Huang Yuji

Huang Yuji

Huang Yuji (1629-1691), named Yu Tai and Chu Yuan, was born in Anhai of Jinjiang in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Born in 1629, the second year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Huang Zhongzhong's son. Chongzhenzhong moved to Nanjing with his father.

Characters and deeds

Qianqingtang Library

Qianqingtang is the collection of books of Huang Yuji, the 13th grandson of the Huang family in Jindun, Anping, Jinjiang, Fujian Province. The former site is Jindun house of qianqingtang, Ma Lu street, baixiaguo District, Nanjing. Its predecessor is qianqingzhai built by his father Huang Zhongzhong.

Influenced by his father Huang Zhongzhong, Huang Yuji studied hard and became a bookish addict. At the age of seven, he can write poems and is known as a child prodigy. At the age of 16, he entered Jiangning County school, read a lot of books, and was regarded as a confidant by Ding Xiongfei, a local book collector.

At that time, the Qing Dynasty troops went south in a large scale, and the Jiangnan war was still frequent. Most of the editions collected by many famous scholars were lost to varying degrees. The Ming Dynasty vassal collection, which is known as the collection of books and Tianfu, was even less preserved. Huang Yuji inherited his father's rich collection of books, spared no effort to preserve the books of his ancestors, and miraculously preserved them. Qian Qianyi, a great Confucian, sighed in the book collection of Huang's qianqingtang: "isn't it a place where people live in good fortune and are protected by divine things

He was cautious and good at increasing, and extensively searched and purchased books from other people's scattered markets to enrich his collection. In a few years, Huang Yuji increased his father Huang Zhongzhong's collection of more than 60000 volumes to more than 80000 volumes, and changed his name to qianqingtang, becoming one of the few great book collectors in Jiangnan.

At that time, Qian Qianyi, a famous Confucian and book collector, borrowed books from him when he compiled the collection of poems of the dynasties, so that he could "read all the poems of the dynasties that he had never seen before.". Qian's book collection is known as the home of southeast literature, but he still needs to borrow Huang's books, which shows that qianqingtang's book collection is rich and precious. The book collection is printed with "book collection seal of Huang's father and son in Jinjiang" and "book collection seal of Huang Yu Tai's in Wenling".

Huang Zongxi, a famous scholar, once presented poems to Huang family

"Outside the Jiao family in moling, there are many books in a thousand hectares. The stone house is a thousand secrets, and the patriarch may live again.

It's not easy to say that you've never been a stranger. Kuang said that if we get rich today, we should know that there are ghosts. "

Huang Yuji had a rich collection of books. He was never shy and mean. He shared common interests with the public and studied with each other. He "often makes an appointment with the famous scholars in Jiangzuo for the meetings of classics and history, so as to make a tour of them, and those who borrow them have no illusory days.".

On the 13th and 25th of each month, he went to Ding Xiongfei's place to cross examine each other, borrow books, copy books and collate books. If there were any problems, he would leave in advance. If there are no other customers on the date, the rate of borrowing books is half a month, and no one can transfer the books. It is said that "to explore the secrets of the ages through one day's shade" is a beautiful talk among scholars.

Collection of Tang and song secret books

In order to make the precious books that survived the robberies widely spread, Huang Yuji and Zhou Zaijun, the Xiangfu book collector, jointly launched a collection of Tang and song secret books. They carefully selected 96 kinds of Tang and song secret books from their own collections, revised them in detail, compiled a volume of "collection of Tang and song secret books", published and published them, and widely solicited people of insight with financial resources to publish them, hoping to drive domestic collectors to publish their rare books.

Many scholars have responded positively to this move. Zhu YIZUN, Wei Xi and other five people jointly published the collection of Tang and song secret books. Zhang Fang also wrote a special article on this issue, hoping that people from all over the world will participate in the grand event.

Soon after, Nalanxingde published tongzhitang classics, which was first included in the classics provided by Huang Yuji and Zhou Zaijun. After that, most of the precious books in the collection of Tang and song secret books were published in the official collection of Wu Ying Dian collection of rare books and the private publication of Zhi Bu Zhai collection of books.

Huang Yuji made use of the rare books collected by his family and often discussed with the famous scholars at that time. His vision was wide and his knowledge was wide. Gong Jiayu is a famous book collector and engraver in Jinling. Huang Yuji teaches his children and collates books for them in Zhongli library. Most of the books published by Gong were corrected by Huang Yuji.

Character contribution

Qianqingtang bibliography

In his book collection, Huang Yuji found that the history of Song Dynasty Yiwenzhi was recorded in the Southern Song Xianchun period, and the history of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties Yiwenzhi were all absent. Although there were some records in wenyuange bibliography and Guoshi jingjizhi, most of them were "rash" and "absurd", which was not enough to be relied on. As for the Ming Dynasty, although there are many authors and works about Hong Fu, there is no complete bibliography.

On the basis of his father's six volume catalogue of qianqingzhai collection, Huang Yuji reorganized the famous bibliography of qianqingtang in the history of bibliography into thirty-two volumes according to his collection and with his own efforts for more than ten years. According to the classification of four parts, there are 43 categories. Most of them are innovative. The books of Ming Dynasty are described in detail. In addition to the missing books in the history of Song Dynasty, there is no history of art and literature in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and the bibliography of the three dynasties is attached after each category. It has recorded more than 600 works of Song people since Xianchun of Song Dynasty, with more than 12700 volumes, and 1710 works of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, with more than 12200 volumes. In addition to the number of volumes, the author's brief history is indicated, which is more detailed than the historical, artistic and literary records of the previous dynasties. Later, Wang Hongxu's "Ming history manuscript · Yi Wen Zhi" and Zhang Tingyu's "Ming history · Yi Wen Zhi" were both edited according to "qianqingtang bibliography". Later, because Wang Hongxu, the chief editor of the book, made more cuts to the original manuscript, Quan Zuwang, Lu Wenchu and hang Shijun were deeply dissatisfied with Wang Hongxu's cuts.

The bibliography of qianqingtang mainly supplements the works of Ming Dynasty, from the works of emperors and generals in the sixteen dynasties of Ming Dynasty to the poems and essays of Buyi literati. Without books, qianqingtang does not search for the net, which is very complete. It is the most complete catalogue of Ming people's art and Literature so far. At the same time, it also contains the works of song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Under each bibliography, the author's name, title and section are recorded as far as possible. Some of them also record the contents or compilation of the book.

The book is divided into four parts, namely, classics, history, Zi and Ji. In each category, there are more than 14000 works of Ming Dynasty, and more than 2400 works of song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. All the works of scholars from the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty are mixed up, and the works of Han Niu Chong Dong are preliminarily analyzed.

In addition, he and Ni can wrote the supplement to the history of the Song Dynasty, the revision by Lu Wenhuo, and the supplement to the history of the Ming Dynasty.

The history of Ming Dynasty

In 1678, the Qing government appointed the ministers of internal and external affairs to recommend talents and open a special branch of erudite Hongci. Huang Yuji was recommended to Beijing as a "liberal and capable writer" who was especially familiar with the study of classics catalogue. Before taking the exam, he reported his mother's death and went back to the system.

In 1679, the Qing government opened a museum to compile the history of the Ming Dynasty. The censor Zuo Du and Xu Yuanwen (Yufeng) of Kunshan served as the president of the supervision, and invited famous scholars from all over the country to participate in the compilation. With Huang Yuji's profound knowledge and elegant writing style, Xu Yuanwen recommended to participate in the compilation. In 1681, Huang Yuji entered the Imperial Academy in cloth clothes. He was paid seven salaries and became the editor of Ming history.

Huang Yuji compiled biographies and records of Arts and culture in the Museum of Ming history. In the process of compilation, he took his own "qianqingtang bibliography" as the base, took advantage of the favorable conditions of the Museum of history, collected various bibliographies, eliminated the complexity, compiled the unprepared bibliography, made repeated textual research, and compiled the Ming history · Yiwen Zhigao. Wang Hongxu, the president of Ming history, deleted and supplemented Huang Yuji's Yi Wen Zhi draft, and edited it as Yi Wen Zhi draft in the late Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. Later, Zhang Tingyu revised the manuscript and adapted it into the later circulation edition of the history of the Ming Dynasty. Huang Yuji's original manuscript of Ming history, art and literature, was lost.

However, the Ming Shi Yi Wen Zhi, which has been edited by the editor for many times, can not reflect the complete picture of Ming Dynasty's works. Therefore, when later generations explore the general picture of Ming people's works, they often abandon the Ming Shi Yi Wen Zhi and choose the qianqingtang bibliography.

Qianqingtang bibliography has been widely spread in the form of notes, and has been praised and corrected by Zhu YIZUN, hang Shijun, Lu wencao, Wu Qian and other scholars. It has become an indispensable and important work in the history of Chinese bibliography. In 1913, it was included in the second episode of Shiyuan series.

Reference to the compilation of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty

In 1684, Xu Qianxue, the elder brother of Xu Yuanwen, compiled the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. He also recommended Huang Yuji as the editor of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1689, Xu Qianxue, the chief executive officer of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty, went back to his hometown with a special purpose to bring the draft of the unified annals back to Kunshan. Xu Qianxue asked Huang Yuji to help him as soon as he was in the library. Huang Yuji followed Xu Qianxue to Taihu Baoshan publishing house to compile the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty. After more than one year's efforts, the general compilation of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty has been basically completed.

In July of 1691, Huang Yuji returned to Jiangning (Nanjing) and died only five days after he got home.

other

Huang Yuji's poems are quite elegant and healthy. Wang Shizhen, Mao Qiling and others often praise his poems. In his poems, Mao Qiling was praised as "in the end of autumn, poetry meets Shen Yue, in the end of the year, there is a field in Yi".

Huang Yuji is filial and friendly by nature. In 1678, Kangxi was called to Beijing. When he passed by Shandong Province, he saw the plague of locusts and starving people everywhere. Then he asked for help for the people and asked the Secretary for relief. There was an old Fujian Yizhong in Nanjing. Because of its long history, there was no space for burial. Huang Yuji took the lead in donating money to purchase land and expanding the area.

Early Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yu Ji