Huang Chonggu

Huang Chonggu

Huang Chonggu, a native of huojingcao, Qiongzhou (now Huojing Town, Qionglai city), was born in 883, the third year of Zhonghe in Tang Dynasty, and died in 924, the sixth year of yanqiande, king of Shu before five dynasties. The main plot of Huangmei Opera "the woman's son-in-law" is also adapted from the true story of the talented woman in Qionglai. Among the people, she is known as the "number one woman scholar".

The real Huang Chonggu

Huang Chonggu, who had received good family education since childhood, was gentle and elegant, good at poetry and prose. His father was an official in Shu. After her parents died one after another, she disguised herself as a man and traveled to eastern and Western Sichuan. Once, a big fire broke out in Linqiong county. Huang Chonggu passed by the scene and was falsely accused of arson. When she heard that Zhou Xiang was an upright official, she wrote poems to argue for leniency. Zhou Xiang saw that she was gentle and calm. She was innocent and unjust, and was released with her life. A few days later, Huang Chonggu "re presented a long song", and Zhou Xiang summoned her in the college to discuss knowledge with her son and nephew. Huang Chonggu's "elegant, good music, wonderful calligraphy and painting" is versatile and appreciated by Zhou Xiang. Soon, he recommended her to join the army as an agent. After he took office, Huang Chongfu was extremely capable, and some difficult cases that had been overstocked for many years were quickly tried. He had made outstanding achievements in his administration for one year. Zhou Xiang liked Huang Chonggu very much. Seeing that she was handsome and talented, she offered to marry her beloved daughter to Huang Chonggu before she got married in her thirties. When Zhou Xiang was waiting for Huang Chonggu to send his media to send him for employment, Huang sent him a letter to resign and seek seclusion. Zhou Xiang was shocked to see the poem. He realized that Huang Chonggu, a versatile and skillful officer, was a woman in the army. He summoned him to inquire, and then he realized that Huang Chonggu was the daughter of Huang Shijun, "lost his parents when he was young" and lived with his mother. Zhou Xiang "yijiaqi chastity", obedient to her wishes, presented a living expenses, let her back to Sichuan.

The record of Huang Chonggu's tombstone

According to the inscriptions on Huang Chonggu's tomb and the legend of his hometown in 1890, Huang's life experience is slightly different. Huang Chonggu, the top scholar in senior high school, was appointed as a military officer. He also showed his ability. Zhou Xiang, the prime minister, loved his talent and appearance and wanted to be his son-in-law. When Shiqi's father died of a sudden illness, Zhou Xiang pitied his talent and transferred Huang's letter to the emperor, asking for Chonggu's permission to "return to Zili as the father of his servant" (Chonggu's tombstone). After Huang returned to Sichuan to bury his father, he changed his name to Yanggu according to his mother's surname and lived in seclusion in Tonggu mountain. Later, he died of poverty and disease. He was 41 years old.

Document records

It is recorded in Li Qing Ji written by Yang Shen, the number one scholar in Ming Dynasty (from Xindu, Sichuan), "Huang Chonggu, the number one scholar in Wang Shu, is from Linqiong Legend has female champion "spring peach", cover yellow things also. "

The 28th volume of Feng Menglong's storybook novel Yu Shi Ming Yan "Li Xiuqing's marriage with Huang Zhen's daughter" and the 28th volume of Ling Mengchu's "Er Ke Pai an amazing story" all record Huang Chonggu's disguise as a man.

Folklore

In order to carry forward Huang Chonggu's noble spirit of daring to challenge the secular world and raising her eyebrows for women, the Tonggu mountain in Qionglai, where she lived in seclusion and was buried, was renamed Chonggu mountain. In the fifth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1866), Chonggu pagoda was built on the mountain, which was five Zhang and seven feet high. In 1922, another 11 hole flat stone bridge with a length of 17 Zhang and 6 feet was built on the Wenjing river at the foot of the mountain, named "Zhuangyuan bridge". At the top of the mountain, a memorial hall of Huang Chonggu was also built, in which a sitting statue of Huang Chonggu's eye-catching and book writing was molded. Every year on the 13th of June of the lunar calendar, on the birthday of Huang Chongfu, the villagers hold grand commemorative activities.

Posterity evaluation

Lang Ying, a man of the Ming Dynasty, accused Huang Chonggu of "three uncleanness" in the tone of a feudal defender in his seven kinds of revised manuscripts: "if you write poems for a man, you will be unclean.". Serving as an official, he worked among men and was unclean. If things are revealed but can't tell you what you want, then poetry and drama are not clean. What is the manipulation of Qingsong and Baibi? "

There is also a poem in Yu Hua Tang poetry anthology written by Xiong Weifang of Qing Dynasty, praising Huang Chonggu for his high quality and talent, surpassing Zhuo Wenjun. The poem says: "the west mountain is full of clouds and high hills, and grows the fragrance of boudoir surname. She was named Gao Zhuo Nu for thousands of years. She met Zhou Xiang in an official seal script. Jingxi plain looking for pure water, shogunate empty stay flat bed. White and flawless, the moon is in the pond

Wang Yun, a poetess in the Qing Dynasty, admired Huang Chonggu very much. She juxtaposed Huang with Hua Mulan, an ancient heroine dressed as a man, and sang in the poem "partridge heaven": "the boudoir has been buried for more than ten years, so you can't be noble or immortal. Every time I read a book, I admire ban Chao's ambition and recite Taibai for a long time. With ambition, to the sky, Mulan Chongfu things are not predestined. There's no difference between a golden horse and a golden horse. It's a good way to dream. " It expresses the grief and indignation of women's failure to meet their talents and ambition in feudal society, and for this reason, it writes the legend "prosperous dream" against feudal ethics.

Feng Wanyu, author of Wenjiang in Chengdu, created a 23 episode TV series Huang Chonggu, the first female champion, which also won the encouragement award from the Propaganda Department of Chengdu municipal Party committee and other relevant departments.

Restore history

In the imperial examination period of more than 1300 years from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, there were 592 top scholars in liberal arts and 118 top scholars in martial arts, all male. In the feudal society where men are superior to women, there will be no female champion. Only Yang Xiuqing, the eastern king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, once held the female examination, and Fu Shanxiang, a Nanjing girl, won the examination. She is the only female champion in the history of Chinese imperial examination.

Although the event of "No.1 scholar in the middle class" belongs to posterity rather than historical facts, because Huang Chonggu was a rare talented woman in feudal society, she did disguise herself as a man, served as a military officer, was a reasonable political talent, and once resigned her marriage with poetry, which was legendary. In addition, the literati compiled scripts, so it spread to later generations and had a great influence. This point is worth reading. As an artistic creation, it is naturally gratifying, but it can not be regarded as a historical event.

Chinese PinYin : Huang Chong Gu