notes also recorded that Shanghu was the only person who was Lianzhong Sanyuan in Ming Dynasty. Wang Shizhen, a famous writer in the Ming Dynasty, recorded in his Anthology of yanshantang that "there was only one person in Jieyuan in Zhejiang Province in this dynasty". He did not mention that Huang Guan had won the three yuan in this dynasty. Li Xian, a bachelor in the Tianshun period, wrote "there was only one person in the first three trials in the end of Ming Dynasty". Xu Xian mentioned in his miscellany of Xu Xiangyang's west garden that "the west end of Changsha enters the Xiangjiang River . Among the three elements of the state and the dynasty, Wu gongbozong of Jinxi and Wen Yigong of Chun'an. " That is to say, in the Ming Dynasty, only Wu bozong and Shanghu were the three Yuan people, and Huang Guan was not mentioned in them.

For Huang Guan, some literati's notes also record his "two yuan" rather than "three yuan". Li le of Ming dynasty recorded in his anecdotes that "Shizhong Huang Guan, Zi Bolan, Guichi people, Hongwu middle school examination and Tingshi were all the first." It has never been mentioned that the local examination is the first; in Jiao Hong's "the record of the imperial examinations of the state", it is said that "Guan Yi is a hard worker, he is loyal to himself, and Hongwu's Jiazi is a tribute to the Imperial College There is no record of Sanyuan in Huang Guan.

The Ming Taizu record also has no record of Xu Guan (Huang Guan) being the first in the local examination

Historical records

Biographies of Ming history

Huang Guan, the word Bolan, the word Shangbin, Guichi people. Father Fu Xu, from Xu surname. He studied in the Yuan Dynasty. He is willing to live up to his death. Hong Wuzhong was a tribute to the Imperial Academy. Drawing the tomb of my parents, I was in tears. In the past 24 years, he has been the first in both the public examinations and the court examinations. He is the right servant of the ritual Department of the tired official, and his surname is Zou Fuxing. At the beginning of Jianwen period, the official system was changed, and the left and right Shizhong were the second ministers. He changed his attitude to the right servant and used it with Fang Xiaoru and others. The king of Yan raised his troops, observed the system of grass, ridiculed his scattered troops and returned to the vassal state, apologized and denounced them. In the fourth year, the imperial edict was issued to recruit soldiers to the upper reaches of the river, and to supervise all prefectures and soldiers to help. By Anqing, the king of Yan had already crossed the river into the capital, and ordered the civil treacherous officials of the left group to be raped. His name was the sixth. Even if we ask for the national treasure, we don't know where it is, or we say, "we've paid, we'll see that we've finished our troops!" He ordered Yousi to chase him and take his wife Weng and two daughters to xiangnu. Nusuo Chai is a local delicacy. Weng's family, with her two daughters and ten family members, died under the Huaiqing bridge. Seeing and hearing that the Jinchuan gate was not guarded, he sighed, "my wife has integrity and will die." Summon souls and bury them on the river. He ordered the boat to go to luochaji, worshipped the emperor in the East, and threw the boat to death.

To see his younger brother Gou, he hid his young son first and fled to other places. Or yungou's wife, Bi's, lived as a widow in his mother's family and gave birth to a son, so Huang's family was later in Guichi.

At the beginning, when he watched his wife throw into the water, he turned into a small shadow on the blood stone. When it rained, he saw it. It was said that he was a portrait of a great scholar. Seng Peng went to the nunnery. Seeing his dream, Weng said, "I'm Huang Zhuangyuan's wife." Bi Ming, Wo Yi Shui, the more bright the shadow, the more miserable. Later, it was moved to the temple where the stone of Lady Weng's blood shadow was found. It still exists today.

Other historical materials

According to Li Zhai Xian Lu, Xu Guan was born in Guichi, Chizhou. His surname is Huang. Hongwu 24 years palace examination first. At the beginning of Jianwen period, Li Ciyuan and the right servant of the Ministry of rites belonged to this group. The official system was changed, and the position was promoted to Shizhong. Taste the grass and criticize the book of King Yan. The soldiers from the north are approaching, and the militia are watching and recruiting in the pool. When the Confucian temple ascended the throne, it called the temple to the capital. When crossing the river, the messenger said, "when you come to Beijing today, you must dress up and give a salute. If you don't study first, you can't lose nothing." It's a tribute to the south. When it's finished, it's the beginning

Chinese PinYin : Huang Guan