Huanglan

Huanglan

Michelia champaca

Linn.): evergreen tree, more than 10 meters high; branches slanting upward, with a narrow umbrella shaped crown; buds, twigs, leaves and petioles covered with yellowish flat pubescence. Leaves thinly leathery, lanceolate ovate or lanceolate oblong, slightly puberulent below. Flowers yellow, extremely fragrant, perianth 15-20 pieces, oblanceolate, 3-4 cm long, 4-5 mm wide; follicles obovate oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, verrucous convex; seeds 2-4, wrinkled. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from September to October.

It is distributed in China, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Vietnam. It is a famous ornamental tree species with strong resistance to toxic gases. It is widely planted in tropical Asia with high ornamental value. (overview of the picture, resources:)

morphological character

Huanglan is an evergreen arbor with a height of more than 10 meters. Its branches slant upward and present a narrow umbrella shaped crown. Its buds, twigs, leaves and petioles are covered with yellowish flat hairs. Leaves thinly leathery, lanceolate ovate or lanceolate oblong, 10-20 (25) cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, apex long acuminate or nearly caudate, base broadly cuneate or cuneate, slightly puberulent below; petiole 2-4 cm long, stipule scar longer than middle of petiole. flowers yellow, very fragrant, perianth segments 15-20, oblanceolate, 3-4 cm long, 4-5 mm wide; stamen connective protruding long pointed; pistil group hairy; pistil petiole ca. 3 mm long. Aggregate fruit 7-15 cm long; follicles obovate oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, verrucous convex; seeds 2-4, rugose. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from September to October.

Habitat of producing area

It is found in Southeast Tibet, South Yunnan and southwest China. It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi, and potted in the Yangtze River Valley, overwintering in greenhouses. It is also distributed in India, Nepal, Myanmar and Vietnam.

The difference between the two species

It is different from Magnolia grandiflora in yellow flowers, long and narrow crown, villous leaves under leaves, more than 1 / 2 petiole and leaf scar.

Growth habit

We need plenty of sunshine. They like warm, hot and humid soil, acid soil, alkali soil and drought, and avoid too much moisture, especially water. It is not cold resistant, and the minimum indoor temperature should be above 5 ℃ in winter. It is suitable for loose and fertile slightly acidic soil with good drainage. The ability of smoke resistance is poor. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from September to October. It is easy to bear fruit. Generally, 2-3-year-old grafted seedlings can bear fruit after flowering.

Breeding

It can be propagated mainly by sowing or grafting. The seeds should be harvested in time when they are red and stored in sand until the next spring. Generally, the seeds germinate about one month after sowing, but some germinate nearly two months later. Seedling transplanting should be carried out in the evening or cloudy day. After transplanting, shade should be set up, and the shed should be removed gradually after the plant grows high. The annual seedlings can grow up to 40-50 cm, and the crown can grow up to 40 cm, which is better than the grafted seedlings. Grafting, can be Tianmu Huanglan, Huangshan Huanglan as rootstock. The cultivation management of Huanglan is the same as that of Bailan. The main pests are scale insects, which should be controlled in time.

cultivation techniques

plant

Plant before flowering in spring or after defoliation in autumn. Transplanting with soil ball, bare root transplanting is not easy to survive, pay attention to less root damage. In order to reduce water evaporation after transplanting, some branches and leaves were cut off before seedling. In the planting hole, the decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, and then a layer of soil is covered to separate the root system from the organic fertilizer, so as to prevent the root from burning and rotting. After planting, water was poured once.

temperature

Suitable for living in a sunny environment. Sufficient light can make plants flourish and flowers more fragrant. Magnolia can endure low temperature of - 20 ℃ for a short time, and can overwinter in open field in Zhengzhou area. Generally, it can overwinter in the open field in Beijing, but when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, cold protection measures should be taken, which is sensitive to temperature. High temperature can advance the flowering time.

Water and fertilizer

Fertilizer can be applied twice a year. One is the winter fertilizer, the other is the fertilizer after flowering. It's better to use the thin and rotten human feces and urine, and avoid the thick fertilizer. Watering can be discretionary, less in cloudy days, more early. It grows vigorously in spring, needs a little more water, and is watered twice a month. A little more in summer. Reduce the amount of water in autumn. Generally small watering in winter, but when the soil is too dry, it can also be watered once.

trim

After flower withering and before leaf bud sprouting. Generally do not prune, because the callus ability of Magnolia branches is poor, do not do large pruning, just cut the dense branches, long branches, Cross branches, dry branches, pest branches, cultivate reasonable tree shape, make the posture beautiful.

florescence

If you want magnolia to bloom on New Year's day or Spring Festival, you can move potted Magnolia 40-50 days in advance into a low-temperature greenhouse, and gradually break the dormancy state. After 25-30 days, put it in the high temperature greenhouse, keep more than 60% air humidity, then it can blossom.

Main uses

application

It is a famous ornamental tree species with rich fragrance and beautiful tree shape, and has strong resistance to toxic gases. It is widely planted in tropical Asia. Flowers can be used to extract aromatic oil or smoked tea, or extract into medicine; leaves can be used to steam oil for making spices. The wood is light and soft, and the material is excellent. It is a valuable material for shipbuilding and furniture. It can be an important afforestation tree species in South China.

medicine

Root (huangmiangui), fruit (huangmiangui): bitter, cool. Dispel wind and dampness, clear throat. It is used for rheumatism, bone pain and bone prick. Fruit: for stomachache and indigestion. [Lisu medicine] Huang miangui: cure rheumatism and bone pain, bone thorn stuck throat "Nujiang medicine". Results the treatment of stomachache, dyspepsia, "Yunnan Province.". [Dai medicine] bury zhongha, sell zhongha (West DAI): root and fruit treat dyspepsia and stomachache. Mahuying, Zhangbaling, burying hamu, burying zhongha: the root and root bark treat rheumatism, bone pain, bone thorn sticking throat; the fruit treat dyspepsia, stomachache. Sold in Kazakhstan: root, fruit for bone thorn throat, rheumatism, bone pain, dyspepsia, stomachache "Dai medicine record".

Chinese PinYin : Huang Lan